Vocabulary-Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis
Biology 12 Allen
Cell cycle
Centromere
Crossing over
Cytokinesis
Chiasmata
Chromatid
(G1, S, G2, M)
a region on a chromosome that joins two sister chromatids
when segments of homologous chromosomes are exchange (AKA homologous recombination)
The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis
The point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact after crossing over during meiosis
Each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a
double helix of DNA
Diploid
Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Equatorial plate The plane located midway between the poles of a dividing cell during the metaphase stage of mitosis or meiosis
Haploid
The number of chromosomes in a sperm or egg.
Interphase
The phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell. Includes G1, S, G2
Kinetochore
proteins located at the centromere to which kinetochore microtubules attach during mitosis and meiosis
Kinetochore microtubule
a microtubule that attaches to kenetochores. Responsible for allighing replicated chromosomes and
separating sister chromatids.
Meiosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each with half the chromosome number (n) of the parent cell
Mitosis
A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each the same as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth
p arm
The short arm of a chromosome
ploidy
The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell
q arm
The long arm of a chromosome
recombinant chromosomes
chromosomes that have exchanged material with their homologous counterparts.
Sister chromatid Two identical copies of a chromatin connected by a centromere
Somatic cell
Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells
Synapsis
The side-by-side association of homologous paternal and maternal chromosomes during the prophase I of meiosis
Tetrad
A four-part structure that forms during the prophase I of meiosis and consists of two homologous chromosomes, each
composed of two sister chromatids
Zygote
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum