SELECTED DEFINITION OF
FAVOURABLE CONSERVATION STATUS
OF BIRDS (AVES)
Glaucidium passerinum
1. General species characteristics
System classification:
 Phylum: Chordata
 Class: Aves
 Order: Strigiformes
 Family: Strigidae
 Genus: Glaucidium
Distribution area:
 Total distribution area: ca. 8 200 000 km2 (del Hoyo, Elliott, Sargatal, eds. 1999) evaluated approximately
according to the distribution map. Coniferous forest (taiga) from Scandinavia through Baltic countries and Eastern
Poland, Belarus, European part of Russia and Siberia up to Sachalin, a coherent stripe of width 600-1000 km. In
addition to it in Europe in Carpathians, Alps and Alpine foothills, Central Germany, Czech Republic and insular
(dispersal) distribution in Balkan and Greece (Hagemeijer, Blair (ed.), 1997, del Hoyo, Elliott, Sargatal, eds.
1999).
 Distribution area in Slovakia: 20 856 km2 evaluated approximately according to the distribution map (Danko,
Darolová, Krištín (eds.), 2002). (It is less than 1% of total DA)
Main habitats: open coniferous and mixed forests of taiga and montane type, often stands with fir, spruce, often in
mixture with beech (Carpathians), poplar, birch (taiga) and other broadleaved trees. In Slovakia, it occurs in coniferous
and mixed forests from 400 asl in central and eastern Slovakia up to the upper forest limit.
Conservation status of the species:
National: NE (not evaluated)
Other: not globally endangered, CITES II, non-SPEC species
Classification within national and international legislation: Order of MoE SR No. 24/2003, Annex I BD, Annex II
Bern Convention, CITES II
2.
Definition of favourable conservation status
Evaluation criteria
Population
1.1. Population size /
population density
FAVOURABLE STATUS
A–
B–
Good
Average
In SR more than 2000
In SR 1500-2000 BP
breeding pairs (BP)
Population density within
mountain range
50-100 terit./100 km2 and
more
Population density within
locality 0,5-1 terit./km2 and
more
UNFAVOURABLE
STATUS
C–
Unfavourable
In SR less than 1500 BP
Population density within
mountain range
1-50 terit./100 km2
Population density within
mountain range
less than 1 terit./100 km2
Population density within
locality 0,1-0,5 terit./km2
Population density within
locality less than 0,1 terit./10
km2
National population increased National population is stable or
National population
of more than 20%
slightly fluctuates (+20%)
decreased > 20% and more
1.2. Population trend
Population within a locality Population within a locality is Population within a locality
increased of more than 20% stable or slightly fluctuates
decreased > 20% and more
(+20%)
25-33% of the area of SR
Less than 25% of the area of
1.3. Distribution area 33-35% of the area of SR
SR
size
DA increases
DA is stable or slowly
DA declines of more than
increases
10%
1.4. DA trend
1
Habitat
Insignificant competition
Locally insignificant
Very strong competition with
with other species, which use competition with other species, other species, which use the
1.5. Interspecies
the hollows (Glis glis, Sitta) which use the hollows (Glis hollows (Glis glis, Sitta) or
interactions
or larger owls (esp. S. aluco, glis, Sitta) or larger owls (esp.
larger owls (esp.
less S. uralensis)
S. aluco, less S. uralensis)
S. aluco, less S. uralensis)
Presence of old, only slightly
Presence of old stands of
Old forest stand is disturbed
disturbed coniferous or
suitable species composition
over 30 % of a breeding
mixed stands of suitable
and age structure; presence of
habitat; presence of the
the woodpecker holes
clearcuts and extensive
2.1. Breeding habitat species composition (spruce,
fir, beech) and age (over 80)
young stands
structure; presence of the
woodpecker holes
Presence of open plots in the Presence of open plots in the Old forest stand is disturbed;
old stand of spruce, fir or firstands, water (brook or
presence of clearcuts,
2.2. Food habitat
beech (occasionally other standing water), different age
extensive young stands
wood species) forests, water structure of the stand – old
(brook or standing water), forest as well as dense young
different age structure of the stands; permanent pressure of
2.3. Wintering
stand – old coniferous forest felling, occasional clearcuts
habitat
as well as dense young stands
Threats
Under 20% of the distribution 20-30% of the distribution area 30-50% of the distribution
area is under the stresses
is under the stresses pressure,
area is under the strong
3.1. Threat of species pressure, e.g. overfelling,
e.g. overfelling, disturbing,
stresses pressure, e.g.
(pursuing,
disturbing, roads, ski-centres,
roads, ski-centres, noise
overfelling, disturbing, roads,
disturbance)
noise
ski-centres, noise
3.
Significant part of the forest A large-scaled deforestation A large-scaled deforestation
stands is without any
and the hollow trees (also dry and the hollow trees (also dry
3.2. Threat of habitat
interference, a large-scaled trees and snags with hollows) trees and snags with hollows)
deforestation and the hollow
elimination
elimination
trees elimination practically
occur sporadically,
occur relatively often and
do not occur
environmental-friendly ways of impacts on population are
3.3. Threat of
felling are preferred
considerable
wintering habitat
Species status final evaluation
A
B
C
Parameter
weight
3
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
1.3. Distribution area size
3
2
1
3
1.4. DA trend
3
2
1
3
1.5. Interspecies interactions
3
2
1
2
2.1. Breeding habitat
3
2
1
3
2.2. Food habitat
3
2
1
3
2.3. Wintering habitat
3.1. Threat of species (pursuing,
disturbance)
3.2. Threat of habitat
3
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
3
2
1
3
3.3. Threat of wintering habitat
3
2
Threats
Habitat
Population
Criterion
1.1. Population size / population
density
1.2. Population trend
Reached value
(status x weight)
1
3
Maximum possible value
(∑ of weights × 3)
Total reached value
Allocate the points in range 1, 2, 3
Allocate the weight in range 0, 1, 2, 3. Weight 0 use especially in case of a lack of data on particular parameter
2
Percents
A–
Good
B–
Average
C–
Unfavourable
100 – 78%
77 – 55%
54 – 33%
According to the number of appointed points please mark the relevant field with X
4.
Management measures required for maintenance of favourable conservation status
 avoid the clear-cuts
 support the environmental-friendly ways of felling, no interference into the nature reserves and protected
forests
Elaborated by: MVDr. Samuel Pačenovský
Review: RNDr. Anton Krištín, CSc.
References:
E J M HEGEMEIJER, M J BLAIR (eds) 1997: The EBCC Atlas of Breeding Birds in Europe. T&AD Poyser, London. p.
406-407
DEL HOYO, J., ELLIOTT, A., SARGATAL, J. eds., 1999: Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 5. p. 209-210
PAČENOVSKÝ, S., in: DANKO, Š., DAROLOVÁ, A., KRIŠTÍN, A., (eds.), 2002: Rozšírenie vtákov na Slovensku. p. 364366.
RYBANIČ et al., 2003: tab. Pokrytie národných populácií výberových druhov sústavou CHVÚ. (Správa SOVS o stave
spracovania národ. zoznamu CHVÚ)
RYBANIČ, R., ŠUTIAKOVÁ, T., BENKO, Š., (eds.) 2004: Významné vtáčie územia na Slovensku. Územia významné
z pohľadu Európskej únie. Spoločnosť pre ochranu vtáctva na Slovensku, Bratislava.
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