19
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
All living organisms are composed of one or
more cells. Organisms grow by increasing their size and their
number of cells. Every cell must be able to protect itself from
the external environment. The barrier used to surround the
cell is called the plasma membrane. Most cells have internal
structures called organelles, which carry out specific
functions for the cell. There are two types of cells prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells are found in bacteria. A bacterium
have an outer layer called the cell membrane, and inside is a
watery fluid called the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm might be 70percent water. The other 30 percent is filled with proteins
called enzymes that the cell has made, along with smaller
molecules like amino acids, glucose molecules and ATP.
Though simple, prokaryotic cells have genetic information
called Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that floats freely in a
part of the cell known as the nuclear area. The plasma
membrane of these cells may be surrounded by a cell wall,
which gives it protection from the external environment.
Many of the prokaryotic cells also have flagella that help
with movement. The figure below depicts an E. coli
bacterium.
Eukaryotic cells (like human cells) are much more
complex than bacteria. They contain a special nuclear
membrane to protect the DNA, organelles like mitochondria
and golgi bodies, and a variety of other advanced features.
However, the fundamental processes are the same in both
bacteria and human cells.
Eukaryotic plant cells are different from animal cells
by the presence of the two structures found in plant cells: (1)
Cell Wall and (2) Chloroplast.
Name _____________
period _____ date________
Name _____________
EXIT TICKET
period _____ date_________
EXIT TICKET
True or False:
True or False:
_____1. Both DO NOT have DNA as their genetic material.
_____1. Both DO NOT have DNA as their genetic material.
_____2. Both are covered by a cell membrane
_____2. Both are covered by a cell membrane
_____3. Both are made from the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates,
proteins, nucleic acid, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
_____3. Both are made from the same basic chemicals: carbohydrates,
proteins, nucleic acid, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
_____4. Eukaryotic cells have a different basic metabolism (life
processes) like photosynthesis and reproduction then prokaryotic cell.
_____4. Eukaryotic cells have a different basic metabolism (life
processes) like photosynthesis and reproduction then prokaryotic cell.
_____5. Neither requires a supply of energy.
_____5. Neither requires a supply of energy.
Conclusion: (cytoplasm, plasma membrane, bacteria, cell wall, one,
organelles, flagella, cell membrane, DNA)
Conclusion: (cytoplasm, plasma membrane, bacteria, cell wall, one,
organelles, flagella, cell membrane, DNA)
All living organisms are composed of ___________ or more
All living organisms are composed of ___________ or more
cells. Organisms grow by increasing their size and their number of
cells. Organisms grow by increasing their size and their number of
cells. Most cells have internal structures called ___________________,
cells. Most cells have internal structures called ___________________,
which carry out specific functions for the cell. Prokaryotic cells are
which carry out specific functions for the cell. Prokaryotic cells are
found in _________________. A bacterium have a soft outer layer
found in _________________. A bacterium have a soft outer layer
called the __________
called the __________
________________, and inside they have a
________________, and inside they have a
watery fluid called the __________________. The plasma membrane
watery fluid called the __________________. The plasma membrane
of these cells may be surrounded by a _________ ________________,
of these cells may be surrounded by a _________ ________________,
which gives it protection from the external environment. Though
which gives it protection from the external environment. Though
simple, prokaryotic cells have genetic information called __________
simple, prokaryotic cells have genetic information called __________
that floats freely in the cell. Many of the prokaryotic cells also have
that floats freely in the cell. Many of the prokaryotic cells also have
_____________________ that help with movement.
_____________________ that help with movement.