Cell Structure and
Function
Practice Packet
Please read Sections 7.1 and 7.2 in your textbook to complete
the worksheets attached. Use the Internet as an additional
resource if needed!
HW # 1 Cell Structure
BUILD Understanding
Venn Diagram A Venn diagram is made up of overlapping circles. It is a useful tool for comparing two or even
three topics.
Use terms from the box to complete the Venn diagram. Write the letters that represent the words to save
space.
A. cell membrane
B. cell wall
C. centriole
D. chloroplast
E. cytoplasm
F. cytoskeleton
G . DNA found in cytoplasm
H. endoplasmic reticulum
I. Golgi apparatus
J. lysosome
Prokaryotes
K. mitochondria
L. nucleus containing DNA
M. ribosome
N. vacuole
Eukaryotes
Both
G
A, B, E,
M,
F(recently
described,
primitive)
Animal Cells
Cell Organization
Follow the directions.
C (animal cells), D
(plant cells), H, I, J,
K, L, N
Plant Cells
Both
A, E,
1. Use the words below to label the plant cell.
Some structures have been labeled for you.
H, I,
B, D,
C, J
K, L,
M, F,
N
2. Use the words below to label the animal cell. Some structures have been labeled for you.
cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
nucleus
Animal Cell
nucleus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
ribosome
mitochondrion
smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Cell membrane
Golgi Apparatus
centrioles
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Use the words below to label the plant cell. Some structures have been labeled for you.
cell wall
chloroplast
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
Plant Cell
vacuole
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
choloroplast
ribosome
nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER
cell membrane
Cell wall
Use the diagrams to answer the questions.
3. Which structure is found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell? Circle the correct answer.
chloroplast
cell membrane
ribosome
4. What is the main function of vacuoles? Store water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates
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HW #2 Comparing Animal, Plant and Prokaryotic Cells
Read section 7.2 in your textbook.
See pages 206-207 as especially helpful references for the questions below!
1. Which cell structures are categorized as “organelles that capture and release energy”?
and mitochondria
2. Which cell structures are categorized as “cellular boundaries”?
chloroplasts
cell wall and cell membrane
3. Which cell structures are categorized as “organelles that store, clean-up and support”? vacuoles/vesicles,
lysosomes, cytoskeleton (centrioles)
4. Which cell structures are categorized as “organelles that build proteins”?
reticulum, Golgi apparatus
ribosomes, Endoplasmic
5. Name two cell structures that are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells.
wall
Chloroplast and cell
__E, G, H, J___6. Which of the following are common to ALL cells? (Select all correct answers.)
a. nucleus
b. cell wall
c. lysosomes
d. mitochondria
e. cell membrane
f. chloroplasts
g. cytoplasm
h. DNA
i. Golgi
j. ribosomes
k. ER
l. nucleolus
__________7. Which cells are generally larger and more complex, containing a variety of internal organelles?
a. prokaryotic
b. eukaryotic
8. Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell shown at right.
ribosomes
Word bank: cell wall, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes
flagella
**Challenge: can you also label cilia and flagella?**
DNA
Cell membrane
cilia
Cell wall
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HW #3: Functions of Cell Organelles
Match the following organelles with their functions:
______1)
J - Proteins are absorbed, modified, packaged and distributed to their destination in this organelle.
______2)
O - Although not membrane bound, this organelle is the site of protein synthesis.
______3) A - The “Powerhouse” of the cell, this organelle is the site of cellular respiration and production of
ATP.
______4) L - The “skeleton” and “muscles” of the cell, this structure is made of microtubules that also form
cilia, flagella and centrioles.
______5) E - This organelle is green due to the presence of chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.
______6) H - This set of smooth membranes functions to synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs and toxins.
______7) M - This membrane holds the chromosomes within the nucleus.
______8) N - This organelle is very large in plant cells and contains food, enzymes, minerals, wastes and
water.
______9) D - This, the largest object in a eukaryotic cell, holds the cell’s genetic information.
______10) P - Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Contains all organelles and cytosol
(solution in the cell).
______11) G - Composed of cellulose, this gives plant cells stability.
______12) C / M This selectively permeable structure is composed of phospholipids embedded with proteins.
______13) K - This extensive network of membranes is studded with ribosomes and functions as a surface for
protein synthesis and transport of materials.
______14) B - This specialized vesicle contains digestive enzymes and is the site of hydrolysis in animal cells
______15) Q - These small microtubules are involved in animal cell division.
______16) F - Dark sections of DNA and proteins in the nucleus which are the site of ribosome synthesis.
______17) I - Structures within the nucleus that are composed of DNA. Called chromatin in a non-dividing
cell.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
q.
mitochondria
lysosome
cell membrane
nucleus
chloroplast
nucleoli
centrioles
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
cell wall
smooth ER
chromosomes
Golgi apparatus
rough ER
cytoskeleton
m.
n.
o.
p.
nuclear envelope
vacuole
ribosomes
cytoplasm
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HW #4 Key Words in Function of Organelles
Using the list below, fill in the “Key Word(s)” which describes each organelle or cell structure.
___________________________1)
CELL MEMBRANE selectively permeable
___________________________2)
NUCLEUS control center
___________________________3)
CHROMOSOMES genetic information
___________________________4)
MITOCHONDRIA power house
___________________________5)
CHLOROPLASTS food production
___________________________6)
LYSOSOMES digestion/hydrolysis
___________________________7)
CYTOSKELETON internal support, cilia and flagella
___________________________8)
CELL WALL support structure (plants, bacteria & fungi)
___________________________9)
RIBOSOMES site of protein synthesis
___________________________10)
ROUGH ER surface for protein synthesis and transport
___________________________11)
SMOOTH ER detoxification/ lipid synthesis
___________________________12)
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE protects chromosomes
___________________________13)
CENTRIOLES used in animal cell division only
___________________________14)
CYTOPLASM cell contents
___________________________15)
plant cells
CENTRAL VACUOLE water and solute compartment in
___________________________16)
GOLGI protein package and distribution center
___________________________17)
NUCLEOLI site of ribosome synthesis
Lysosome
cell membrane
Nucleus
chloroplast
cell wall
nucleoli
smooth ER
mitochondria
chromosomes
Golgi apparatus
rough ER
centrioles
cytoskeleton
nuclear envelope
large, central vacuole
ribosomes
cytoplasm
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HW #5: How to Interpret Drawings of Plant and Animal Cells
Objective: You will be asked to label the different structures in a cell and will use simple techniques to
determine the identity of structures.
Information: Use the following characteristics to help identify parts of a cell.
1) cell membrane—Outermost part of cell. Can easily be confused with the cell wall (see below).
2) cell wall—If the cell is labeled plant, bacteria or fungi, look for a cell wall on the outside of the cell
membrane. Sometimes drawn as mesh or fiber-like material.
3) nucleus—Usually easy to locate, the largest structure in the cell. Normally oval or round in shape.
The nucleus usually has a line to the center of the circular body.
4) nuclear envelope—The membrane around the nucleus. Usually with obvious nuclear pores or holes.
Can be confused with the nucleus so look for labels that might apply to each part.
5) chromosomes—Usually in the form of chromatin, a spaghetti like group of DNA strands.
Occasionally the chromosomes are shown as X-shaped structures within the nucleus.
6) nucleolus—Dark area(s) (nucleoli) within the nucleus. It is part of the DNA and will be mixed in with the
chromatin. Each nucleus will have one to three nucleoli drawn in.
7) mitochondria—Usually peanut or jelly bean shaped with a squiggle or worm shape within.
May be confused with the chloroplast in a plant cell.
8) chloroplast—Usually has oval to mound shape. Membranes inside are usually stacked like papers.
9) rough ER—Membranes normally located just outside the nucleus and dotted with obvious ribosomes.
10) ribosomes—Represented as small, free floating dots in the cytoplasm or attached to the outside of the
rough ER.
11) smooth ER—Similar to rough ER, usually further away from the nucleus than the ER, never with dots.
12) Golgi apparatus—Shown further away from the nucleus than the ER, looks like stacks of pita bread with
small dots (vesicles) to each side.
13) vacuole—Easily identified as a large, central, fluid filled space in a plant cell. Food vacuoles are much
smaller. Contractile vacuoles are star-shaped.
14) vesicle—Small, fluid filled organelles in animal cells. Easily confused with the lysosome in an animal cell.
15) lysosome—Found in animal cells. They are easily confused with vesicles but sometimes with various
internal features such as small food particles.
16) centrioles--Always shown as a pair, next to the nucleus, and only in animal cells. Look like little,
cylindrical stacks of tubes. Sometimes shown in cross section as a swirl of lines or commas.
17) cytoplasm—Usually labeled with a line pointing to the inside of a cell but not to any particular structure.
Continue on next page
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Directions: Label the organelles in the diagram below of a typical PLANT cell. Note that there isn’t a line
to label the chromosomes or cytoskeleton. You won’t find centrioles, vesicles, or lysosomes in a plant cell.
Label the following Animal cell: Note that there isn’t a line to label the cytoskeleton. You won’t find a
chloroplast, vacuoles or cell wall in an animal cell.
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HW #6 Cell Structure and Function Review
Directions: Use your text book to answer the following questions about cell structures and functions. You
should also use the internet and library as additional resources.
Part I: Fill in the functions for each of the cell structures below:
Cell Structure
Cell membrane
Function
Barrier that regulates what enters and leaves the cell
Mitochondria
Converts chemical energy (glucose) into cellular energy (ATP)
Lysosome
Breaks down large molecules (hydrolysis/ digestion)
Nucleus
Contains and protects DNA
Cholorplast
Captures light energy from the sun and converts it to chemical energy
(glucose)
Area of the nucleus that helps make RNA which is important for protein
synthesis
Nucleoli
Cell wall
Provides strength and structure for the cell
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Chromosomes
Helps synthesize lipids and remove toxins (detoxify)
Golgi apparatus
Packages molecules for transport around or out of the cell
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Synthesis of proteins (on ribosomes) and modification of proteins for
secretion
Cytoskeleton
Proteins that provide cell structure and transport of molecules
Nuclear envelope
Protect and encloses DNA
Vacuole
Stores water, salts , carbohydrates, and proteins
Ribosome
Production of proteins
Cytoplasm
Contains organelles, site of many chemical reactions
Centrioles
Important in cell division (organization of chromosomes)
Vesicles
Store large molecules
Condensed form of DNA (with proteins)- stores genetic information.
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Part 2: Answer the following questions. Write your answers on the lines provided.
___D__1. The basic unit of life is the:
a. organ
c. molecule
b. atom
d. cell
___C__2. The cell theory states that all organisms are made of cells; cells are the most basic unit of life and
a. all existing cells spontaneous appear
b. all cells are eukaryotic
c. all existing cells are produced by other living cells
d. all cells have a nucleus
3. Use complete sentences to summarize the role of the microscope in the development of the cell theory. (use
your text book and additional resources to fully answer the question!)
Microscopes helped scientists to observe cells for the first time. So they could collect data and make hypotheses
and study cells. Through many observations and over time several scientists contributed to the Cell Theory
______________________________________________________________________________
__A___4. Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called
a. organelle
b. prokaryotes
c. eukaryotes
d. nucleus
___C__5. The specialized structure of different types of cells are related to the cell’s:
a. energy
c. function
b. homeostasis
d. mass
___A, D__6. The type of lipids that serve as components of cell membranes is a(n): (2 answers)
a. cholesterol
c. fatty acid
b. glycerol
d. phospholipid
__A__7. What is the term for the jellylike substances that is contained inside the cell membrane?
a. cytoplasm
b. DNA
c. organelle
d. nucleus
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__B___8. Organisms must maintain homeostasis because cells function best when internal conditions:
a. change at regular intervals
b. remain within a limited range
c. reflect external conditions
d. respond to positive feedback
__D___9. Which of the following is a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell?
a. cilia
c. cytoplasm
b. mitochondria
d. cytoskeleton
__A___10. Which organelle contains enzymes that break down damaged cell parts?
a. lysosomes
c. centrioles
b. vesicles
d. vacuole
___B__11. A structure that contains a cell’s genetic information is called
a. nucleolus
c. DNA
b. chromosome
d. RNA
___B__12. What organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
a. nucleus
c. mitochondria
b. ribosome
d. centrioles
___B__13. Muscle cells would have more _______ than skin cells. (Structure related to function)
a. cilia
c. phospholipids
b. mitochondria
d. ribosomes
14. Choose one organelle and relate the structure of the organelle to its function.
______________Answers will vary. Example: The cell membrane is made up of different components (lipids
and proteins) to make it selectively permeable.
______________________________________________________________________________
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