Chapter 6 – Marine Vertebrates I: Fishes and Reptiles
Chapter Outline
6.1 Vertebrate Features
Chordate Characteristics
Vertebrate Characteristics
Conodontophorans – The First Vertebrates?
Evolution of Marine Vertebrates (Table 6.1)
6.2 Agnatha—The Jawless Fishes
Hagfishes
Lampreys
6.3 Chondrichthyes—Sharks, Rays, and Chimeras
Morphology: Elasmobranchs vs. Holocephalans
Diet
Reproduction
Oviparity and Viviparity
Ovoviviparity
6.4 Osteichthyes—The Bony Fishes
Diversity
Coelacanth
Research in Progress: Serendipity in Science: The Discovery of Living Coelacanths
Ray-finned Fishes
Sex in Bony Fishes
Sex Determination in Fishes
Sexual Hormones
Sequential Hermaphrodites
Polygyny
6.5 Marine Amphibians
An Introduction to Marine Tetrapods
The World’s Only Marine Amphibian?
6.6 Marine Reptiles
Marine Iguana and Crocodile
Biogeography
Feeding
Sea Snakes
Diversity and Reproduction
Adaptations for a Marine Existence
Sea Turtles
Leatherback Biogeography and Gigantothermy
Diversity and Feeding
Navigation, Natal Homing, and Reproduction
6.7 Physiology and Behavior of Marine Vertebrates
Respiration in Fishes
Gill Anatomy
Countercurrent Circulation
© 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC
Osmoregulation in Marine Vertebrates
Osmoconforming Invertebrates
Osmoregulation
Bony Fishes
Sharks and Rays
The Role of Retaining Urea and TMAO
Marine Reptiles and Birds
The Role of Salt Glands
The Influence of Amniotic Eggs on Salt and Water Balance
Locomotion
Cost of Transport
Body Shape
Types of Hydrodynamic Drag
Porpoising and Crossover Speed
Speed
Adaptations of Fast Fishes
Anatomy and Fin Placement
Elevation of Body Temperature (Table 6.2)
Red vs. White Swimming Muscles (Table 6.3)
Schooling
Characteristics of a School
Selective Advantages of Schooling Behavior
Migration
Functions
Patterns
Role of Tagging and Telemetry
Examples of Extensive Oceanic Migrations
Anadromous Salmon
Skipjack Tuna in the Pacific Ocean
Catadromous Eels
6.8 Vertebrate Sensory Capabilities
Introduction
Chemoreception
Electroreception and Magnetoreception
Vision
Equilibrium
Sound Reception
Echolocation
© 2012 Jones and Bartlett Learning, LLC