Ttle: The concept of the " The concept of the "vanishing point" is the key to atmospheric perspective. a. True *b. False Title: Futurism was an art Futurism was an art movement of the early 20th century which emphasized motion and speed. *a. True b. False Title: Mondrian-shape-paintings The paintings of Piet Mondrian emphasize organic shapes. a. True *b. False Title: Noguchi- sculptures The sculptures of Isamu Noguchi nearly always incorporate actual motion. a. True *b. False Title: Raphael The Renaissance artist Raphael was not appreciated until after his death. a. True *b. False Title: In B&W photography grays In black-and-white photography, colors are translated into many different values of gray. *a. True b. False Title: Define chiaroscuro The term "chiaroscuro" refers to blurred, hazy background forms that can give a sense of depth to a painting. a. True *b. False Title: Raphael and Michelangelo- Vatican Raphael and Michelangelo worked on paintings in the Vatican at the same time. *a. True b. False Title: Oil painting not water-soluble Oil painting is not an aqueous (water-soluble. *a. True b. False medium. Title: Fresco is not easy corrections Fresco is a convenient medium for wall paintings because it allows for easy correction when the artist makes a mistake. a. True *b. False Title: The "picture plane" The "picture plane" is the level at which paintings are hung on the wall. a. True *b. False Title: In both linear and isometric perspective In both linear and isometric perspective, forms meant to be understood as background are made smaller than forms meant to be seen as foreground. *a. True b. False Title: The School of Athens The School of Athens was an important Greek center for teaching the art of fresco painting. a. True *b. False Title: Restoration Leonardo-Last Supper When Dr. Pinan Bramibilla Barcilon finishes restoring The Last Supper, it will look almost exactly as Leonardo left it. a. True *b. False Title: Oil paint is valued Oil paint is valued for its luminous colors and quick drying. a. True *b. False Title: Joan Mitchell's brushwork Joan Mitchell's brushwork is similar to the brushwork of Andrew Wyeth. a. True *b. False Title: Goya-art types The Spanish artist Francisco de Goya is best known for his ________________________. a. portraits of the nobility b. sculptures c. prints d. collages *e. a and c Title: Synthetic paints are acrylics Synthetic paints are often referred to as polymer or acrylic paints. *a. True b. False Title: Winslow Homer used wc Winslow Homer avoided the watercolor medium, because he did not think it sufficiently "serious" for his paintings. a. True *b. False Title: Kahlo- 3 Fridas The artist Frida Kahlo used symmetrical balance in The Two Fridas to express her dual nature as ____________: a. male and female b. upper and lower class c. American and Spanish *d. European and Mexican e. schizophrenic Title: Define non-repres- non-objectve The terms non-representational, non-objective, and non-figurative refer to abstract art. a. True *b. False Title: iconography In works that contain iconography, it's usually the symbolism that offers the deepest level of meaning. *a. True b. False Title: Vermeer-17th -glazes Jan Vermeer was a 17th-century artist known for his rich, glowing colors achieved through the application of thin glazes of oil paint. a. True* b. False Title: Rauschenberg What artist created a lithograph from a collage of reproductions and commentary which commemorated the centennial of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York? a. Picasso b. Kollwitz c. Stella *d. Rauschenberg e. Kent Title: What French artist c What French artist created a series of color lithographs as posters that illustrate Parisian nightclubs and entertainers? *a. Toulouse-Lautrec b. Picasso c. Cassatt d. Nolde e. Raimondi Title: Dürer is German Albrecht Dürer was born in ____________________________. *a. Germany b. Romania c. Switzerland d. Norway e. Denmark Title: Goya left Spain worked in Paris Like Picasso, Francisco de Goya left Spain, his birth country, to live and work in Paris most of his life. a. True *b. False Title: O'Keeffe Georgia O'Keeffe was a famous painter of biblical subjects. a. True b. False* Title: Gauguin NOT spent life painting in Europe Gauguin spent all of his life painting in Europe. a. True b. False* Title: van Gogh born Holland Vincent van Gogh was born in _____________________________. *a. Holland b. France c. Spain d. Germany e. Italy Title: Shapiro-sculpt- rect wood blocks This sculptor plays with our tendency to find images in rectangular units of wood or metal assembled somewhat like children's blocks. a. Schabel b. van Gogh c. Turrell d. Matisse *e. Shapiro Title: van Gogh-Starry night An artist who created a memorable image of a French village beneath a night sky of stars was: a. Henri Matisse b. Joel Shapiro c. Herbert Vogel d. Constantin Brancusi *e. Vincent van Gogh Title: van Gogh & Gauguin- Arles Two artists who worked together in the French provincial city of Arles were: a. Dorothy and Herbert Vogel b. Matisse and Brancusi *c. van Gogh and Gauguin d. Schnabel and Weston e. Hampton and Rath Title: Rembrandt -The Polish Rider The Polish Rider, once considered an extremely valuable work, may instead have been created by Willem Drost, a pupil of this artist: a. van Gogh b. Picasso c. Reynolds *d. Rembrandt e. van Eyck Title: Goya-prints satirie-human vanity-eccentricity. Many of Goya's prints satirized human vanity and eccentricity. *a. True b. False Title: linear perspect-vp In linear perspective, parallel lines receding into the distance seem to converge, until they meet at the____________. a. focal point. b. epicenter. c. picture plane d. 10vanishing point e. perspective line Title: chiaroscuro The term "chiaroscuro" means____________. a. personal magnetism b. clarity of colors c. a hazy or misty effect *d. light/dark e. a fresco technique Title: Rauschenberg- not engrav Robert Rauschenberg is a German artist who works only in the technique of engraving. a. True *b. False Title: linear persp-diminish size In linear perspective, forms meant to be seen as farther away from the viewer are____________. a. larger *b. smaller c. higher d. lower e. lighter Title: Guernica sketches Extensive sketches and composition studies for the painting Guernica exist because of this artist's decision to save his sketches as "glimpses" into the creative process. a. Degas b. Ingres *c. Picasso d. Daumier e. Gehry Title: Dürer travel Italy Albrecht Dürer traveled and worked in Italy and was later appointed court painter to the Holy Roman Emperor. *a. True b. False Title: Rembrandt- print-paint Rembrandt is famed as both a printmaker and a painter. a. True* b. False Title: Toulouse-Lautrec litho Toulouse-Lautrec's lithographs have complex subject matter and were meant to appeal primarily to intellectuals. a. True b. False* Title: Picasso –born Spain Pablo Picasso was born in ______________________________. a. Italy b. France c. Germany d. Brazil *e. Spain Title: Theo van Gogh earned Theo van Gogh earned his living as a(n) ____________________________. a. painter b. sculptor *c. art dealer d. psychiatrist e. historian Title: Ingres pencil drwg The French artist Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was considered a great master of drawings, especially portraits, done in ____________________________. a. pen and ink b. watercolor *c. pencil d. pen and wash e. pastel Title: iconography-story-symbol The story and symbols in a work of art make up its\: ________________________ a. anthropomorphism b. representation *c. iconography d. iconoclasm e. synthesism Title: Warhol - Pop Andy Warhol is associated with the art movement known as _________________________. *a. Pop Art b. Abstract Expressionism c. Neo-Expressionism d. Post-Modernism e. Renaissance Naturalism Title: J Reynolds-romant Engl portrait The artist Joshua Reynolds is associated with the romantic style of English portraiture in the 18th century. *a. True b. False Title: prep drwg fresco cartoon The preparatory drawing for a fresco is called a ____________. a. sketch b. mural c. mockup *d. cartoon e. tempera Title: Fresco define Fresco can best be defined as____________. a. a method of painting that employs hot wax b. a watercolor *c. a method of painting in wet plaster d. a type of oil painting e. a printmaking technique Title: Kollwitz In a time when most artists were men and mainly sculpture and painting were the media of art, this Prussian-born female artist concentrated on prints and drawings in black and white. Who was this artist? a. Julian Schnabel *b. Käthe Kollwitz c. Dominique Ingres d. Basho e. Elise Engler Title: Rembrandt drwg not crude Because Rembrandt used a stiff reed pen for drawing, his style is rather crude and gives little sense of form. a. True *b. False Title: Picasso Guernica many sketches Picasso made a great many preliminary drawings for his famous painting Guernica. *a. True b. False Title: Leonardo advised drw nature Leonardo da Vinci advised artists in his Treatise on Painting never to sketch from life or nature. a. True *b. False Title: Van Eyck Arnolfini iconography Van Eyck's painting "The Arnolfini Wedding" contains iconography related to the era and culture in which the work was created. *a. True b. False Title: van Gogh – Gauguin-together Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin worked in France at the same time, but they never met. a. True *b. False Title: Rembrandt ques authorship The Rembrandt Research Project has questioned the authorship of many paintings once thought to be by Rembrandt. *a. True b. False Title: Kollwitz Prep drwgs Käthe Kollwitz was a famous German painter who seldom used preparatory drawings. a. True *b. False Title: Abstract artists may draw well Most artists who paint in an abstract or nonrepresentational style do so because they cannot draw well. a. True *b. False Title: Warhol-lees quality after shot Andy Warhol's art seemed to many observers to lose its edge and excitement after a woman shot and nearly killed him. *a. True b. False Title: Felix Gonzalez' viewers take part of work Felix Gonzalez' works are unusual because viewers are encouraged to take portions of the works. a. True* b. False Title: contrapposto-s curve The word ____________ is used to describe sculptures in which the figure is portrayed in a natural, relaxed, S-curve suggestive of motion. a. frontality b. sinuous c. flexible d. relief *e. contrapposto Title: Casting sculp method The sculptural method that generally involves the use replacement of a non-permanent material such as clay, wax, or plaster with molten (superheated. metal is called____________. a. modeling b. carving c. assembling *d. casting e. equestrian Title: environmental sculpture The term "environmental sculpture" refers to _______________________. a. sculptures you can walk into and through b. sculptures displayed outdoors c. sculptures that are part of the natural landscape *d. all of these e. a and b only Title: Moore-Engl-abstract figures Which 20th-century English artist sculpts abstract human forms to explore the body's visual harmonies with landscape? a. Red Grooms b. Christo *c. Henry Moore d. Jeff Koons e. Alexander Calder Title: patina ____________is the term used to describe the desirable surface color that metal sculptures acquire over time when they are exposed to the weather. a. rust b. panache c. gilding *d. patina e. glaze Title: mobile has motion A mobile is a sculpture that ___________________________. a. can be exhibited outdoors *b. incorporates motion c. is made from metal d. should best be viewed from all sides e. deals with the family Title: vp not key to atmos perspect The concept of the "vanishing point" is the key to atmospheric perspective. a. True b. False* Title: Casting The sculptural method that generally involves the use of molten (superheated. _________________. a. modeling metal is called b. carving c. assembling *d. casting e. equestrian Title: Picasso many styles Pablo Picasso worked in many styles, from the highly abstract to the naturalistic. a. True* b. False Title: Fresco wet plaster Fresco can best be defined as _________________________________. a. a method of painting that employs hot wax b. a watercolor *c. a method of painting in wet plaster d. a type of oil painting e. a printmaking technique Title: Quinten Massays- Grotesque Old Woman Quinten Massays painted Grotesque Old Woman to satirize pride, vanity, and human folly. *a. True b. False Title: "Pietà defined "Pietà," a standard subject in Christian art, depicts the mother of Jesus holding her son's body. *a. True b. False T Title: Theo van Gogh Theo van Gogh was Vincent van Gogh's father. a. True *b. False Title: Picasso-Guernica The painting called Guernica was made by _________________________. a. Paul Cézanne b. Jacob Lawrence c. Robert Rauschenberg *d. Pablo Picasso e. Honore Daumier Title: Abakanowicz Polish repeat bodies The Polish sculptor Magdalena Abakanowicz is best known for complex works featuring the repetition of many __________________________. a. boxes b. curves c. geometric shapes *d. parts of human bodies e. cast elements from the sea Title: Cellini not life size Shakespeare Cellini created a life-size sculpture that depicted the story of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. a. True *b. False Title: Richard Hunt-Jacob's Ladder Richard Hunt's large scale sculpture Jacob's Ladder is iconographically based on a theme from the Koran. a. True *b. False Title: Raphael Sch Athens fresco Raphael's School of Athens was created in what medium? a. gouache b. mosaic *c. fresco d. watercolor e. acrylic Title: Michelangelo - carving A marble sculpture by Michelangelo would be a good example of the carving method. *a. True b. False Title: Marin Homer WC Both John Marin and Winslow Homer were noted for major works in __________________. a. fresco b. egg tempera c. impasto *d. watercolor e. Detroit Title: Fresco Fresco is ___________ a. Painting with hot colored wax b. Water soluble colored plastic polymer paint c. Egg and water emulsion *d. Watercolor on fresh lime plaster e. Utilization of tusche in serigraphy Title: Tempera Egg water emulsion Tempera is _______________. a. Painting with hot colored wax b. Water soluble colored plastic polymer paint *c. Egg and water emulsion d. Watercolor on fresh lime plaster e. Utilization of tusche in serigraphy Title: Frankenthaler stain Helen Frankenthaler is often associated with diluted synthetic paints used as _____________. a. impasto *b. stain c. fresco d. background e. self-portraits Title: Cellini -lostwax Cellini's recounting of his creation of Perseus and Medusa relates the difficulty of creating large scale works using the lost-wax technique. a. True* b. False Title: Diego Rivera Mex murals large The Mexican artist Diego Rivera is noted for his ___________________________. a. murals b. frescoes c. large-scale paintings d. social commentary *e. all of these Title: Butterfield- Vermillion Deborah Butterfield's Vermillion depicts a horse made entirely of flowers. a. True *b. False Title: Wyeth Helga Andrew Wyeth's "secret" paintings of the 1970s and 1980s depict a woman known only as __________________. *a. Helga b. Christina c. Olga d. Helen e. Madame X Title: Serra Tilted Arc vote The public viewers of Richard Serra's Tilted Arc overwhelmingly voted to keep the work in its original setting. a. True *b. False Title: Jacob Lawrence Harlem Jacob Lawrence grew up and received his artistic training in ______________________. a. England b. California c. Mississippi d. Brooklyn e. 10Harlem Title: Malevich sumpremacy This artist resisted the idea that art should serve religious purposes, instead calling for an art which represented "the supremacy of pure feeling in creative art." The artist was ______________. a. Picasso b. Goya *c. Malevich d. Seurat e. Bosch Title: Picasso Braque collage In the early 20th century both Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque experimented with the technique of ___________________________. a. fresco *b. collage c. mosaic d. automatic writing e. tempera Title: Hockney-paper pulp The artist who used pressed paper pulp to create images such as Diving Board with Shadow was which of these artists? *a. Hockney b. Lin c. Picasso d. Pippin e. LeWitt Title: Kapoor At Hub of Things At the Hub of Things, a minimalist sculpture which is associated with the dark power of the goddess Kali, was created by this artist: a. LeWitt b. Pei c. Noguchi d. Rodin *e. Kapoor Title: Jacob Lawrence pted Harlem Jacob Lawrence's paintings depict people he saw while living and working in Harlem. *a. True b. False Title: Smithson Spiral Jetty Smithson's Spiral Jetty, which was created from rock, salt crystals, algae, and earth in Great Salt Lake, Utah, is now _______________________________. a. in Utah's most famous museum b. rebuilt in the Everglades *c. submerged d. copied in several other locations e. extended to form a land bridge Title: Cole-The Oxbow The Oxbow (Connecticut River Near Northampton. presents a realistic view of nature seen by which artist? a. Georgia O'Keeffe b. Kapoor c. Maya Ying Lin d. Schumann *e. Cole Title: Nevelson-white-wed chapel iv What artist created the sculpture Wedding Chapel IV from found objects which were later painted white? a. Thomas Cole *b. Louise Nevelson c. Henri Rousseau d. I.M. Pei e. Maya Lin Title: Lin Vietnam Memorial The Vietnam Memorial in Washington, D. C. , designed by Maya Ying Lin, was at first considered disrespectful of the war dead it was supposed to honor. *a. True b. False Title: Sol LeWitt not AE Sol LeWitt's Untitled Cube is an example of Abstract Expressionism. a. True *b. False Title: Hockney print pulp David Hockney worked with a master printer and experimented with using colored paper pulp to paint images. Burghers of Calais a. True b. False Title: Koons puppy not castl Jeff Koons had his large sculpture Puppy cast in bronze to make it permanent. a. True *b. False Title: Kiki Smith media Honeywax Kiki Smith works primarily in wood, especially in the work entitled Honeywax. a. True *b. False Title: Raphael Leo X portrait Raphael painted a splendid portrait of Pope Leo X posed with his nephews, both cardinals of the church. *a. True b. False Title: Rodin- Burghers of Calais Rodin's sculpture called The Burghers of Calais shows six men who have offered to give up their lives to ransom their captured city. *a. True b. False Title: Alice Aycock's sculp stencil words Alice Aycock's sculptures sometimes have words stenciled onto them, as part of her own personal symbolism. *a. True b. False Title: Koon Puppy not in orig form Jeff Koon's Puppy has remained in its original form in Germany since 1992. a. True *b. False Title: Thomas Cole left Eng Thomas Cole left England for France to become an Impressionist. a. True *b. False Title: Daumier political criticism Honoré Daumier was a 19th-century French artist famed for his harsh political criticism and biting cartoons. *a. True b. False Title: Bosch fantast lanscapes Hieronymus Bosch was a 16th-century Netherlandish painter best known for his elaborate, outlandish fantasy landscapes. *a. True b. False Title: Cimabue not Indian artist Cimabue was an Indian artist employed in the service of the great Mughal emperor Akbar. a. True *b. False Title: Leonardo Last Supper lin persp In The Last Supper Leonardo da Vinci used linear perspective to create a sense of __________. *a. deep space in the banquet hall b. religious mystery c. impending disaster d. claustrophobia e. resurrection Title: Michelangelo was the Michelangelo was the architect and sculptor of the Medici Chapel in Rome. a. True *b. False Title: contrapposto Not mult events The term “contrapposto” refers to the depiction of more than one event in time in the same work of art. a. True *b. False Title: Ren artist not Gothic inspirei Artists of the Renaissance found their chief source of inspiration in the Gothic styles from northern Europe. a. True *b. False Title: Leonardo Mona Lisa Leonardo delivered the Mona Lisa to her husband before he left Italy. a. True *b. False Title: Donatello Gates Paradiser Donatello was the principal sculptor of the famous bronze doors known as the “Gates of Paradise.” a. True *b. False Title: SAnguissola famous in own times Sofonisba Anguissola was the first female artist known to have become famous among her contemporaries. *a. True b. False Title: Christo Wrap Reichstag was photed Christo and Jeanne-Claude's Wrapped Reichstag is no longer visible in any form because the artists refused to photograph it. a. True *b. False Title: Masaccio no architect Although Masaccio was primarily a painter and sculptor, he turned his hand to architecture in old age. a. True *b. False Title: H Moore sculpt display outdor Many of Henry Moore's sculptures are displayed outdoors. *a. True b. False Title: Gesso not a binder Gesso is an Italian binder for oil paints. a. True *b. False Title: Gesso 1st made from chalk-glue When first introduced, gesso was made from chalk or plaster of Paris and glue. *a. True b. False Title: Vasari of Raphael Giorgio Vasari, the 16th-century biographer, referred to what artist as "an artist as talented as he was gracious." *a. Raphael b. da Vinci c. Michelangelo d. Dürer e. Grien Title: Pfaff installations What contemporary sculptor has created a number of installations that utilize lines that emphasize the linear aspects of the areas in which they are viewed? a. Renoir b. Munch c. Dürer d. Bierstadt *e. Pfaff Title: Elis Vigée-Lebrun post antoinette Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun never received another royal commission after Marie Antoinette died. a. True *b. False Title: Roman myth Ceres In Roman mythology, Ceres was the goddess of agriculture, and her name is the root of the word “cereal” *a. True b. False Title: Michelangelo not Cornaro Chapel Michelangelo was the architect and sculptor of the Cornaro Chapel in Rome. a. True *b. False Title: Hall Mirrors The Hall of Mirrors is a small, intimate room in Louis XIV's palace, generally used for the king's lever, or "getting up" ceremony. a. True *b. False Title: Artemisia Gentilesch Baroque Artemisia Gentileschi was a true Baroque artist in that she used pose, lighting, and gesture for theatrical effect. *a. True b. False Title: Donatello St Mark ________________was an early Renaissance sculptor who served as assistant to Lorenzo Ghiberti. The young sculptor's freestanding statue of St. Mark in Florence contributes to his reputation as the first modern sculptor. a. Sluter *b. Donatello c. Michelangelo d. Bernini e. Leonardo Title: 18th-c van Ruisdael no portraits The 18th-century painter van Ruisdael made a fortune doing portraits of the nobility and the clergy. a. True *b. False Title: Sfumato – hazy The term sfumato in a painting, as exemplified by the Mona Lisa, refers to ___________________. a. the smile on the model's face b. a type of linear perspective c. the kind of oil paint used d. the sitter's pose *e. a hazy, cloudy atmosphere Title: Michelangelo sculptor Michelangelo considered himself always to be by nature a ____________________. a. painter b. architect *c. sculptor d. muralist e. poet Title: JL David- French rev Jacques-Louis David was an artist closely associated with the French Revolution. *a. True b. False Title:Leonardo-renais man Besides being an artist, _______ was also an architect, engineer, inventor, scientist, mathematician, and musician. Who is this artist who, perhaps more than any other, represents the ideal Renaissance Man? a. Michelangelo b. Raphael c. Titian d. Giorgione *e. Leonardo da Vinci Title: Rococo class assoc Rococo is a style of art primarily associated with the French middle and lower classes. a. True *b. False Title: Renais humanism The Renaissance belief that humankind was not worthless in the eyes of God as the Church had taught during the Middle Ages has come to be known as which of the following? a. Mannerism b. Protestantism c. Inquisition d. patronage *e. Humanism Title: Michelangelo David Florentine Michelangelo created a monumental statue of what religious figure to serve as a symbol of the new Florentine republic? a. Noah b. Adam c. Pope Julius II *d. David e. St. Paul Title: Bernini not mostly sculptor Gianlorenzo Bernini always considered himself above all to be a sculptor, and he resented having patrons force him into other kinds of projects. a. True *b. False Title: Delacroix Romantic Eugène Delacroix was a leading French Neoclassical painter. a. True *b. False Title: Vigee-Lebrun- cath great russia While in exile from revolutionary France, Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun spent six years in what nation where she almost had the chance to paint Catherine the Great? a. England b. the United States c. Italy *d. Russia e. Turkey Title: Berninis St. Teresa Bernini's St. Teresa in Ecstasy portrays the saint being visited by a _________________. *a. angel b. devil c. priest d. servant e. bishop Title: Realism Impress NOT 20th c Realism and Impressionism are two important 20th-century movements in art. a. True *b. False Title: Manet- Déjeuner Manet's painting "Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe" shows a kind of outdoor picnic. *a. True b. False Title: Manet lacked commisions Edouard Manet was a highly successful artist who never lacked for commissions. a. True *b. False Title: Rococo- general The ________________________ style in 18th-century European art is considered to be a development of the Baroque. It was favored by the aristocracy, and it featured pastel colors, small scale, and a playful quality. a. Renaissance b. Genre *c. Rococo d. Bourgeois e. Romantic Title: Gauguin stockbroker Paul Gauguin's first important career was as a stockbroker. *a. True b. False Title: Mondrian- geometric-primary Mondrian's best-known paintings use primary colors and geometric shapes. *a. True b. False Title: Léger NOT landscape Ferdinand Léger was an important landscape painter of the late 19th and early 20th century. a. True *b. False Title: Vigée-LeBrun pted Antoinette Elisabeth Vigée-LeBrun painted a portrait of what monarch in an attempt to repair the subject's image? a. Louis XIV b. Catherine the Great c. Peter the Great d. Philip IV *e. Marie Antoinette Title: Key PostImpress artists Van Gogh, Cézanne, Gauguin, and Seurat are the artists most often associated with ___________________. a. Impressionism *b. Post-Impressionism c. Romanticism d. Realism e. Expressionism Title: Cubism-general-20th An early-20th-century painting style, explored by Picasso and Braque, in which forms were flattened into planes and facets was called ____________________________. a. Fauvism *b. Cubism c. Abstract Expressionism d. Surrealism e. Minimal Art Title: Gauguin- Tahiti The later works of Gauguin reflect his life in Tahiti. *a. True b. False Title: Duchamp Bottle Dryer not Impress Marcel Duchamp's "Bottle Dryer" is an excellent example of Impressionism. a. True *b. False Title: Delacroix Liberty Lead Eugène Delacroix painted "Liberty Leading the People" on a visit to the United States not long after the Revolutionary War. a. True *b. False Title: proto-Renaissance term The term “proto-Renaissance” refers to the transitional period between the Classical Era and the Renaissance. a. True *b. False Title: Bauhaus school German The Bauhaus was a school of art in Germany dedicated to building new guiding principles of design compatible with 20th-century technology. *a. True b. False Title: Surrealists unconscious The Surrealists sought to ___________________________. a. create multiple points of view *b. probe the unconscious c. create absurd art d. capture the transitory effects of light e. re-create the exact appearance of the natural world Title: Dali Miró Surrealism Although Dali's and Miró's works look very little alike, both artists are associated with Surrealism. *a. True b. False Title: Picasso born Spain Pablo Picasso was born in ________________________________. a. Italy b. France *c. Spain d. the United States e. Brazil Title: Constructivism Tatlin Russia Which artistic movement was begun in Russia by Tatlin? a. Dada b. Cubism c. Futurism *d. Constructivism e. Surrealism Title: Leger infl by Bauhaus and De Stijl Which artist was influenced by the Bauhaus and De Stijl to create works that fostered harmony between individual lives and modern industry and technology? a. Picasso b. Ingres c. Morisot *d. Léger e. Renoir Title: Ingres Delacroix NOT alike Ingres and Delacroix were close friends who often worked together and whose styles are sometimes difficult to tell apart. a. True *b. False Title: Rauschenberg Factum combine Robert Rauschenberg's "Factum II" is representative of what the artist called a "combine painting". *a. True b. False Title: NY School- action-AE The "New York School" and "action painting" are terms often used to describe Abstract Expressionism. *a. True b. False Title: Duchamp ready-mades What artist was famous for his ready-mades, objects purchased and then presented as sculptures with virtually no alterations? a. Picasso *b. Duchamp c. Klee d. Gropius e. Oppenheimer Title: Laurie Anderson NOT words Laurie Anderson is best known for works in which colorful electronic letters spell out such messages as "Are We Having Fun Yet?" a. True *b. False Title: Surrealism is Dada outgrowth Which movement was formulated in the 1920s as an outgrowth of Dada? *a. Surrealism b. Fauvism c. Cubism d. Romanticism e. Futurism Title: Warhol NOT AE Of the following artists, _____________________ is NOT associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement. a. Pollock b. de Kooning c. Franz Kline *d. Warhol e. Lee Krasner Title: Basquiat graffiti artist Which artist who began as a graffiti artist in the late 1970s is associated with a seemingly primitive or naïve style? a. Lucian Freud b. Eric Fischl c. Andy Warhol *d. Jean-Michel Basquiat e. Terry Winters Title: 2 imp AE artists Two of the most prominent Abstract Expressionist painters were _______________________. *a. Pollock and de Kooning b. de Kooning and Picasso c. Johns and Lichtenstein d. Kiefer and Chia e. Albers and Pollock Title: Rothenberg- 78 Whitney Susan Rothenberg's paintings first came to public attention in a 1978 exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art. *a. True b. False Title: Pollock large ptgsl Most of Jackson Pollock's paintings are quite small and should be studied from up close to appreciate their intimate quality. a. True *b. False Title: Matt Barney Cremaster gender Matthew Barney in "Cremaster 5: Her Giant" uses a series of films to refer to the idea of gender merging. *a. True b. False Title: Eliz Murray remin surreal cubism Elizabeth Murray's work is somewhat reminiscent of both Surrealism and Cubism. *a. True b. False Title: Laurie Anderson – Gober-performance Laurie Anderson and Robert Gober are generally known as what type of artists? a. Abstract Expressionist painters married to each other b. collectors of contemporary art *c. performance artists d. computer artists e. Pop artists Title: Pop Amer comm cult Pop artists of the 1960s took their inspiration from: a. Sigmund Freud b. the camera *c. American commercial culture d. dreams e. their fathers Title: Kruger slogans Contemporary artist Barbara Kruger is noted for applying slogans from popular jargon to ____________________________. a. the walls of museum galleries b. garage doors and fences c. Plexiglas and Styrofoam *d. blowups of magazine photos e. reproductions of master paintings Title: Neo-Ex german The Neo-Expressionist movement of the mid-20th century began with European artists, principally Germans and Italians, who came of age following World War II. *a. True b. False Title: Lucien Freud nudes While Alice Neel is most famous for her portraits, which of these artists is known for his nudes and his grandfather's fame? a. Jackson Pollock b. Roy Lichtenstein *c. Lucian Freud d. Jean-Michel Basquiat e. Willem de Kooning Title: Jaune Quick to See S Jaune Quick-to-See Smith in "House" created irony through reference to the famous Modernist motto, "Form follows function". *a. True b. False Title: Terry Winters linear information Terry Winters uses a specialized linear visual language to create dense, layered paintings to represent the central reality of our time. What is this central reality according to Winters? a. love b. war c. commercialism *d. information e. television Title: Guerilla Girls 1985 protest What group was formed in 1985 to protest the under-representation of women artists in the International Survey of Contemporary Painting and Sculpture? a. the Abstract Expressionists b. the Impressionists c. the Post-Modernists d. the Outsiders *e. the Guerrilla Girls Title: Leonardo-Mona Lisa The Mona Lisa was painted by Michelangelo. a. True *b. False Title: Baroque compared with Ren The Baroque style was a great deal more intense than the Renaissance style. *a. True b. False Title: Velasquez NOT Dutch barq Velasquez was the most gifted artist of the Dutch Baroque. a. True *b. False Title: Rococo light airy pastel The Rococo style _____. a. Used dark, dreary colors b. Dealt with death and destruction *c. Was light, airy, and pastel d. Was very abstract e. Used only animals as its subjects Title: Rococo - Watteau Watteau was one of the most well-known Rococo artists. *a. True b. False Title: Neoclassicism NOT frivolus Neoclassicism was a very frivolous, superficial style of art. a. True *b. False Title: Neoclassicism/Romanticism general compare The key word for Neoclassicism is "rational", while the key word for Romanticism is "__________". a. Frivolous b. Silly *c. Emotional d. Abstract e. Graeco-Roman Title: Schnabel's crockery The American "Bad" painter _______ used broken pottery in his paintings a. Judy Chicago b. George Segal *c. Julian Schnabel d. Eric Fischl e. Delmas Howe Title: Bernini/St. Teresa The Baroque sculpture "St. Teresa in Ecstacy" was carved by the famous sculptor _____. a. Michelangelo b. Giacometti c. Cornaro *d. Bernini e. Romano Title: Baroque/Gentileschi- Judith Baroque artists used light to plunge the figures in their paintings toward the viewer. We see this in the painting "Judith and the Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes" by _____. *a. Artemisia Gentileschi b. Judy Chicago c. Isabella Brandt d. Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun e. Laurie Anderson Title: Baroque/Caravaggio-Entombment Christ Caravaggio's dramatic Baroque painting showing Christ's body being lowered into the grave is called"_____________". a. The Raising of the Cross *b. The Entombment of Christ c. The Lamentation d. The Savior e. The Ecstacy Title: Baroque/Rubens-Raising Cross Using dramatic lighting and diagonal composition, the Baroque artist _____ painted "The Raising of the Cross". a. Caravaggio b. Ingres c. Delacroix *d. Rubens e. Marat Title: AE international Prior to the end of the 1940s, Abstract Expressionism was extremely well known internationally. *a. True b. False Title: Gorky-Armenia Although part of the Abstract Expressionist movement in the US, Arshile Gorky was originally from _____. a. South America b. Indonesia *c. Armenia d. France e. Belgium Title: Baroque/Velasquez- Las Meninas The Spanish Baroque painter ___________ included himself at the easel in the famous painting "Las Meninas". a. Rembrandt b. Picasso *c. Velasquez d. Leonardo e. Bernini Title: Gorky child memor subj matter Arshile Gorky never used memories of his childhood as subjects in his paintings. a. True *b. False Title: Baroque/Leyster -Genre The Baroque painter Judith Leyster painted scenes of everyday life as her subject matter. This is known as _____ painting. a. Abstract b. Noir c. Grisaille d. Realistic *e. Genre Title: Pollock and Benton The Abstract Expressionist painter who studied with Thomas Hart Benton is _____. a. Clyfford Still b. Arshile Gorky c. Wilfredo Lam *d. Jackson Pollock e. Robert Motherwell Title: Romanticism general The style of art known as Romanticism emphasized democratic attitudes and was created for the people of the time. *a. True b. False Title: Kahlo Rivera The unique Mexican painter, Frida Kahlo, was married to the muralist _____. a. Rufino Tamayo b. Joaquin Torres-Garcia *c. Diego Rivera d. Wifredo Lam e. David Siquieros Title: Realism general colors Realism used bright, cheerful colors to show everyday life. a. True *b. False Title: Giacometti- skinny figs Possibly symbolic of despair and hardship, the sculptor _____ is famous for his skeletal, emaciated figures. *a. Alberto Giacometti b. Isamu Noguchi c. Germaine Richier d. Giacomo Manzu e. Marino Marini Title: Motherwell- Elegies Painter of "Elegies to the Spanish Republic", this Abstract Expressionist painter was known as the organizer and spokesman for the New York School a. Mark Rothko b. Arshile Gorky c. Morris Lewis d. Franz Kline *e. Robert Motherwell Title: Impressionism NOT Braque Which artist was NOT an Impressionist? *a. Braque b. Manet c. Monet d. Renoir e. Degas Title: Impressionism general The Impressionists painted with little daubs of color to create the impression of light striking objects. *a. True b. False Title: Impressionist subjectt The Impressionists painted violent, negative subjects. a. True *b. False Title: Giotto Lamentation One of the important innovations in Giotto's work The Lamentation is _________. *a. The grouping of figures as on a stage set b. The shallowness of the space c. The animal-style decoration d. The development of mosaic techniques e. The cheerfulness of the scene Title: Sistine Chapel -michelangelo The artist who is best known for painting the famous ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican is ________. a. Raphael b. Tintoretto c. Leonardo *d. Michelangelo e. Titian Title: Frankenthaler- pour paint Influenced by the Abstract Expressionists, this color field painter poured thinned paint onto unsized cotton duck canvas. a. Frida Kahlo *b. Helen Frankenthaler c. Joan Mitchell d. Bridget Riley e. Georgia O'Keeffe Title: Barnett Newman zips Barnett Newman, painting during the 1950s, created paintings consisting of large fields of flat color bisected by vertical stripes called _____. *a. Zips b. Contours c. Slashes d. Lifelines e. Geometrics Title: Rauschenberg combines NOT Johns Jasper Johns used non-traditional materials to create hybrid paintings called "combines". *a. False b. True Title: Richard Hamilton- Pop _____ was recognized as the innovator of Pop Art in Great Britain. a. Andy Warhol b. David Hockney c. Roy Lichtenstein d. Josef Albers *e. Richard Hamilton Title: Gauguin/van Gogh ear The Post-Impressionist painter Gauguin cut off part of his ear. a. True *b. False Title: Benday dots l The Pop artist Andy Warhol used Benday dots, such as seen in comic strips, in his paintings. *a. False b. True Title: Gauguin/van Gogh/Arles Vincent van Gogh invited his fellow Post-Impressionist painter ________ to stay with him in Arles. a. Seurat *b. Gauguin c. Braque d. Cezanne e. Fragonard Title: Chuck Close Chuck Close, the _____ artist, made huge paintings of the faces of his friends and family members based on snapshots. a. Pop b. Color Field c. Minimalist *d. Photorealist e. Superrealist Title: sfumato- Mona Lisa The term "sfumato" in a painting, as exemplified by the Mona Lisa, refers to ________. a. The smile on the model's face b. A type of linear perspective c. The kind of oil paint used d. The sitter's pose *e. A hazy, cloudy atmosphere Title: Yves Klein Believing color to be a manifestation of his spiritual quest, Yves Klein painted works entirely in ____. a. Sand b. Black *c. Blue d. Gold leaf e. Felt Title: Judd NOT Earth Art Donald Judd is known primarily for his Earth Art. *a. False b. True Title: Whistler/Sargent- American 19th c Whistler and Sargent were _______ artists from the late 19th century. a. German b. French c. British d. Italian *e. American Title: Kosuth-conceptual 3 views The Conceptual artist _____ questioned concepts of reality in his works representing an object in three different ways. a. Michael Heizer *b. Joseph Kosuth c. Richard Long d. Dan Flavin e. Robert Morris Title: R Serra- Splatter lead wall In an Anti-Form statement, Richard Serra splashed _____ against a wall to create his "cornerpieces". a. Paint b. Food *c. Lead d. Broken glass e. Resin Title: Fauvism The Fauve artists painted in bright, non-realistic colors and used surface pattern. *a. True b. False Title: Leonardo mirror writing Besides being an artist _______ was also an architect, engineer, inventor, scientist, mathematician, and musician. His notebooks, written in an eccentric "mirror" handwriting, continue to fascinate scholars. *a. Leonardo da Vinci b. Michelangelo c. Raphael d. Titian e. Giorgione Title: Cubism-Picasso-Braque founders The co-creators of Cubism were Picasso and ______. a. Rembrandt b. Velasquez c. Leyster d. Hals *e. Braque Title: Dada duchamp non art Marcel Duchamp made works of non-art or anti-art along with his fellow _____ artists. a. Post-Impressionist *b. Dada c. Fauve d. Surrealist e. Cubist Title: Jenny Holzer truisms Linked to the Feminist tradition, _______ created inscriptions called "Truisms" that were later inscribed on installations. a. Judy Chicago b. Cheri Samba *c. Jenny Holzer d. Elizabeth Murray e. Louise Bourgeois Title: Martin Puryear Af Amer sculp Martin Puryear is a contemporary _______ sculptor. a. British b. German *c. African-American d. Scottish e. Swedish Title: AE-NYC NOT Paris center Mod Art After World War II, during the era of Abstract Expressionism, New York replaced Paris as the center of Modernism in the art world. *a. True b. False Title: Claes Oldenburg The Pop sculptor _____ made everyday objects, such as hamburgers, on a giant scale. *a. Claes Oldenburg b. Eva Hesse c. Andy Warhol d. Marilyn Monroe e. Edward Kienholz Title: Kienholz haunting reconstruct _____made life-sized reconstructions of bordellos, mental institutions, abortionists' offices and other disturbing settings. a. George Segal b. Eva Hesse *c. Edward Kienholz d. Claes Oldenburg e. Lygia Clark Title: 1930-40 leftist Social Realism From 1930 to 1941 the modern, abstract style was interrupted by a leftist, political movement in art called _______. a. Action Painting b. Fauvism *c. Social Realism d. Dadaism Title: Krasner married to Pollock The painter Lee Krasner was married to Abstract Expressionist _______. a. Willem de Kooning b. David Smith *c. Jackson Pollock d. Mark Rothko Title: Christo Gates In 2005, Christo and his wife made the news by installing saffron-colored "gates" in Central Park in New York. *a. True b. False Title: Susan Rothenberg- Horses Wanting to focus her paintings on a particular, strong image, Susan Rothenberg chose to paint _____. a. Fish *b. Horses c. Human figures d. Dogs e. Feet Title: Theorists/critics AE Greenberg-Rosenberg The two most influential theorists/critics to emerge during the Abstract Expressionist era were Clement Greenberg and _______. a. William Baziotes b. Hans Hoffman c. Arshile Gorky *d. Harold Rosenberg Title: Beuys Felt Claiming to have been rescued by the Tatars, Joseph Beuys used the fabric ____ symbolically in his "actions". a. Cotton b. Wool c. Silk d. Leather *e. Felt Title: Dali Persistence of Mem surreal Probably the most famous ______ work is the painting "Persistence of Memory" by Salvador Dali. *a. Surrealist b. Superrealist c. Photorealist d. Cubist e. Realist Title: Cedar Tavern AE mtg place In order to discuss theories of Modernism, the New York Abstract Expressionist artists would often meet at _______. a. The Club b. Subjects of the Artist School *c. Cedar Tavern d. All of the above Title: Turrell-roden light The creator of Roden Crater, the artist James Turrell uses _____ as his medium. a. Paint b. Clay *c. Light d. Glass e. Earth Title: AE NOT sell quickly Abstract Expressionist paintings sold to the public quickly and well from the very beginning of the movement. a. True *b. False Title: Judy Chicago- dinner party help The Feminist artist, Judy Chicago, conceived and executed "The Dinner Party" without assistance. *a. False b. True Title: Feminist art Chicago Two of the most well-known Feminist artists of the 1970s are Miriam Schapiro and _____. a. Alice Neel b. Judith Leyster c. Cathy Boston *d. Judy Chicago e. Sherrie Levine Title: Comics Lichtenstein The Pop artist _______ took his imagery from comic books. a. Andy Warhol *b. Roy Lichtenstein c. Robert Rauschenberg d. Jasper Johns Title: Paik abnks of TVS The artist _____ used banks of TV monitors in his installations. a. Bill Viola *b. Nam June Paik c. Hans Haacke d. James Turrell e. Larry Bell Title: Rothko floating rect This Abstract Expressionist artist painted "floating rectangles". a. Robert Motherwell b. Jackson Pollock *c. Mark Rothko d. Willem de Kooning e. Clifford Still Title: Freud- figure- grandson Lucien Freud, a contemporary figurative artist, is the grandson of the pioneer psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. *a. True b. False Title: Rauschenberg NOT paint flags Robert Rauschenberg was most well known for his paintings of flags. *a. False b. True Title: Tom Wolfe term "le monde" “Le monde” is a term Tom Wolfe uses to describe _______. *a. The culturati b. Artists c. Bohemians d. The middle class Title: Stella- 1st shape canvas The first artist to use “shaped canvasses” was _______. a. Helen Frankenthaler b. Jasper Johns c. Morris Louis *d. Frank Stella Title: Conceptual-Lacks actual art object Art which doesn’t require the making of an actual object is called _______. *a. Conceptual Art b. Minimalism c. Earth Art d. Nihilism Title: Goldsworthy-sculp organic Often the sculptures of _______ last only a short time since they are made of icicles, leaves, lambswool, or some other fragile organic matter. a. James Turrell *b. Andy Goldsworthy c. Martin Puryear d. Robert Gober e. Ilya Kabakov Title: Op - Perceptual Abstraction Op Art was referred to, by the artists who painted in that style, as _______. a. Illusionism b. Corneal Abstraction *c. Perceptual Abstraction d. Optical Abstraction Title: Appropriation general Art of the 1990s "which takes over or copies previously existing artworks, often for subversive pruposes" is know as _______. a. Minimalism *b. Appropriation c. Pop art d. Funk art e. Installation art Title: Barbara Bloom Reign of Narcissism Commenting on feminine vanity, _______ created a mixed-media installation entitled "The Reign of Narcissism". *a. Barbara Bloom b. Judy Chicago c. Louise Bourgeois d. Kiki Smith e. Cheri Samba Title: Bill Viola The video and sound installation "To Pray Without Ceasing" was created by the artist _____. a. Nam June Paik b. David Hockney c. Jean Rustin d. Robert Smithson *e. Bill Viola Title: Pollock and Benton The Abstract Expressionist painter who studied with Thomas Hart Benton is _____. a. Clyfford Still b. Arshile Gorky c. Wilfredo Lam *d. Jackson Pollock e. Robert Motherwell Title: Damien Hirst-dead animals Although inconsistent in his style, _______ is well-known for the sculptures he created by preserving and floating dead creatures, such as sharks, in glass cases. a. Bill Viola b. Clifford Tjapaltjarri *c. Damien Hirst d. Delmas Howe e. Jeff Koons Title: Dara Birnbaum-news Tiananmen The influence of the news media in shaping our perception of contemporary events is explored in "Tiananmen Square\: Break in Transmission" by _______. *a. Dara Birnbaum b. Nam June Paik c. Wenda Gu d. Bill Viola e. Karen Finley Title: Mod art was Social chic in 1950s In New York, Paris, London, and Berlin, Modern Art achieved social chic in the 1950s. *a. True b. False Title: Elizabeth Murray - shaped, layered canvases This artist's work contains abstracted domestic settings painted on layered, shaped canvases. a. Paula Rego b. Louise Bourgeois c. Sandy Skoglund d. Kiki Smith *e. Elizabeth Murray Title: Gilbert and George The British "sculptors" Gilbert and _______ did both performance and photo pieces that are autobiographical and socially critical. a. Sullivan *b. George c. Geoffrey d. Gene e. Sandy Title: Cubist 1st associated with Braque The painter for whose work the word “Cubism” was coined was _______. a. Frank Stella b. James Rosenquist *c. Georges Braque d. Clement Greenberg Title: Jeff Koons large toy sculp The American sculptor, Jeff Koons, is recognized for his _______. a. Tasteful and realistic figures b. Large-scale airplane sculptures c. Small-scale fish sculptures *d. Large-scale toy sculptures e. Classical ballet dancers Title: Ellis Island is Europe Mod Royal Cortissoz, a conservative critic of Modern Art in the 1920s, used the term “Ellis Island Art” to refer to _______. a. Social Realism b. Abstract Expressionism c. Surrealism *d. European Modernism Title: Greenberg’s destination in “clear[ing] the tracks of rubble What was Clement Greenberg’s destination in “clear[ing] the tracks of all the remaining rubble of the pre-Modern way of painting”? a. Theory b. Self-definition *c. Flatness Title: Jenny Saville body image The prime motivation for Jenny Saville's paintings is the exploration of _______. a. The feminine mystique *b. Body image c. Anorexia d. Male dominance e. Domesticity Title: Barnett Newman's zips Barnett Newman, painting during the 1950s, created paintings consisting of large fields of flat color bisected by vertical stripes called _____. *a. Zips b. Contours c. Slashes d. Lifelines e. Geometrics Title: Bourgeois- Nest This "lone wolf" sculptor is difficult to categorize because she has worked in so many media. The steel sculpture "The Nest" is representative of only one of her artistic styles. *a. Louise Bourgeois b. Sadie Lee c. Miriam Schapiro d. Kiki Smith e. Hung Liu Title: Karen Finley Sorrow and loss are themes in the work of _______, who has been inspired by the plight of AIDS victims. a. Yukinori Yanagi *b. Karen Finley c. Wenda Gu d. Sadie Lee e. Cheri Samba Title: Robin Kakuhiwa The painter _______ has been strongly influenced by the images of traditional Maori woodcarvers. a. Nam June Paik b. Clifford Tjapaltjarri *c. Robin Kakuhiwa d. Cyprien Tokoudgba e. Kos Title: Haring subway grafitti _______ gained fame as a New York subway grafitti artist. *a. Keith Haring b. Eric Fischl c. Jean-Michel Basquiat d. Joseph Beuys e. Robert Motherwell Title: Rachel Whiteread _______ created an ambitious series of works consisting of casting the empty interior spaces of houses, chairs, rooms, or the area under beds. a. Louise Bourgeois *b. Rachel Whiteread c. Judy Chicago d. Kiki Smith e. Sndy Skoglund Title: Painted Word, refers to .. Tom Wolfe’s title, The Painted Word, refers to _______. a. The literary nature of Modernist Art b. The use of commercial imagery by Pop artists *c. The influence of theorists on Modern Art d. The use of explanatory notes next to Modern paintings in museums and galleries. Title: Pre 1914 European styles Modern styles of art, such as Fauvism, Cubism, and Suprematism, were invented by European artists prior to 1914. *a. True b. False Title: Orlan's plastic surgery During a revival of "Body Art" in the 1990s, the performance artist, Orlan, _______. a. Covered herself in chocolate b. Had someone shoot her in the arm *c. Reshaped her body through plastic surgery d. Wrapped herself in felt and fat e. Cast her hands in bronze Title: Appropriation Art of the 1990s "which takes over or copies previously existing artworks, often for subversive pruposes" is know as _______. a. Minimalism *b. Appropriation c. Pop art d. Funk art e. Installation art Title: Said...Nothing is more bourgeois than to be afraid to look bourgeois” The quote “Nothing is more bourgeois than to be afraid to look bourgeois” is attributed to _______. a. Jasper Johns b. Tom Wolfe c. Leo Steinberg *d. Andy Warhol Title: Rebecca Horn The sculptor and filmmaker _______ was influenced by both Louise Bourgeois and Magdalena Abakanovicz. a. Kiki Smith b. Bill Viola c. Jenny Saville *d. Rebecca Horn e. Miriam Schapiro Title: Stella-What you see is what you see In referring to his paintings, _______said “What you see is what you see.” a. Andy Warhol b. James Turrell *c. Frank Stella d. Pablo Picasso Title: Guggenheim Bilbao The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao was designed by\: a. Giorgio Vasari b. Pablo Picasso c. Claes Oldenburg *d. Frank Gehry e. Isamu Noguchi Title: Foreshortening Foreshortening is the term for the effect produced by applying the logic of linear perspective to every form that recedes into the distance. *a. True b. False