NAME:_______________________________
UNIT 4 GUIDED NOTES- PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Physical oceanography studies the ___________________________________:
–
Dissolved minerals and salts (salinity) and gases
–
Pressure
–
Motion: waves, tides and currents
Why does the ocean have these physical properties?
•
The __________________________listed below are why the ocean is the way it is…..
–
Found in all ______________________on our planet
–
_________________: ability of water to hold heat energy and regulate our climate
–
______________: can dissolve more things than any other solvent
Properties of water are due to …
Hydrogen Bonding - ________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

Charges on O and H help it dissolve things like salts

Attraction between water molecules means you have to add a lot of heat to increase
water temp and when water cools it release a lot of heat
Salinity
Source of materials in seawater

Result of _______________of rocks on land carried by rivers to the ocean

Materials from the _______________
–
Hydrothermal vents and volcanic eruptions
2. Oceans have an average salinity of ______________(35 ‰)
3.
Dissolved Gases
ppt=_______________________________
NAME:_______________________________
•
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen
•
Dissolve into the ocean from the atmosphere through
wave action
•
Dissolve better in ________ water
•
Marine algae use _______and release _____and marine
animals use O2 and contribute O2
•
Around 500 m water ____________________________
•
Bacteria and other animals are using it during
______________________________________
•
Animals in this region and lower have large gills,
modified hemoglobin or are inactive
Pressure
•
We are under 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure on land
•
Water is heavier than air so every ___________________of pressure
Animal Adaptations to Pressure
•
Ocean life has adapted to _______________________________with lightweight skeletons,
little musculature, and reduced metabolic, growth and reproductive rates.
•
Diving mammals have rib cages that_________________________in result to changing
pressure
Light
•
____________________organisms use on light to make sugars
•
_________________________________________________________
•
Different wavelengths of light filter through the water to different depths
•
Red filters out _________________ and ___________ goes the furthest
•
Things that are red at the surface are black / grey at depth
NAME:_______________________________
Energy and the Ocean
•
Ocean ________________________________than land due to its specific heat
•
Water temp ______________________with depth
Animal Adaptations and Temperature
•
Colder temps ___________ the metabolic rate
•
In very cold waters fish have a special protein like _________________ to keep tissues from
freezing
•
Lighter colored animals stay cooler than darker colored animals and are found in warmer
waters
•
Some marine life have ____________________ to insulate their bodies
Motion in the Ocean- Tides
•
____________________________________ (high and low tide)
•
Range as small as 1 m & as high as 20m
•
Some areas have 1 or 2 high & low tides
•
Caused by _____________________________on our ocean basin
NAME:_______________________________
Marine Life and Tides
•
Some marine life _______________________to the high or low tide cycle
•
___________________________ come ashore to mate on the night of a high tide in May
•
Eggs hatch 2 wks later on a high tide and are washed into the ocean
Motion in the Ocean- Waves
•
___________________________ as it blows across the ocean’s surface
•
When waves enter shallow water they ___________________________
•
The wave top is moving faster than the wave bottom so it topples forward
•
Specialty waves:_____________________________________________
Motion in the Ocean-Currents
•
___________________________________________________________
•
Surface currents caused by ____________________________________
•
Deflected by the Coriolis Effect
•
Important in moving __________________________________around the oceans
NAME:_______________________________
Vertical Ocean Currents
•
Differences in __________________________ change the density of water.
•
This causes sinking and rising of water in the ocean
•
_________________________- convection current of water moving between the equator and
poles in the oceans
•
Takes _______________years to cycle