CARE GBV Project
Terminal Report
Strengthening and scaling up the Hope for African Children
Initiative
Award Number: GPO-A-00-04-0006
Covering the period:
April 2007 –August 30, 2008
Submitted: September 15, 2008
Table of content
Acronyms and abbreviations .......................................................................... 3
1. Executive Summary ...................................................................................... 4
2. Overall description activities...................................................................... 5
Key achievements .......................................................................................... 5
3. Key Results during the life of the SSUH grant (DIP 1,2 and 3) .......... 6
3.1
Summary of overall key regional and country level outputs ..... 6
3.1.1 Number of OVC reached by Service ............................................. 7
3.2
Other Key Results ............................................................................... 8
4. Assessment of progress made..................................................................... 8
Intermediate Result 1 .................................................................................... 8
Intermediate Result 2: ................................................................................... 8
Intermediate Result 3: ................................................................................. 11
Intermediate Result 4: ................................................................................. 12
5. Key research findings /Lessons learnt .................................................... 15
6. Comments and Recommendations .......................................................... 15
Lessons learned .......................................................................................... 16
Acronyms and abbreviations
AIDS
AWA
CAT
CBO
CEDAW
DIP
FBOs
FGM
Acquire Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Amhara women association
Community Action Team
Community Based Organization
Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against
Women
Detail Implementation Plan
Faith Based Organizations
Female Genital Mutilation
GBV
HACI
HIV
HTPs
IR
MAP
MOWA
NCE
NEWA
NGO
OVC
PEPFAR
PLWHA
RH
SSUH
TA
TOT
USAID
USD
WA
WAO
WFP
Gender Based Violence
Hope for African Children Initiative
Human Immune Deficiency Virus
Harmful traditional practices
Intermediate Result
Male As Partner
Ministry of Women Affairs
No Cost Extension
Net work of Ethiopian women Association
Non Governmental Organization
Orphan and Vulnerable Children
President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
People living with HIV/AIDS
Reproductive Health
Strengthening and Scaling up the Hope for African Children
Technical Assistance
Training of Trainers
United States Agency for International Development
United States Dollar
Women Association
Women Affairs Office
World Food Program
1. Executive Summary
CARE Ethiopia has been implementing a GBV project which is funded by USAID PEPFAR in Addis Ababa, Oromia and Amhara regional states. This project had two
major objectives:
 building community awareness towards gender roles and gender based
violence which is expected to lay foundation for response mechanisms and
 Gather information about GBV – prevalence, types of violence, enforcement
of laws, resources for victims to better inform policy makers, the public, donors,
and implementing partners.
The total fund of the project was $400,000 which was allocated to different planned
activities to be accomplished at head office and local partner’s organization level. The
project period was from April 2007 to March 31st 2008. However it has got a project
no cost extension up to September 30, 2008. During the project period the
organization has selected three partner organizations in the aforementioned regions
which obtained sub grants based on their project proposal.

Amhara women association (AWA): the project began in August 2007,
targeting 12 rural kebeles (kebele = lowest government unit) around Bahir
Dar town administration and 32 kebeles of Bahir Dar Zuria Woreda. The
project interventions along the awareness raising were addressing all forms
of HTPS, but with particular emphasis to early marriage, FGC,
discriminatory attitude on women and children, child labor, etc. /gender
issues, and above all GBV, HIV/AIDS and that of RH issues.

HUNDEE –Oromo grass root development initiative, our other partner, has
began implementation in August 2007 it project implementation in Oromia
regional states West Shoa zone two weredas (Burayu and Bako). Its
intervention is on human right issue focusing on gender based violence.

Maryjoy Aid through development has signed agreement on November 12,
2007 intervening in two kebele of Gulele sub city of Addis Ababa. The major
focus of the project is building community awareness towards gender roles
and gender-based violence with special emphasis on traditional laws
incorporating laws against GBV. .
The major activities of these partner organizations mainly focused on community
sensitization and designing mechanisms which could avoid the occurrence of GBV in the
specific project areas and response mechanisms for the survivors.
With this project GBV training package has been developed and training cascades were
conducted for stakeholders, law enforcing bodies, the community leaders and the community
themselves. Besides advocacy materials and a documentary film have been developed to
influence the change of existing policies and practices that will be supportive in the response
mechanisms of GBV. In a nut shell, this project has laid foundation for wider GBV
responsive actions in the project sites and wider areas of the country in the years to come.
2. Overall description of activities
Key achievements

GBV assessment (situational analysis in the three project areas)

GBV training package have been prepared based on the findings of the assessment.
Thus the prepared package (training manual and training guide) after being
commented and enhanced being translated in to Amharic and ready for printing.
Master trainers trained on the training manual to provide training on GBV at grass
root level. TOT was provided for 64 participants with the use of newly developed
training manual. This opportunity helped the further refinement of the training by
receiving constructive ideas from the participants

Four types of Advocacy materials (Posters, brochures and stickers) produced and
distributed to partner organizations MOWA, NEWA and other organizations working
on related issues. The advocacy materials were prepared in two local languages,
Oromiffa and Amharic.

In total 3703 community members sensitized on GBV/HIV in the three intervention
areas (1739 women and 1964 men).

A one day workshop was conducted by Mary Joy which involved 87 media
professionals which has discussed on how to work jointly on issues of GBV/OVC and
related highly prevalent harmful traditional practices.

A 25 minute documentary video titled a journey to life has been produced based on
the GBV specific reality of the three project intervention areas. This video was shown
at various fora and also given to USAID country office.

A 16 days of activism and March 8 international women’s day have been colorfully
observed by participating community members from different groups, civic societies,
school children, university students, HIV positive women Association, OVC
guardians, school girls forum members , representatives from sector offices etc to
advocate the prevention of GBV in Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar cities

27 participants from CARE head office and representatives from the three partner
organizations participated in Men As Partner (MAP) TOT and community
mobilization workshop with PEFAR funded PRUMUNDO project and Engender
Health in Ethiopia.

CARE participated in the development of MAP Ethiopia IEC messages in
collaboration with other international and local NGOs

Communality action teams (CATs) and women defense committees
have been
established as referral linkages in Bako and Burayu woredas and in Addis Ababa,
Gulele sub city while existing HTP committees strengthened in Bahir Dar
and
kebeles around Bahir Dar town. Besides in Bahir Dar 54 staff members from law
enforcing bodies were trained to strengthen the referral linkages of GBV survivors to
the legal service providers. The community action team (CAT) collaborating with
kebele administration will discharge their responsibilities in creating awareness and
build referral linkages with potential service providers to address the needs of the
vulnerable and the survivors.
3. Key Results during the life of the SSUH grant (DIP 1, 2 and 3)
3.1 Summary of overall key regional and country level outputs
Description
Activities
1
2
of CARE
GBV Female
intervention areas
Project launching workshop
Community
workshop
Sensitization
Male
Total
Amhara regional state around
Bahir Dar
23
21
44
Oromia regional state west Shoa
zone (Bako &Burayu)
26
48
74
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
(Mary Joy)
18
24
42
Total
67
93
160
Amhara regional state around
Bahir Dar
250
510
760
Oromia regional state west Shoa
zone (Bako &Burayu)
1237
1258
2495
3
4
5
6
Mass rally
TOT
Advocacy and education on
human rights
Community conference
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
(Mary Joy)
235
308
448
Total
1739
1964
3703
Amhara regional state around
Bahir Dar(16 days of activism &
March 8)
2235
Community rallies
1500
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
(Mary Joy)
4000
Total
7735
Amhara regional state around
Bahir Dar
10
20
30
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
12
16
32
Oromia Regional state west Shoa
zone (Bako &Burayu)
3
7
10
Total
28
36
64
Oromia Regional state west Shoa
zone ,Bako woreda
53
157
210
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
153
56
209
Oromia Regional state west Shoa
zone ,Bako woreda ,Burayu
22,900
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
134
Total
7
Evaluation/review workshop
23,034
Amhara regional state around
Bahir Dar
73
131
204
Addis Ababa Gulale sub city
32
31
63
Oromia Regional state west Shoa
zone (Bako &Burayu)
51
160
211
156
322
478
3.1.1 Number of OVC reached by Service
CARE GBV project is a pilot initiative working with partner organization with an objective
of addressing OVC in the specific target areas. Hence, OVC beneficiaries cannot be put in
numerical figures as accomplishments. However, we believe that in Bahir Dar City
administration, a total of 4926 OVC (2709 female and 2217 male}
directly or indirectly benefited
from the community sensitization in the respective kebeles. Besides, Amhara women association
(AWA) has reached OVCs through models schools. Thus 20 model schools have received
training and material support including a total number of 1,017 OVCs among which 921 is
female and 1938 are male served by the program. The same is true with other project sites
although we do not have good estimate of the OVC beneficiaries
3.2
Other Key Results
CARE GBV project is dealing mainly on community sensitization, conducting
GBV assessment, and running advocacy works that facilitate to mitigate the over
all GBV problem and create the ground for provision of direct services for OVC..
4. Assessment of progress made
Based on the objectives and derived SSUH intermediate results, activities accomplished during
the reporting periods are presented as follows:
Intermediate Result 1 strengthened resource capacity of NGOs, CBOs and FBOs
IR 1.3 Strengthened Resource capacity to effectively deliver services to OVC and
their families by the partners

All the three partners have recruited project coordinators finance officers to
implement the GBV activities

Launching workshop conducted by CARE Ethiopia as well as partner
organizations at their sites to familiarize the project to pertinent bodies.

M&E manual developed based on the objectives of the project in line with
HACI expected intermediate results

CARE’s international staff provided TA during the launching workshop in
order to carry on the implementation of planned activities on the vision and
mission of CARE international in Ethiopian. Besides technical assistance was
provided by Regional HACI Coordinator on the development and of the M&E
manual.

Capacity of AWA office and 20 model schools have been strengthened while
one of the Hundee intervention woredas Bako woreda women affairs offices
has been strengthened in order to sustain GBV activities the office.
Intermediate Result 2: Strengthened and expanded service delivery for country
and community-level programming and implementation mechanisms
IR 2.4: Improved compliance with and protection of OVC rights
Training and workshops
In the project period community level awareness raising workshops have been carried out
on GBV, HTPs, HIV/AIDS and newly amended family and criminal laws of the country.
The sensitization workshops have been given to pertinent bodies in respective community
representatives, police, judiciary, youths & women association members Kebele
administration and others. Special emphasis was given to address men and boys
involvement in addressing GBV issues in each community.
The major objectives of the workshops were to:

Obtain men’s /women perception on equality between women and men and see how men’s
understanding impact on the realization of gender equality and in perpetuating
discriminations women suffer under rules of patriarchy;

Sensitize men, women, girls and boys and other community members on the negative
impacts of GBV and thereby identify with the participants the roles they could play to
combat GBV and other discriminatory practices;

Introduce the participants to the relevant provisions of the constitution, revised family and
penal codes where acts of GBV are out rightly criminalized and banned.
The sensitization workshop sessions addressed the following important points:

Current situation (status and position) of women and girls in the
respective localities; equality between men and women

The prevalence of gender-based violence and major causes of GBV and
their consequences;

Customary marriage institutions to identify violent practices embedded
into them;

Community perceptions, narratives and myths as well as structures and
institutions perpetuating GBV and other harmful traditional practices;

Awareness on newly amended relevant laws put in place to combat GBV
and remedies available to victims; (family law, criminal law and the
constitutional rights of women, CEDAW etc)

Major obstacles that women perceive prevent victims from seeking and
accessing institutional remedies; and

The roles as well as responsibilities of various community structures and
institutions in the combat against GBV.
Thus based on the indicated sessions analysis on equality of men and women,
property rights, analyses of customary marriages institution and HTP have been
conducted in joint workshops.
Accordingly, the joint workshops in each center have recommended the banning of:

Abduction not only as a criminal act, but also a threat to girls’ education. The threat
of surprise marriage as its variant is also emphasized. Here, the role of community
elders in perpetuating these violent practices and criminal acts was further
elaborated and condemned by community representatives. The workshop
participants have also called upon law enforcement agencies to apprehend and
prosecute abductors and their accomplices instead of covering their failure in duties
by simply dubbing abduction as the culture of the people;

Practices of gender based violence embedded in customary marriage institutions such
as early marriage, excessive bride price, widow inheritance, marriage without
consent,
polygamous
marriage,
contractual
marriage,
marriage
through
intermediaries, etc were out rightly condemned;

Violent and harmful practices namely: female genital mutilation, rape, domestic
violence, sexual assault and their causes were analyzed and evaluated in terms of their
effects on the physical health, psychological and mental integrity of women and girls.
Advocacy and networking
HUNDEE and Mary Joy have conducted Human Rights Training in Bako-Tibe district City
Government of Burayu and gulele sub city with the following objectives:

To sensitize law enforcement agencies and other government organs as well as
indigenous institutions that have jurisdiction social affairs in local context, on
human rights, in terms of its very essence as an intrinsic element of human
being,

To assess practice of government organs (especially law enforcement organs) in
light of Universal Declaration of Human Rights ratified by Ethiopian
Government and Constitutional provisions enacted in recognition of respecting
and protecting of these rights.

To identify loopholes in the statutory laws that could lead to a clash between
respect and violation of human rights and

Point out roles of individuals in respecting and protecting human rights in
everyday reaction with each other i.e. how to discharge international
responsibility in domestic framework.
A colorful and highly organized rally was conducted in Bahirdar town based on
the global Sixteen days of activism initiative. Accordingly 525 males and 210
females, a total of 735 participants from different areas participated in the rally.
Amhara Women Association members, Law school students of Bahir Dar
University, girl’s gender forum members, members of PLHIV associations, antiAIDS club members and driver’s association members have participated in the
rally.
Besides, March 8, 2008 is observed in Addis Ababa and Bahir Dar conducting
rallies by taking a theme on celebrating women’s achievements and stopping
violence. In these rallies 4000 and 1500 participants respectively wearing t-shirts
caring banners with USAID and CARE logo and messages to stop GBV have
been participated.
Lessons learnt from implementing IR2
In order to make the intervention more effective and efficient, the need of
establishing networking and referral linkages with all duty bearers and service
providers is an imperative aspect. These activities need to be strengthened in the
future interventions activities to keep the momentum of movement against GBV.
Intermediate Result 3: Implemented advocacy and communication strategies that
reduce stigma and discrimination of children and families affected by HIV & AIDS
and GBV.
IR3.3: Increased awareness of and response to stigma and discrimination by key
decision makers and by communities
Production of advocacy materials

For sixteen days of activism 1000 T-Shirts with key GBV messages produced and
distributed to the rally and panel discussion participants in Bahir Dar town and Addis
Ababa in collaboration with NEWA.

1500 T-shirts with advocacy messages produced and distributed to GBV campaign
participants on celebration of March 8 of the year 2008 here in Addis and in Bahir
Dar town.

On December 9, 2007 when the sixteen days of activism was observed in Bahir Dar
town an estimated 150,000 radio listeners were addressed by Amhara region F.M
radio. Quiz were prepared regarding GBV/OVC/HIV/AIDS and forwarded to the
audience to express their views on the subject. As a result important hot discussions
were conducted that has been aired. Those who have actively participated in the
discussion have been awarded by the Amhara Women Association, the local partner.

Based on the GBV assessment findings messages related to major types of GBV have
been developed. Four different types from each items of posters, brochures and
stickers have been developed
conveying different messages. All the advocacy
materials have been translated in to two local languages, Amharic and Oromiffa.
1000, 500 and 1000 copies of the posters, brochures and leaflets respectively have
been printed with the two languages. The messages vaied based on the importance of
each of them in a specific localities of the intervention sites. All the materials have
been distributed to partner organizations, Net work of Women Associations, and
the Federal Ministry of Women Affairs.
Key lessons learnt
Timely advocacy messages have enhanced the awareness level of the audience in
order to participate in the effort of reducing the prevalence of GBV/HIV in
diverse cultural and traditional context. Thus, the participation of CARE GBV
project in the 16 days of activism has paved way to share the experience of other
organization and to look in to the gaps in addressing the problems of GBV.
Besides through the networking established with NEWA to participate in the
rally and transmitting messages on the issues of GBV demonstrated both in Addis
and Bahir Dar gave chance to raise awareness of the public at large the intensity
of the problem.
Intermediate Result 4: Documented, developed and disseminated best practices
and lessons learned through the Technical Exchange Networks
IR 4.2: Best practices and lessons learnt shared within Ethiopia
a. GBV situation analysis
GBV assessment in the three project intervention areas (West Shoa Burayu
and Bako Weredas, Bahirdar and its surrounding woredas and Addis Ababa
Gulele sub city) has been conducted and the final report submitted to CARE
Ethiopia after comments and feedbacks provided to the consultant. The
assessment methods were both quantitative as well as qualitative which has
tried to involve many stakeholders like elders, Religious leaders, police,
Judiciary, Women Affairs Offices, Women Associations and youth in-schools
and out of schools.
The major findings of the assessment are

The adoption of the Ethiopian Criminal Law and the Family Law and
the Constitution.

Increased trend of awareness of communities and women on women’s
rights and issues related to GBV.

Reduction in stigmatization of the victim in cases of rape or other
forms of gender based violence.

The establishment of committees against GBV at the kebele and subcity levels.

The existence of women’s associations and Women’s’ Affairs Offices
at Sub-city and kebele levels.
Besides the primary factors that were identified preventing women from
seeking justice include:

Women’s lack of awareness about their rights.

Women’s acceptance of a subordinate position to men and lack
of self confidence and self esteem.

When women have many children and have no source of
income to support them.

Economically poor women – when women have no source of
livelihood and depend on their parents for economic support.

Lack of effectiveness of the judiciary system (for example
when the system sends women back to the elders for
arbitration).

When women are told by elders to tolerate the abusive
relationship with the pretext of saving marriage and children. –
Women may go to the elders, but due to the fact that there is
still a belief in male supremacy, they usually advise women to
accept the abusive relationship.

Lack of law enforcement endeavors like, police often does not
encourage women to seek justice and advise them to settle the
dispute through the village elders.
b. Re assessing the findings of the GBV assessment work;
To strengthen the conducted GBV situational analysis’ and to design forward
strategic direction to CARE and those organization working on the area for
future intervention the findings of assessment has been re assessed in terms of
areas untouched such as:
(a)
violence by women against men,
(b)
violence by women against children,
(c)
violence by women against other women
(d)
reasons for the differences between violent men/women and nonviolent men/women
(e)
The extent of harmony in homes and the reasons for that harmony.
Thus the findings of this re assessment will be forwarded to pertinent
stakeholder in order to view the status of GBV intensively.
c. Development of training manual
GBV Training manual and trainers guide has been produced and translated in to
Amharic and comments and inputs included from pertinent stakeholder and TOT
participants.
The Manual has five modules
a. module one – gender-based violence
b. module two – prevalence, cause and effects of gender-based violence
c. module three - gender-based violence as a human right issue
d. module four - the role of major stakeholders in gender-based violence
e. module five - implementing gender-based programs
The duration needed for completion of the manual is 24 hours, which means the
training will take from 3 to 5 days, depending on the level of understanding of the
participants. To further expand the utilization of the training package the training
manual and trainers guide have been translated in to Amharic.
Besides, TOT for 64 master trainers has been provided for the respective partner
organization on the developed training package. The master trainers have
provided their inputs to develop the manual. To strengthen the master trainer’s
skill and to widen their vision on gender CARE Ethiopia in collaboration with
Engender health male involvement training has provided to 27 of the master
trainers training on males engagement in minimizing GBV.
Documentary film on GBV implementation approach has been produced
reflecting the HTP practiced in the project intervention areas. It also captures
major activities of the project in the three intervention areas.
5. Key research findings /Lessons learnt
Possible program implications on preventions through training, advocacy work
and strengthening services and support networks, mitigation of impact and
establishing of effective service provision system have been recommended.
6. Comments and Recommendations

Weak coordination and networking among the stakeholders for
protection of GBV

Limited resource and project scope as compared to the extensive nature
of the problem.

High turnover of local government officials as well as project staffs
and change of structures (kebeles and sub city administrations).
Difficult bureaucratic chain hindering timely implementation of the
project activities in one of the project sites, Addis Ababa.

Resistance from wrong attitude of the community, even the literate
people on gender, GBV and girls/women’s rights

Majority of women in the rural areas are illiterate and economically
dependent for the proper implementation of formulated laws.

Limited community awareness, the resistance due to wrong/biased
attitudes of the community, the literate people on gender, GBV &
Girls/Women’s rights.

Time constraint to implement all planned activities. As there are
several follow-up works which mainly focus on strengthening of all the
stakeholders, was good if the project life was longer or if there is
another project that can takeover the responsibility to see to sustained
efforts against the GBV.

Shortage of well trained resource persons for advocacy and community
awareness raising workshops.

Because of the new VAT policy which is not in line with USAID
policy we could not print the final products of the training manual
development and the assessment result. Printing of the materials and
distribution to all stakeholders and partners is highly important.
7. Lessons learned

Community participation in the facilitation and coordination of trainings
and education sessions is very encouraging, it is also cost effective.

Women’s discussion towards changing the social stigma and in taking
initiatives to coordinate trainings and solve the problems of GBV is highly
encouraging.

The current decentralized government structure in kebele level is highly
encouraging to work with, but continued effort is required to involve them.

It is learnt that the indigenous knowledge and experience has been a big
potential to draw up better approaches and strategies for the protection of
GBV ( Seratuma of HUNDEE, Establishment of Community action team
etc.)