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National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/
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DISODIUM PHOSPHATE
CASRN: 7558-79-4
For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
ANHYDROUS FORM MAY CAUSE MILD IRRITATION TO SKIN, MUCOUS
MEMBRANES; INTERNALLY CAUSES PURGING.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 1366]**PEER REVIEWED**
TOXICITY OF PARENTERAL ... /DIBASIC & MONOBASIC SODIUM
PHOSPHATE/ IS DUE TO THEIR SEQUESTRATION OF CALCIUM. ... SYSTEMIC
REACTIONS ARE UNLIKELY WHEN THESE SALTS /DIBASIC & MONOBASIC
SODIUM PHOSPHATE/ ARE GIVEN BY MOUTH.
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-120]**PEER REVIEWED**
ACUTE ... EYE CONTACT WITH CONCENTRATED ALKALI CAUSES
CONJUNCTIVAL EDEMA & CORNEAL DESTRUCTION. ALKALIES
PENETRATE SKIN SLOWLY. EXTENT OF DAMAGE THEREFORE DEPENDS ON
DURATION OF CONTACT. CHRONIC POISONING (FROM SKIN CONTACT).
CHRONIC DERMATITIS MAY FOLLOW REPEATED CONTACT ... /ALKALIES/
[Dreisbach, R. H. Handbook of Poisoning. 9th ed. Los Altos, California: Lange Medical
Publications, 1977. 202]**PEER REVIEWED**
ACUTE POISONING BY INJESTION: ... EVEN THOUGH PATIENTS RECOVER
FROM IMMEDIATE DAMAGE, ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE CAN OCCUR WK,
MO, OR YR LATER TO MAKE SWALLOWING DIFFICULT. INGESTION OF
TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE ... IN ... DETERGENTS OR LAXATIVES CAUSE SHOCKLIKE STATE, FALL OF BLOOD PRESSURE, SLOW PULSE, CYANOSIS COMA &
SOMETIMES TETANY AS RESULT OF REDN IN IONIC CALCIUM. /ALKALIES/
[Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange,
1987. 211]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium and potassium hexametaphosphates, polyphosphates, tripolyphosphates,
pyrophosphates, and other phosphates used as water softeners form complexes with
calcium and, after ingestion, are capable of seriously reducing the serum level of ionic
calcium. They have less corrosive effect on mucous membranes than sodium or
potassium hydroxide. Hydrolysis of the polymeric phosphates can also produce acidosis.
/Alkalies & phosphates/
[Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange,
1987. 211]**PEER REVIEWED**
The estimated fatal dose of sodium phosphates is 50 g. The corrosive effect is strong
irritation & erythema, blistering. /Alkalies & phosphates; from table/
[Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning. 12th ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange,
1987. 212]**PEER REVIEWED**
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult
breathing. Solid: Irritating to skin and eyes.
[U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.
Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Drug Warnings:
THIS PHOSPHATE SHOULD NOT BE CONFUSED WITH TRIBASIC SODIUM
PHOSPHATE WHICH IS VERY ALKALINE & HAS CAUSTIC ACTION.
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
Oral administration is safer, but careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and renal
function is necessary. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur and may be dose
dependent. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium should
be avoided, because they may bind phosphate and prevent it absorption (calcium antacids
also may bind phosphate, and it is assumed that these agents are not given to
hypercalcemic patients). /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 897]**PEER REVIEWED**
Phosphate should not be given to patients with impaired renal function or
hyperphosphatemia. They should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to
urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the
alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones. /Monobasic or dibasic
sodium or potassium phosphate/
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 897]**PEER REVIEWED**
Medical Surveillance:
In total parenteral nutrition ... potassium or sodium phosphate is essential; requirements
for phosphate are increased when glycolytic activity is increased or urinary losses are
high (eg, persistent acidosis proximal renal tubular defect). For /adults/ approximately
200 to 400 mg (6.5 to 13 mM) of phosphorus is required daily for maintenance, but larger
amounts are often needed when initiating total parenteral nutrition to maintain the serum
phosphate level above 2.5 mg/dl. For each 500 ml of 50% dextrose in water infused, 12
mM of phosphorus has been recommended.
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 864]**PEER REVIEWED**
Emergency Medical Treatment:
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The following Overview, *** INORGANIC PHOSPHATES ***, is relevant for this
HSDB record chemical.
Life Support:
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
Clinical Effects:
0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) The most frequently seen effect following ingestion or
rectal administration is gastrointestinal irritation.
If a significant amount of phosphate is absorbed,
hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia may
occur.
B) Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities have been reported
following exposure by oral, rectal, and intravenous
routes.
C) Severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia may result in
tetany, seizures, bradycardia, prolonged QT interval,
dysrhythmias, coma, and cardiac arrest. Severe
dehydration, hypernatremia, hypotension, metabolic
acidosis and tachycardia may also develop.
D) The elderly, young children and patients with renal
insufficiency are at increased risk of toxicity.
0.2.3 VITAL SIGNS
0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR
0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Tachycardia, bradycardia, heart block, EKG changes, and
cardiac arrest have been reported secondary to
electrolyte abnormalities.
B) Excessive absorption of sodium may aggravate congestive
heart failure.
C) Hypotension secondary to dehydration may occur.
0.2.6 RESPIRATORY
0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Hyperventilation may occur secondary to hypocalcemia.
0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC
0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Coma, seizures, and tetany have been reported secondary
to electrolyte abnormalities.
0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL
0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are
common, leading to dehydration.
0.2.10 GENITOURINARY
0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) A mild diuresis may be noted following excessive
absorption of these compounds.
B) Acute renal failure in association with electrolyte
imbalances was reported following therapeutic oral
administration of a phosphosoda solution.
0.2.11 ACID-BASE
0.2.11.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Metabolic acidosis is a frequent occurrence following
administration of hypertonic phosphate enema solutions.
0.2.12 FLUID-ELECTROLYTE
0.2.12.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and tetany have
occurred following overdosage with a
phosphate-containing laxative and following recommended
doses in patients with renal insufficiency.
B) Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities (dehydration and
hypokalemia) may be noted secondary to excessive
diarrhea.
0.2.15 MUSCULOSKELETAL
0.2.15.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) Carpopedal spasm is a common presenting sign in
inorganic phosphate poisoning and associated
hypocalcemia.
0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS
A) At the time of this review, no data were available to
assess the potential effects of exposure to this agent
during pregnancy or lactation.
Laboratory:
A) Monitor fluid and electrolyte status, including serum
phosphate, calcium, potassium, sodium and magnesium
concentrations.
B) Obtain an ECG and institute continuous cardiac
monitoring.
Treatment Overview:
0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE
A) EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because
of the potential for CNS depression, seizures and
cardiovascular instability.
B) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and
trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
C) Hydrate with 0.9% of 0.45% saline as clinically
indicated. Correct hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia,
hypernatremia, and hyper or hypokalemia. Monitor urine
output.
D) CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE patients with an excessive
sodium load and normal renal function may be managed
with a diuretic such as furosemide (1 mg/kg IV to a
maximum of 40 mg).
E) SEIZURES: Administer a benzodiazepine IV; DIAZEPAM
(ADULT: 5 to 10 mg, repeat every 10 to 15 min as needed.
CHILD: 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg, repeat every 5 min as needed)
or LORAZEPAM (ADULT: 2 to 4 mg; CHILD: 0.05 to 0.1
mg/kg).
1) Consider phenobarbital if seizures recur after diazepam
30 mg (adults) or 10 mg (children > 5 years).
2) Monitor for hypotension, dysrhythmias, respiratory
depression, and need for endotracheal intubation.
Evaluate for hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances,
hypoxia.
F) HYPOTENSION: Infuse 10 to 20 mL/kg isotonic fluid. If
hypotension persists, administer dopamine (5 to 20
mcg/kg/min) or norepinephrine (ADULT: begin infusion at
0.5 to 1 mcg/min; CHILD: begin infusion at 0.1
mcg/kg/min); titrate to desired response.
G) ATROPINE: ADULT DOSE: BRADYCARDIA: 0.5 to 1 mg IV every
5 min. ASYSTOLE: 1 mg IV every 5 min. Maximum total dose
3 mg or 0.04 mg/kg. Minimum single dose 0.5 mg.
PEDIATRIC DOSE: 0.02 mg/kg IV repeat every 5 min,
minimum single dose 0.1 mg; maximum single dose child
0.5 mg, adolescent 1 mg; maximum total dose 1 mg child,
2 mg adolescent.
H) Hemodialysis may be necessary to rapidly correct
hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in severe cases.
0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE
A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist
ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled
beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids.
0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE
A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of room temperature water for at least 15
minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or
photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a
health care facility.
0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE
A) OVERVIEW
1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation or
pain persists.
Range of Toxicity:
A) Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperosmolarity
developed in a 10 kg toddler following ingestion of 60 mL
of a buffered sodium biphosphate and sodium phosphate
solution.
B) A premature infant developed hyperphosphatemia, and
subsequently died, after inadvertently receiving 341 mg
of sodium phosphate.
[Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO,
2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds):
TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume
122, edition expires Nov, 2004.]**PEER REVIEWED**
Antidote and Emergency Treatment:
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of
respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if needed. Administer oxygen by
nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if
necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush
eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during
transport ... . Do not use emetics. Activated charcoal is not effective. For ingestion, rinse
mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can
swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize
because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after
decontamination ... . /Inorganic Acids and Related Compounds/
[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd
ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994. 149]**PEER REVIEWED**
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control
in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Early intubation, at the first
signs of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation
techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and
treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open",
minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for
signs of pulmonary edema. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid
cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary
edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously.
Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for
signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... .
/Inorganic Acids and Related compounds/
[Bronstein, A.C., P.L. Currance; Emergency Care for Hazardous Materials Exposure. 2nd
ed. St. Louis, MO. Mosby Lifeline. 1994. 149]**PEER REVIEWED**
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
DISODIUM PHOSPHATE GIVEN INTRACEREBROVENTRICULARLY (ICV) IN
RATS ELICITED A SYNDROME CHARACTERIZED BY BEHAVIORAL & EEG
ACTIVATION, STEREOTYPES, HYPERRESPONSIVENESS, & ANALGESIA.
[LABELLA F ET AL; DEV NEUROSCI (AMSTERDAM) 4 (CHARACT FUNCT
OPIOIDS): 361-2 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Tested on rabbit eyes by continuous exposure for three hours as 0.1 M solution at pH 7.0
to 7.5 made up to 0.46 osmolar with sodium chloride or sucrose, caused no disturbance of
the cornea.
[Clayton, G.D., F.E. Clayton (eds.) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Volumes
2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 2F: Toxicology. 4th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc.,
1993-1994. 841]**PEER REVIEWED**
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral 17 g/kg
[Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3.
New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 2989]**PEER REVIEWED**
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Metabolism/Metabolites:
In the body, phosphorus is converted to phosphates. /Phosphorus/
[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology:
Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982.
2122]**PEER REVIEWED**
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
... PHOSPHATES (DIBASIC & MONOBASIC SODIUM PHOSPHATE) ARE
SLOWLY & INCOMPLETELY ABSORBED. /DIBASIC & MONOBASIC SODIUM
PHOSPHATE/
[Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, R.P. Smith, and M.N. Gleason. Clinical Toxicology of
Commercial Products. 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1976.,p. II-83]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Net phosphorus absorption may occur in the small intestine in some species but is
primarily a function of the colon in horses. /Phosphorus/
[Booth, N.H., L.E. McDonald (eds.). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 5th ed.
Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1982.,p. 640]**PEER REVIEWED**
Urinary excretion, the chief mode of elimination, is largely an organic and inorganic
phosphate. /Phosphorus/
[Clayton, G. D. and F. E. Clayton (eds.). Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology:
Volume 2A, 2B, 2C: Toxicology. 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley Sons, 1981-1982.
2122]**PEER REVIEWED**
/Ortho/ phosphate is absorbed from, and to a limited extent secreted into, the
gastrointestinal tract. Transport of phosphate from the gut lumen is an active, energydependent process that is modified by several factors. ... Vitamin D stimulates phosphate
absorption, an effect reported to precede its action on calcium ion transport. In adults,
about two thirds of the ingested phosphate is absorbed, and that which is absorbed is
almost entirely excreted into the urine. In growing children, phosphate balance is
positive. Concentrations of phosphate in plasma are higher in children than in adults. This
"hyperphosphatemia" decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and is
hypothesized to explain the physiological "anemia" of childhood. /Phosphates/
[Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, A.G. Goodman (eds.).
Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 1524]**PEER REVIEWED**
Mechanism of Action:
... /PROMOTES/ DEFECATION BY RETAINING WATER IN THE INTESTINAL
LUMEN THROUGH OSMOTIC FORCES. ... MAY ALSO ACT BY STIMULATING
RELEASE OF CHOLECYSTOKININ. /SODIUM PHOSPHATE & SODIUM
BIPHOSPHATE (FLEET'S ENEMA & FLEET'S PHOSPHO-SODA)/
[Miller, R. R., and D. J. Greenblatt. Handbook of Drug Therapy. New York: Elsevier
North Holland, 1979. 1055]**PEER REVIEWED**
Once phosphate gains access to the body fluids and tissues, it exerts little
pharmacological effect. If the ion is introduced into the intestine, the absorbed phosphate
is rapidly excreted. If large amounts are given by this route, much of it may escape
absorption. Because this property leads to a cathartic action, phosphate salts are
employed as mild laxatives. Inorganic phosphate poisoning following ingestion of
laxatives that contain phosphate salts has been reported in adults and children. Ingestion
of large amounts of sodium dihydrogen phosphate lowers urinary pH. If excessive
phosphate salts are introduced intravenously or orally, they may prove toxic by reducing
the concentration of Ca 2+ in the circulation and from the precipitation of calcium
phosphate in soft tissues. /Phosphates/
[Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, A.G. Goodman (eds.).
Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 1525]**PEER REVIEWED**
Interactions:
EXCEPT FOR D-THYROXINE, THE HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENTS
TESTED DID NOT PREVENT THE FORMATION OF CARDIAC LESIONS IN RATS
ON A THROMBOGENIC DIET, BEING TREATED WITH LARGE DOSES OF
DISODIUM PHOSPHATE.
[SAVOIE LL; PATHOL-BIOL 20 (19-20): 751-5 (1972)]**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM PHOSPHATE INCREASED THE ANTIRACHITIC ACTIVITY OF
VITAMIN D3 IN 3 WEEK OLD RATS.
[PACZEK K, WARDYNSKA H; ACTA POL PHARM 32 (6): 717-19 (1975)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Pharmacology:
Therapeutic Uses:
Cathartics
[National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings online file (MeSH,
1999)]**QC REVIEWED**
SODIUM PHOSPHATE IS ... HYDRAGOGUE CATHARTIC WHICH IS NOT AS
DRASTIC IN ACTION AS MAGNESIUM SULFATE. IT ACTS USUALLY WITHIN
1 HR AFTER ADMIN.
[American Hospital Formulary Service. Volumes I and II. Washington, DC: American
Society of Hospital Pharmacists, to 1984.,p. 56:12]**PEER REVIEWED**
DRIED SODIUM PHOSPHATE /NATIONAL FORMULARY/ ... SALINE
CATHARTIC. IT IS USED CHIEFLY IN FORM OF EFFERVESCENT SODIUM
PHOSPHATE FOR WHICH PURPOSE IT SHOULD BE FRESHLY DRIED ... .
/DRIED SODIUM PHOSPHATE/
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHATE SALTS ARE RELATIVELY PLEASANT TASTING. THE MOST
FREQUENTLY EMPLOYED PREPN IS SODIUM PHOSPHATES ORAL SOLUTION
... USP. /SODIUM PHOSPHATE ORAL SOLN/
[Hardman, J.G., L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, A.G. Goodman (eds.).
Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 921]**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM PHOSPHATES ENEMA, USP, IS EMPLOYED FOR RECTAL ADMIN.
/SODIUM PHOSPHATES ENEMA/
[Gilman, A. G., L. S. Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc. 1980. 1005]**PEER REVIEWED**
EFFERVESCENT SODIUM PHOSPHATE, USP, & OTHER SALINE CATHARTICS
THAT CONTAIN TARTRATES ARE PLEASANT-TASTING AGENTS. HOWEVER,
THERE IS INSUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO ESTABLISH SAFE & EFFECTIVE
DOSAGE FOR THE TARTRATES. /EFFERVESCENT SODIUM PHOSPHATE/
[Gilman, A. G., L. S. Goodman, and A. Gilman. (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc. 1980. 1005]**PEER REVIEWED**
VET: AS A LAXATIVE IT IS MILDER THAN SODIUM SULFATE ... & IT IS USED
WITH THE MONOSODIUM PHOSPHORUS FORM AS AN ENEMA IN CATS &
DOGS.
[Rossoff, I.S. Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. New York: Springer Publishing Company,
1974. 544]**PEER REVIEWED**
ONE OF THE MOST PLEASANT OF SALINE CATHARTICS, BEING AN
EFFERVESCENT MIXTURE WHICH COMBINES CATHARTIC ACTION OF THE
PHOSPHATE & TARTRATE IONS. /EFFERVESCENT SODIUM PHOSPHATE/
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
DOSAGE: USUAL, RECTAL, 120 ML. USUAL, PEDIATRIC, RECTAL, DOSAGE
NOT ESTABLISHED IN CHILDREN UNDER 2 YR OF AGE, OVER 2 YR...60 ML.
/SODIUM PHOSPHATE & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE ENEMA/
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
VET: FOR SMALL ANIMALS: A DISPOSABLE PHOSPHATE ENEMA FOR
EFFECTIVELY CLEANSING THE LOWER BOWEL WITHOUT IRRITATING
DELICATE MEMBRANES. ESP USEFUL IN CAT HAIRBALL, ATONIC COLON,
POST-VERMIFUGE & PREPN FOR ABDOMINAL SURGERY, SPAYING &
DIAGNOSTIC X-RAYS OF INTESTINAL TRACT. /FLEET VETERINARY ENEMA/
[Aronson, C.E. (ed.). Veterinary Pharmaceuticals & Biologicals, 1980-1981. Media, Pa.:
Harwal Publishing Co., 1980.,p. 16/244]**PEER REVIEWED**
Drug Warnings:
THIS PHOSPHATE SHOULD NOT BE CONFUSED WITH TRIBASIC SODIUM
PHOSPHATE WHICH IS VERY ALKALINE & HAS CAUSTIC ACTION.
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
Oral administration is safer, but careful monitoring of serum electrolyte levels and renal
function is necessary. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur and may be dose
dependent. Concomitant use of antacids containing aluminum and/or magnesium should
be avoided, because they may bind phosphate and prevent it absorption (calcium antacids
also may bind phosphate, and it is assumed that these agents are not given to
hypercalcemic patients). /Monobasic or dibasic sodium or potassium phosphate/
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 897]**PEER REVIEWED**
Phosphate should not be given to patients with impaired renal function or
hyperphosphatemia. They should not be given to patients with alkaline urine due to
urinary tract infections because increased calcium and phosphate concentrations in the
alkaline urine increase the risk of calcium phosphate stones. /Monobasic or dibasic
sodium or potassium phosphate/
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 897]**PEER REVIEWED**
Interactions:
EXCEPT FOR D-THYROXINE, THE HYPOCHOLESTEROLEMIC AGENTS
TESTED DID NOT PREVENT THE FORMATION OF CARDIAC LESIONS IN RATS
ON A THROMBOGENIC DIET, BEING TREATED WITH LARGE DOSES OF
DISODIUM PHOSPHATE.
[SAVOIE LL; PATHOL-BIOL 20 (19-20): 751-5 (1972)]**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM PHOSPHATE INCREASED THE ANTIRACHITIC ACTIVITY OF
VITAMIN D3 IN 3 WEEK OLD RATS.
[PACZEK K, WARDYNSKA H; ACTA POL PHARM 32 (6): 717-19 (1975)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Drug Idiosyncrasies:
The most common adverse effect of phosphate salts is diarrhea. Patients with kidney
stones may pass old stones when phosphate therapy is started and should be warned of
this possibility. Phosphates are contraindicated in patients with infected stones and in
those with renal function less than 30% of normal. /Orthophosphates/
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 584]**PEER REVIEWED**
Bionecessity:
Phosphate is a major intracellular anion which participates in providing energy for
metabolism of substances and contributes to important metabolic and enzymatic reactions
in almost all organs and tissues. Phosphate exerts a modifying influence on calcium
concentrations, a buffering effect on acid-base equilibrium, and has a major role in the
renal excretion of hydrogen ions. /Phosphate/
[McEvoy, G.K. (ed.). AHFS Drug Information 90. Bethesda, MD: American Society of
Hospital Pharmacists, Inc., 1990 (Plus Supplements 1990). 1420]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Phosphate as nutrient is also a limiting factor to plant growth. /Phosphate/
[Seiler, H.G., H. Sigel and A. Sigel (eds.). Handbook on the Toxicity of Inorganic
Compounds. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1988. 527]**PEER REVIEWED**
For /adults/ approximately 200 to 400 mg (6.5 to 13 mM) of phosphorus is required daily
for maintenance, but larger amounts are often needed when initiating total parenteral
nutrition to maintain the serum phosphate level above 2.5 mg/dl.
[American Medical Association, Department of Drugs. Drug Evaluations. 6th ed.
Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association, 1986. 864]**PEER REVIEWED**
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
FIFRA Requirements:
Residues of disodium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when
used as a anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural
practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.
[40 CFR 180.1001(c) (7/1/97)]**PEER REVIEWED**
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review
of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions
about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health
and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1,
1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all
pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.
Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date
of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential
for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater
concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Sodium phosphate is found on List D. Case
No: 4053; Pesticide type: Fungicide, herbicide, antimicrobial; Case Status: None of the
active ingredients in the case are being supported for reregistration by their registrants.
All are unsupported, or some are unsupported and some are cancelled. Cases described as
"unsupported" generally are being processed for cancellation.; Active ingredient (AI):
Sodium phosphate; AI Status: The active ingredient is no longer contained in any
registered pesticide products ... "cancelled."
[USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review
p.318 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**QC REVIEWED**
Acceptable Daily Intakes:
FAO/WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON FOOD
ADDITIVES...RECOMMENDED.../LEVELS/ FOR TOTAL DIETARY
PHOSPHORUS...UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF LESS THAN 30
MG/KG BODY WT/ IS CONSIDERED SAFE IN ANY TYPE OF
DIET...CONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE LEVEL /OF 30-70 MG/KG BODY WT/ IS
ACCEPTABLE ONLY WHEN DIETARY CALCIUM LEVEL IS HIGH
/PHOSPHATES/
[Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical
Rubber Co., 1972. 641]**PEER REVIEWED**
CERCLA Reportable Quantities:
Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response
Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous
substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270
kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C.
metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required
is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
[54 FR 33419 (8/14/89)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response
Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous
substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 5000 lb or 2270
kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C.
metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required
is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).
[40 CFR 302.4 (7/1/97)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Clean Water Act Requirements:
Designated as a hazardous substance under section 311(b)(2)(A) of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act and further regulated by the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1977
and 1978. These regulations apply to discharges of this substance.
[40 CFR 116.4 (7/1/90)]**QC REVIEWED**
FDA Requirements:
Disodium phosphate used as a sequestrant in food for human consumption is generally
recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice.
[21 CFR 182.6290 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Disodium phosphate used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is
generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or
feeding practice.
[21 CFR 582.6290 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a multiple purpose food substance in
food for human consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance
with good manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
[21 CFR 182.1778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a dietary supplement food for human
consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good
manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
[21 CFR 182.5778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequesterant in food for human
consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good
manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
[21 CFR 182.6778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a nutrient in food for human
consumption is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good
manufacturing practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
[21 CFR 182.8778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a general purpose food additive
animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in
accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-,
& tribasic/
[21 CFR 582.1778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in
animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in
accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-,
& tribasic)/
[21 CFR 582.5778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic) used as a sequestrant in animal drugs, feeds,
and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good
manufacturing or feeding practice. /Sodium phosphate (mono-, di-, & tribasic)/
[21 CFR 582.6778 (4/1/97]**PEER REVIEWED**
Allowable Tolerances:
Residues of disodium phosphate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when
used as an anticaking agent or conditioning agent in accordance with good agricultural
practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to
growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest.
[40 CFR 180.1001(c) (7/1/97)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
H3-O4-P.2Na
**PEER REVIEWED**
Molecular Weight:
141.98
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Color/Form:
Colorless, translucent crystals or while powder.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1065]**PEER REVIEWED**
Odor:
NONE
[U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.
Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Taste:
Saline taste
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1065]**PEER REVIEWED**
pH:
9.1 for 1% aq soln @ 25 deg C
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Solubilities:
Soluble in 8 parts water, much more soluble in hot water. Solubility per 100 gal water
increases from 14 lbs at slightly >0 deg C to over 900 lbs at 95 deg C. Insoluble in
alcohol.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Other Chemical/Physical Properties:
Converted to sodium pyrophosphate @ about 240 deg C.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1065]**PEER REVIEWED**
MONOCLINIC PRISMS; 104 G SOL IN 100 CC WATER @ 40 DEG C. /DISODIUM
PHOSPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Press Inc., 1988-1989.,p. B-132]**PEER REVIEWED**
LOSES 5H2O @ 48 DEG C. /DISODIUM PHOSPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE/
[Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis, Sr. (eds.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11th ed.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1987. 1069]**PEER REVIEWED**
COLORLESS, RHOMBIC OR MONOCLINIC, WHITE POWDER; 87.4 G SOL IN 100
CC WATER @ 80 DEG C; INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.432, 1.436, 1.437;
EFFLORESCENT. /DISODIUM PHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATE/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Press Inc., 1988-1989.,p. B-132]**PEER REVIEWED**
Loses 12H2O @ 100 deg C. /Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate/
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1066]**PEER REVIEWED**
RHOMBIC BISPHEROIDAL CRYSTALS; 100 G SOL IN 100 CC WATER @ 50 DEG
C; 117 G SOL IN 100 CC WATER @ 80 DEG C; INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.463.
/DISODIUM PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Press Inc., 1988-1989.,p. B-132]**PEER REVIEWED**
Loses H2O @ 92.5 deg C; Specific gravity: 2.066 @ 15 deg C. /Disodium phosphate
dihydrate/
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1066]**PEER REVIEWED**
100 g sol in 100 ml water @ 50 deg C; 117 g sol in 100 ml water @ 80 deg C. /Disodium
phosphate dihydrate/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Press Inc., 1988-1989.,p. B-132]**PEER REVIEWED**
87.4 g sol in 100 ml water @ 34 deg C. /Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate/
[Weast, R.C. (ed.) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 69th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC
Press Inc., 1988-1989.,p. B-132]**PEER REVIEWED**
Hygroscopic. On exposure to air will absorb from 2 to 7 mols of water depending on the
temperature and humidity.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Crystals or granular powder. Stable in the air. Specific gravity 1.7. Soluble in 4 parts
water, more soluble in boiling water; practically insoluble in alcohol. The aqueous
solution is alkaline, pH=9.5. /Heptahydrate/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Translucent crystals or granules; readily loses 5 mols of water on exposure to air at
ordinary temp. Melting point 34-35 deg C (when it contains the full 12 mols of H2O).
Specific gravity 1.5. Soluble in 3 parts water; practically insoluble in alcohol. Aqueous
solution is alkaline, pH=9.5. /Dodecahydrate/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Skin, Eye and Respiratory Irritations:
Dust: Irritating to eyes, nose and throat. If inhaled will cause coughing or difficult
breathing. Solid: Irritating to skin and eyes.
[U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.
Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Fire Potential:
NOT FLAMMABLE
[U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.
Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Firefighting Hazards:
Behavior in fire: May melt with loss of steam. /Sodium Phosphates/
[U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS - Hazardous Chemical Data.
Volume II. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984-5.]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Hazardous Decomposition:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of phosphoxides and sodium oxide.
[Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3.
New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 2989]**PEER REVIEWED**
WHEN HEATED TO DECOMP, CAN EMIT HIGHLY TOXIC FUMES OF PO(X).
[Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3.
New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996. 2989]**PEER REVIEWED**
Protective Equipment & Clothing:
Respiratory protection (supplied-air respirator with full facepiece or self-contained
breathing apparatus) should be available where these compounds are manufactured or
used and should be worn in case of emergency and overexposure. /Phosphorus
compounds/
[International Labour Office. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Vols.
I&II. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office, 1983. 1684]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Preventive Measures:
SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The
benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the
substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and
duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of
the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive
properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In
those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye
protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
**PEER REVIEWED**
Stability/Shelf Life:
ON EXPOSURE TO AIR, IT ABSORBS 2-7 MOLES WATER DEPENDING ON
HUMIDITY & TEMP.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 1239]**PEER REVIEWED**
STABLE IN AIR. /DISODIUM PHOSPHATE HEPTAHYDRATE/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 1239]**PEER REVIEWED**
READILY LOSES 5 MOLS WATER ON EXPOSURE TO AIR @ ORDINARY TEMP.
/DISODIUM PHOSPHATE DODECAHYDRATE/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 1239]**PEER REVIEWED**
Storage Conditions:
KEEP WELL CLOSED & IN COOL PLACE. /DISODIUM PHOSPHATE
DODECAHYDRATE/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and
Biologicals. Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1989. 1239]**PEER REVIEWED**
Disposal Methods:
SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill)
disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal
of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory
agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.
**PEER REVIEWED**
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
For Disodium phosphate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 076403) there are 0 labels
match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may
change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for
currently approved uses./
[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical
Ingredients Database on Disodium phosphate (7558-79-4). Available from the Database
Query page at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/epa/epamenu.htm as of October 24,
2002.]**QC REVIEWED**
The active ingredient is no longer contained in any registered pesticide products ...
"cancelled."
[USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review
p.318 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**QC REVIEWED**
Alone or combined with monosodium phosphate is used to make starch for instant
puddings and pie fillings.
[Toy ADF, Walsh EN; Phosphorus Chemistry in Everyday Living 2nd ed p.55
(1987)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Emulsifier (processed cheese, quick-cook cereals, pharmaceuticals); metal
phosphatising/electroplating reagent); pottery glazes/porcelain/enamels; scale inhibitor
(boiling water treatment); textile/leather auxiliary.
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England:
Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994. 363]**PEER REVIEWED**
As sequestrant, emulsifier and buffer in foods. As mordant in dyeing; for weighting silk;
in tanning; in manufacture of enamels, ceramics, detergents, boiler compounds; as
fireproofing agent; in soldering and brazing instead of borax; as reagent and buffer in
analytical chemistry.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
THERAP CAT: Cathartic.; THERAP CAT (VET): Laxative.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Manufacturers:
FBC Industries Inc., 500 E. Remington Rd, Suite 300, Schaumburg, IL 60173, (847) 8390880. Production site: Rochelle, IL 61068 /food grade/
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International 1997.. 894]**PEER REVIEWED**
FMC Corporation, Chemical Products Group, Alkali Chemicals Division, Phosporus
Chemicals Division, Hq, 200 East Randolph Drive, Chicago, IL 60601 (312) 861-6000.
Production sites: Green River, WY 82935 Lawrence, KS 66044
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International 1997.. 894]**PEER REVIEWED**
Heico Chemicals, Inc., Route 611, P.O. Box 160, Delaware Water Gap, PA 18327, (717)
420-3900 /reagent grade/
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International 1997.. 894]**PEER REVIEWED**
Hydrite Chemical Co., Hq, Drawer No. 0948, Brookfield, WI 53008-0948, (414) 7921450. Production sites: Milwaukee, WI 53223; Terre Haute, IN 47802; Waterloo, IA
50703
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International 1997.. 895]**PEER REVIEWED**
Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc., 222 Red School Lane, Phillipsburg, NJ 08865, (908) 85992151. Production sites: Phillipsburg, NJ 08865, St. Louis, MO 63147
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International 1997.. 895]**PEER REVIEWED**
Rhone-Poulenc Inc., Chemical Sector, Hq, CN 5266, Princeton, NJ 08543-5266, (908)
297-1597. Production sites: Chicago, IL 60627; Chicago Heights, IL 60411; Morrisville
PA 19067; Nashville, TN 37202
[SRI. 1997 Directory of Chemical Producers -United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International 1997.. 895]**PEER REVIEWED**
Methods of Manufacturing:
By precipitating calcium carbonate from a soln of dicalcium phosphate with soda ash.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1066]**PEER REVIEWED**
By treating phosphoric acid with a slight excess of soda ash, boiling the solution to drive
off carbon dioxide and cooling to permit the dodecahydrate to crystallize.
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1066]**PEER REVIEWED**
General Manufacturing Information:
Incompatibilities: incompatible /with/ alkaloids, antipyrine, chloral hydrate, lead acetate,
pyrogallol, resorcinol.
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
ADDITION OF DSP TO PICKLE /SOLN FOR CURED MEAT/ ... HAD NO EFFECT
ON ... STAPHYLOCOCCI.
[Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical
Rubber Co., 1972. 714]**PEER REVIEWED**
... GELLING STRENGTH OF AGAR GEL WAS SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED BY
ADDITION OF 0.12-0.3% DSP.
[Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical
Rubber Co., 1972. 690]**PEER REVIEWED**
... INCREASES BINDING PROPERTIES OF FISH PROTEINS ... .
[Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical
Rubber Co., 1972. 726]**PEER REVIEWED**
ADDITION OF DSP TO CLARIFIED SUGAR CANE JUICE AT LEVELS OF 0.010.05% REDUCED HYDROLYSIS OF THE SUGARS & THUS REDUCED
CARAMELIZATION, WHICH LEADS TO DARK-COLORED RAW SUGAR.
[Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical
Rubber Co., 1972. 756]**PEER REVIEWED**
... FOUND TO BE EFFECTIVE AGAINST SALMONELLA TYPHOSA,
ESCHERICHIA COLI & STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS. /DISODIUM
PHOSPHATE DIHYDRATE/
[Furia, T.E. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd ed. Cleveland: The Chemical
Rubber Co., 1972. 739]**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
SODIUM PHOSPHATE & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE ENEMA USP ... DOSAGE
FORMS-- ENEMA USP: 6% SODIUM PHOSPHATE & 16% SODIUM
BIPHOSPHATE; SODIUM PHOSPHATE & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE ORAL SOLN
USP ... DOSAGE FORMS-- SOLN USP: 18% SODIUM PHOSPHATE & 48%
SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE.
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sorensen's phosphate, Sorensen's sodium phosphate. /Disodium phosphate dihydrate/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
FLEET'S ENEMA: SOLN (SODIUM PHOSPHATE 6 G & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE
16 G). FLEET'S PHOSPHO-SODA: (SODIUM PHOSPHATE 18 G & SODIUM
BIPHOSPHATE 48 G).
[Miller, R. R., and D. J. Greenblatt. Handbook of Drug Therapy. New York: Elsevier
North Holland, 1979. 1056]**PEER REVIEWED**
Grade: Commercial, NF /National formulary grade of chemical/ (sodium phosphate,
dibasic anhydrous and heptahydrate), FCC /Food chemicals Codex/ (sodium phosphate,
dibasic anhydrous or dihydrate)
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1066]**PEER REVIEWED**
Available as anhydrous or dihydric salts.
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England:
Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994. 363]**PEER REVIEWED**
Consumption Patterns:
57-67% AS A FOOD ADDITIVE, MAINLY AS AN EMULSIFIER IN PROCESSED
CHEESE; 24-29% AS AN INDUSTRIAL & INSTITUTIONAL DETERGENT
BUILDER & IN WATER TREATMENT; 10-14% IN MISC APPLICATIONS
(PHARMACEUTICALS, CATTLE FEED SUPPLEMENT, IN VARIOUS TEXTILE
PROCESSES & FOR EXPORT) (1973)
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
U. S. Production:
(1972) 1.89X10+10 GRAMS
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
(1975) 2.18X10+10 GRAMS
[SRI]**PEER REVIEWED**
(1984) 2.87X10+10 G
[BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. CURRENT INDUSTRIAL REPORTS: INORGANIC
CHEMICALS 1984 p.6]**PEER REVIEWED**
U. S. Exports:
(1984) 1.74X10+10 G /SODIUM PHOSPHATES, NSPF/
[BUREAU OF THE CENSUS. U.S. EXPORTS, SCHEDULE E, 1984 p.2-93]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Laboratory Methods:
Special References:
Special Reports:
WHO; Diseases Caused by Phosphorus and Its Toxic Compounds; Early Detection of
Occupational Diseases pg 53-62 (1986). Review of diseases and health related effects
resulting from exposure to phosphorus or phosphorus cmpd.
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Synonyms:
ACETEST
**PEER REVIEWED**
DIBASIC SODIUM PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM ACID ORTHOPHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM ACID PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM HYDROPHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
DISODIUM PHOSPHORIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
DSP
**PEER REVIEWED**
Pesticide Code: 076403
**QC REVIEWED**
EXSICCATED SODIUM PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
FEMA NUMBER 2398.
**PEER REVIEWED**
NATRIUMPHOSPHAT (GERMAN)
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHATE OF SODA
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHOSPHORIC ACID, DISODIUM SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
SECONDARY SODIUM PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODA PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE (2:1:1)
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM ORTHOPHOSPHATE, SECONDARY
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM PHOSPHATE (NA2HPO4)
**PEER REVIEWED**
Associated Chemicals:
Disodium phosphate heptahydrate;7782-85-6
Disodium phosphate dodecahydrate;10039-32-4
Formulations/Preparations:
SODIUM PHOSPHATE & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE ENEMA USP ... DOSAGE
FORMS-- ENEMA USP: 6% SODIUM PHOSPHATE & 16% SODIUM
BIPHOSPHATE; SODIUM PHOSPHATE & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE ORAL SOLN
USP ... DOSAGE FORMS-- SOLN USP: 18% SODIUM PHOSPHATE & 48%
SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE.
[Osol, A. (ed.). Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences. 16th ed. Easton, Pennsylvania:
Mack Publishing Co., 1980. 745]**PEER REVIEWED**
Sorensen's phosphate, Sorensen's sodium phosphate. /Disodium phosphate dihydrate/
[Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and
Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996. 1481]**PEER
REVIEWED**
FLEET'S ENEMA: SOLN (SODIUM PHOSPHATE 6 G & SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE
16 G). FLEET'S PHOSPHO-SODA: (SODIUM PHOSPHATE 18 G & SODIUM
BIPHOSPHATE 48 G).
[Miller, R. R., and D. J. Greenblatt. Handbook of Drug Therapy. New York: Elsevier
North Holland, 1979. 1056]**PEER REVIEWED**
Grade: Commercial, NF /National formulary grade of chemical/ (sodium phosphate,
dibasic anhydrous and heptahydrate), FCC /Food chemicals Codex/ (sodium phosphate,
dibasic anhydrous or dihydrate)
[Lewis, R.J., Sr (Ed.). Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 12th ed. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Rheinhold Co., 1993 1066]**PEER REVIEWED**
Available as anhydrous or dihydric salts.
[Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England:
Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994. 363]**PEER REVIEWED**
Standard Transportation Number:
49 663 80; Sodium phosphate, dibasic
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 376
Last Revision Date: 20030305
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 1/31/1999
Update History:
Complete Update on 03/05/2003, 3 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 08/08/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/13/2000, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/03/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/28/1999, 38 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/01/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/11/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/26/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/12/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 12/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/05/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/25/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/12/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 09/10/1991, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 12/29/1989, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 10/14/1986