Week 5
Unit 10 Summarizing
Homework: You need to use 100 words to sum up the reading
passage on p. 150. For the first part, please make a list of all the
summary sentences; second, put all the summary sentences into a
summary paragraph, including a topic sentence. You need to include
transition words and check to see if each of your sentences is
grammatically correct.
Page 150
Paragraph 1:
TS: In many of parts of the world, alien species are harming the
environment and causing other problems.
Summary:
key words: take away food and space from the native species
multiply without limit
Alien species may cause serious problems in new locations by taking
away food and spaces from the native species and multiplying
without limit in some cases.
Paragraph 2:
TS: The tiger mosquito is an example of an alien species.
Summary:
Key words: tiger mosquito far more aggressive than common
European mosquitoes; faster reproduction; replace a large
percentage of the common European mosquitoes
The tiger mosquitoes are far more aggressive and reproduces faster
than the common European ones.
The tiger mosquitoes are far more aggressive, and their faster
reproduction than the native species replaces a large percentage of
the mosquitoes there.
Paragraph 3:
TS: Another example of a different kind of animal that has recently
moved to another continent is the zebra mussel.
Summary
Key words: grow into thick masses; closed up pipes of power stations
and water treatment centers; many millions of dollars worth of
damage
That zebra mussels grow into thick masses and close up pipes of
power stations and water treatment centers has caused many millions
of dollars worth of damage.
Paragraph 4:
TS: Among the many examples of alien species of mammals that have
caused damage is the Indian mongoose.
Summary
Key words: millions of dollars worth of damage to poultry farmers;
Greatly reduce the numbers of many native bird species, which are at
risk of extinction
Indian Mongoose not only have caused millions of dollars worth of
damage to poultry, but also greatly reduced the number of many
native bird species, which as a result are at risk of extinction.
Summary sentences:
1. Alien species may cause serious problems in new locations by
taking away food and spaces from the native species and multiplying
without limit in some cases.
2. The tiger mosquitoes are far more aggressive, and their faster
reproduction than the native species makes them replace a large
percentage of the mosquitoes there.
3. That zebra mussels grow into thick masses and close up pipes of
power stations and water treatment centers has caused many millions
of dollars worth of damage.
4. Indian Mongoose not only have caused millions of dollars worth of damage to
poultry, but also greatly reduced the number of many native bird species, which
as a result are at risk of extinction.
Summary paragraph:
TS: Alien species may cause serious problems in new locations by
taking away food and spaces from the native species and multiplying
without limit in some cases.
SS:
1. The tiger mosquitoes are far more aggressive, and their faster
reproduction than the native species makes them replace a large
percentage of the mosquitoes there.
2. That zebra mussels grow into thick masses and close up pipes of
power stations and water treatment centers has caused many millions
of dollars worth of damage.
3. Indian Mongoose not only have caused millions of dollars worth of damage to
poultry, but also greatly reduced the number of many native bird species, which
as a result are at risk of extinction.
Alien species may cause serious problems in new locations by
taking away food and spaces from the native species and multiplying
without limit in some cases. For example, the tiger mosquitoes are far
more aggressive, and their faster reproduction than the native species
makes them replace a large percentage of the mosquitoes there.
In addition, that zebra mussels grow into thick masses and close up
pipes of power stations and water treatment centers has caused many
millions of dollars worth of damage. Finally, Indian Mongoose not
only have caused millions of dollars worth of damage to poultry, but
also greatly reduced the number of many native bird species, which
as a result are at risk of extinction.
Steps for reading longer passages:
1. Read the passage all the way through.
2. Write a summary sentence for each paragraph, locating the topic
sentence and important details of each paragraph.
3. Divide the paragraphs into logical parts. Combine all the
summary sentences of each logical part into a sentence or two.
4. Put all the summary sentence of each logical part into a summary
paragraph.
Heading + subheadings
Title + subtitle
Heading + subheading – categorize
Using the structural cues for predicting main ideas: Previewing +scanning
(1) topic: focus
(2) title + subtitle
(3) illustrations + charts (captions)
(4) contents
(5) introduction: thesis statement
(6) headings +subheadings
(7) topic sentence
(8) conclusions: summary of the main ideas + author’s opinions (suggestions,
predictions, or other opinions)
two German found a man’s body on the ice, in 1991 on a mountain
pass between Austria and Italy
Two Germans found a man’s body on a mountain pass between
Austria and Italy in 1991.
page 151
1. Two Germans found a man’s body on the ice on a mountain pass
between Austria and Italy in 1991.
2. The man’s skeleton was in perfect condition, except for a wound in
the head.
3. Who was this man?
There are different answers regarding how and when he died.
4. Although Italians and Austrians had argued over the ownership of
the Iceman, now it lies in southern Italy.
Two countries, Italy and Austria, were arguing the ownership of the
Iceman.
The Austrians and the Italians argued over the ownership of the
“Iceman.”
Which country, Austria or Italy, can claim the ownership of the
Iceman?
5. modern dating techniques 5,300 years old; an arrow head stuck
in his shoulder died from internal damage and bleeding
Modern dating techniques reveal his age and cause of death.
Modern techniques show that he was more than 5,300 years old and
possibly died from the wound in his shoulder.
With modern dating techniques, scientists used to think the Iceman
was a hunter and died from an accident, but now they have found the
Iceman probably died in some kind of battles.
The scientists learned the age and the cause of death of the Iceman by
using the most updated dating techniques.
6. learn a lot of information about the time he lived in
Studying his clothes and tools has helped scientists to learn a great
deal about the history of the Bronze Age.
The Iceman’s clothes and tools have revealed information about the
era in which he lived in to the scientists.
1. In 1991, two Germans found a man’s body on the ice on the
mountain pass between Austria and Italy.
2. The dead man’s skeleton was of a perfect condition.
3.There were different theories about his identity, cause of death, and
when he lived.
4. Austrians and Italians argued about the ownership of the
“Iceman,” but it is currently kept in Italy.
5. Using modern dating techniques, scientists have found that the
Iceman lived about 5,300 years ago, and a new kind of X-ray shows
that he died from internal damage and bleeding while he was
fighting.
Modern dating techniques helped scientists find the Iceman’s age and
cause of death.
6.Studying his clothes and tools has helped scientists to learn a great
deal about the history of the Bronze Age.
Topics of the logical parts:
Part 1: paragraphs 1 & 2: the discovery of the Iceman
Part 2: paragraph 3: the Iceman’s identity
Part 3: paragraph 4: the ownership of the Iceman
Part 4. paragraph 5: the Iceman’s age and cause of death
Part 5: paragraph 6: important information from studying the
Iceman
Summary A
In 1991, two Germans found a man’s body whose skeleton was
preserved in a perfect condition on the ice on the mountain pass
between Austria and Italy. There were different theories about his
identity, cause of death, and when he lived. Austrians and Italians
argued about the ownership of the “Iceman,” but it is currently kept
in Italy. Using modern dating techniques, scientists have found that
the Iceman lived about 5,300 years ago, and a new kind of X-ray
shows that he died from internal damage and bleeding while he was
fighting. In brief, studying his clothes and tools has helped scientists
to learn a great deal about the history of the Bronze Age
Context: function or purpose --- audience’s expectation
Book review: summary + reader’s evaluation
Book summary
p. 151EX 8
part 1: paragraph 1-2
Two German mountaineers found a man’s body on the mountain,
which was in perfect condition with clothes and tools.
Part 2: paragraph 3: Who was the man?
Part 3: paragraph 4: Which country did this man’s body belong to?
Part 4: paragraph 5: Modern dating techniques helped scientists to
learn the age and cause of death of the ice man.
Part 5: paragraph 6: The clothes and tools of the ice man enable the
scientist to learn a lot about his time.
Summary B: In 1991, two German mountaineers found a man whose
skeleton was in perfect condition with clothes and tools on the
mountain. There were many theories about who he was, where he
lived, and how he died. Though both Italy and Austria wanted the
Iceman, but he was placed in Italy later. Modern dating techniques
help scientists conclude that he died during the Bronze Age from an
injury that caused internal bleeding and damage. From his clothes
and tools, scientists have learned a lot about his time.