Course description
Course No.
0510305W
Teacher
Lu Yonghua
Course
Name
English
Measurement Techniques
Chinese
测试技术
Course
hours
Total
Theory
Experiment Self-study
Practice
Course design
48
44
4
0
1. Yes
College
College
Mechanics
Electronics
0
of
and
Dept.
Dept.
of
Mechanical
and
Electronical
Engineering
2. No
Course description：Describe the nature, academic status, and aims of the course (theory, ability and
technique)
1. Course nature and academic status
The study of any subject matter in engineering should be motivated by an appreciation of the uses
to which the material might be put in the everyday practice of the profession. Measurement systems are
used for many detailed purposes in a wide variety of application areas. Our approach will be to start
with some specific applications in a specific industry and then generalize this picture by developing
classification schemes that apply to all possible situations.
This is an introductory course to mechanical measurements. Types of applications of measurement
instrumentation will be introduced, and generalized configurations and functional descriptions of
measuring instruments will be presented. Then, the course will analyze generalized performance
characteristics of instruments, and tell students how to measure the motion and dimension, force,
torque, and shaft power. At last, manipulating, computing, and compensating devices will be
introduced in the course.
Measurement Techniques is a three credit class.
2. Course aims (theory, ability and technique)
By the end of this course the students are expected to：

understand and use the instrument technical specifications

have the basis for the calibration procedure used in typical measurement systems.

assess the uncertainties of a measurement system,

put together the components of a measurement system and manipulate, compute data got by
sensors.
Requirements for courses; ability and knowledge in advance
Due to the nature of the course, the student is advised to review the fundamentals of Electricity,
signals, control, and ordinary differential equations. Although normal statistical analysis will be used,
prerequisites on statistics are not required.
Course structure explanation:
Make clear the necessary parts, optional parts, distribution of hours. Courses with experiments or
practice are expected to explain hours needed, content, scheme and functions.
Chapter 1 Types of Applications of Measurement Instrumentation
1.1 Why Study Measurement Systems?
1.2 Classification of Types of Measurement Applications
1.3 Computer-Aided Machines and Processes
1.4 Conclusion
Problems 10
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Generalized Configurations and Functional Descriptions of Measuring
Instruments
2.1 Functional Elements of an Instrument
2.2 Active and Passive Transducers
2.3 Analog and Digital Modes of Operation
2.4 Null and Deflection Methods
2.5 Input-Output Configuration of Instruments and Measurement Systems
Methods of Correction for Interfering and Modifying Inputs
2.6 Conclusion
Problems
Chapter 3 Generalized Performance Characteristics of Instruments
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Static Characteristics and Static Calibration
Meaning of Static Calibration
Measured Value versus True Value
Some Basic Statistics
Least-Squares Calibration Curves
Calibration Accuracy versus Installed Accuracy
Combination of Component Errors in Overall System-Accuracy Calculations
Theory Validation by Experimental Testing
Effect of Measurement Error on Quality-Control Decisions in Manufacturing
Static Sensitivity
Computer-Aided Calibration and Measurement: Multiple Regression
Linearity
Threshold, Noise Floor, Resolution, Hysteresis, and Dead Space
Scale Readability
Span
Generalized Static Stiffness and Input Impedance: Loading Effects
Concluding Remarks on Static Characteristics
3.3 Dynamic Characteristics
Generalized Mathematical Model of Measurement System
Digital Simulation Methods for Dynamic Response Analysis
Operational Transfer Function
Sinusoidal Transfer Function
Zero-Order Instrument
First-Order Instrument
Step Response of First-Order Instruments
Ramp Response of First-Order Instruments
Frequency Response of First-Order Instruments
Impulse Response of First-Order Instruments
Second-Order Instrument
Step Response of Second-Order Instruments
Terminated-Ramp Response of Second-Order Instruments
Ramp Response of Second-Order Instruments
Frequency Response of Second-Order Instruments
Impulse Response of Second-Order Instruments
Dead-Time Elements
Logarithmic Plotting of Frequency-Response Curves
Response of a General Form of Instrument to a Periodic Input
Response of a General Form of Instrument to a Transient Input
Frequency Spectra of Amplitude-Modulated Signals
Characteristics of Random Signals
Requirements on Instrument Transfer Function to Ensure Accurate Measurement
Sensor Selection Using Computer Simulation
Numerical Correction of Dynamic Data
Experimental Determination of Measurement-System Parameters
Loading Effects under Dynamic Conditions
Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Motion and Dimensional Measurement
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Fundamental Standards
4.3 Relative Displacement: Translational and Rotational
Calibration
Resistive Potentiometers
Resistance Strain Gage
Differential Transformers
Synchros and Resolvers
Variable-Inductance and Variable-Reluctance Pickups
Eddy-Current Noncontacting Transducers
Capacitance Pickups
Piezoelectric Transducers
Electro-Optical Devices
Photographic and Electronic-Imaging Techniques
Photoelastic, Brittle-Coating, and Moiré Fringe Stress-Analysis Techniques
Displacement-to-Pressure (Nozzle-Flapper) Transducer
Digital Displacement Transducers (Translational and Rotary Encoders)
Ultrasonic Transducers
4.4 Relative Velocity: Translational and Rotational
Calibration
Velocity by Electrical Differentiation of Displacement Voltage Signals
Average Velocity from Measured _x and _t
Mechanical Flyball Angular-Velocity Sensor
Mechanical Revolution Counters and Timers
Tachometer Encoder Methods
Laser-Based Methods
Radar (Microwave) Speed Sensors
Stroboscopic Methods
Translational-Velocity Transducers (Moving-Coil and Moving-Magnet Pickups)
DC Tachometer Generators for Rotary-Velocity Measurement
AC Tachometer Generators for Rotary-Velocity Measurement
Eddy-Current Drag-Cup Tachometer
4.5 Relative-Acceleration Measurements
4.6 Seismic- (Absolute-) Displacement Pickups
4.7 Seismic- (Absolute-) Velocity Pickups
4.8 Seismic- (Absolute-) Acceleration Pickups (Accelerometers)
Deflection-Type Accelerometers
Null-Balance- (Servo-) Type Accelerometers
Accelerometers for Inertial Navigation
Mechanical Loading of Accelerometers on the Test Object
Laser Doppler Vibrometers
4.9 Calibration of Vibration Pickups
4.10 Jerk Pickups
4.11 Pendulous (Gravity-Referenced) Angular-Displacement Sensors
4.12 Gyroscopic (Absolute) Angular- Displacement and Velocity Sensors
4.13 Coordinate-Measuring Machines
4.14 Surface-Finish Measurement
4.15 Machine Vision
4.16 The Global-Positioning System (GPS)
Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 5 Force, Torque, and Shaft Power Measurement
5.1 Standards and Calibration
5.2 Basic Methods of Force Measurement
5.3 Characteristics of Elastic Force Transducers
Bonded-Strain-Gage Transducers
Differential-Transformer Transducers
Piezoelectric Transducers
Variable-Reluctance/FM-Oscillator Digital Systems
Loading Effects
5.4 Resolution of Vector Forces and Moments into Rectangular Components
5.5 Torque Measurement on Rotating Shafts
5.6 Shaft Power Measurement (Dynamometers)
5.7 Gyroscopic Force and Torque Measurement
5.8 Vibrating-Wire Force Transducers
Problems
Bibliography
Chapter 10 Manipulating, Computing, and Compensating Devices
10.1 Bridge Circuits
10.2 Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers
Instrumentation Amplifiers
Transconductance and Transimpedance Amplifiers
Noise Problems, Shielding, and Grounding
Chopper, Chopper-Stabilized, and Carrier Amplifiers
Charge Amplifiers and Impedance Converters
Concluding Remarks
Filters
Low-Pass Filters
High-Pass Filters
Bandpass Filters
Band-Rejection Filters
Digital Filters
A Hydraulic Bandpass Filter for an Oceanographic Transducer
Mechanical Filters for Accelerometers
Filtering by Statistical Averaging
10.4 Integration and Differentiation
Integration
Differentiation
10.5 Dynamic Compensation
10.6 Positioning Systems
10.7 Addition and Subtraction
10.8 Multiplication and Division
10.9 Function Generation and Linearization
10.10 Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation
10.11 Voltage-to-Frequency and Frequency-to-Voltage Converters
10.12 Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters; Sample/Hold Amplifiers
10.13 Signal and System Analyzers (Spectrum Analyzers)
Problems
Bibliography
Teaching methods (Lectures, practice, etc)
Giving lectures is the mainly teaching method, and doing experiments is the secondary method.
Forms of examination and requirements
Structure of the final grade(including presence, class performance, ), focus of exam, forms of
exam(test, interview, final report, etc)
Grading is include:
Final Exam 70% Homework 20% Attendance 10%
Exam Format:
Test (Open book or Close book)
Textbook
References
Website
Name
Publisher
Author
Year
Price
测 量 系 统 应 用 与 设 计
(Measurement Systems Application
and design 5th ed)上下册
机械工业出
版社
Ernest
O.
Doebelin
2008
88.00
Name
Publisher
Author
Year
Price
Figliola and
Beasley
2000
Charles
Wright
1995
Theory and Design for Mechanical
Measurements
Applied Measurement Engineering
Prentice-Hall,
Inc.
P.
http://www.sensorsmag.com/sensors/
http://www.meas-spec.com/myMeas/default/index.asp
http://www.sensorsportal.com/HTML/Sensor.htm
Course
members
Lu Yonghua, Zhao Zhuanping, Yang Ming, Yu Houyun, Ye Ming
College
The College of Mechanics and Electrics