Rigor/Relevance
Framework
LESSON PLAN
Knowledge
Area and/or Course: Agricultural Science - Dairy Industry
Lesson Title: Dairy Industry Trends
No. Periods: 1
6
5
4
3
2
1
Teacher Goal(s):
1. Students will have an understanding of the
magnitude of the dairy industry.
2. Students will explain a typical dairy farm.
C
D
Assimilation
___X____
Adaptation
_______
A
B
Acquisition
_______
Application
_______
1
2
3
Application
Objectives:
The student will be able to (TSWBT). (Oregon Skill Set numbers in parentheses at the
end of the objective statement.)
1. Identify the characteristics of the dairy industry in the United States. (AGS02.01)
2. Explain the impact of the dairy industry in Oregon. (AGS02.01)
3. Describe a typical dairy farm and herd. (AGS08.02)
4. Analyze and interpret data of trends in the dairy industry. (AGPG01.06.01.00,
AGS04.01)
State Standards met by Objectives:
Category
Subject
Common
Curr. Goal
Benchmark
& Number
1.
CRLS
Personal Management
Complete Projects
PASS
2.
Mathematics
Statistics & Prob.
Analyze Data
Criterion D3
3.
English
Writing
Handwriting
PASS
4.
English
Writing
Communication
PASS
Materials, Equipment, Audio-Visual Aids:
References:
1. PowerPoint - Dairy Graphs
Animal Science: By James R. Gillespie
2. Make copies of Quiz, Word Search, and
Worksheet 3.2 for each student.
http://www.aae.wisc.edu/future/trends_
production.htm
Hoard’s Dairyman http://www.hoards.com/
www.ers.usda.gov
Knowledge: 1=awareness; 2=comprehension; 3=application; 4=analysis; 5=synthesis; 6=evaluation
Application: 1=knowledge in one discipline; 2=apply knowledge in one discipline; 3=apply knowledge across disciplines; 4=apply knowledge to real-world predictable situations; 5=apply
knowledge to real-world unpredictable situations
4
5
Anticipatory Set/Introduction/Motivation/Interest Approach:
Review Yesterday’s Lesson:
Quiz over Dairy Terminology. (Quiz is attached to the lesson plan).
As students finish their quiz give them a word search. (It is titled Dairy Terms and is
attached to the back of the lesson plan). Once everyone is done with the quiz, begin the
lesson and have students put away the word search (the remainder of the word search
will need to be completed at home before the next class period.)
Set:
Have students number a piece of paper one through twelve. Inform them that they are
going to play a game called “fact or fiction.” Read a number and they have to simply
write “fact” or “fiction” on their paper.
1. FACT or FICTION: Greeks eat the most cheese – an average of 54 pounds per year.
2. FACT or FICTION: Vanilla is America’s favorite ice cream flavor.
3. FACT or FICTION: George Washington enjoyed ice cream so much he ran up a
$200 ice cream bill one summer.
4. FACT or FICTION: The milk mustache advertising campaign was launched in 1995.
5. FACT or FICTION: Cows have an acute sense of smell - they can smell something
up to 6 miles away!
6. FACT or FICTION: Most cows chew at least 50 times per minute.
7. FACT or FICTION: There are approximately 340-350 squirts in a gallon of milk.
8. FACT or FICTION: Cows drink 35 gallons of water a day -- the equivalent of a
bathtub full of water.
9. FACT or FICTION: It takes 12 pounds of milk to make one gallon of ice cream.
10. FACT or FICTION: It takes 21.2 pounds of whole milk to make one pound of butter!
11. FACT or FICTION: It takes 10 pounds of milk to make one pound of cheese.
12. FACT or FICTION: The record milk production for a single cow in a year is 55,660
pounds of milk.
Once you have given them all twelve questions, have them correct their own papers.
Go through each question. Ever answer (1-12) is FACT. Find out who did the best.
Transition (Use Objective):
For the rest of the period you (students) need to imagine that you are buying a dairy farm,
but you want to know if it is wise and what trends are supporting your investment. By
the end of the day you will be able to:
1. Identify the characteristics of the dairy industry in the United States.
2. Explain the impact of the dairy industry in Oregon.
3. Describe a typical dairy farm and herd.
4. Analyze and interpret data of trends in the dairy industry.
Strategy – Includes Teacher
Activity, Student Activity,
Questions/Answers and
Objectives
Objective 1:
Teacher Activity: PowerPoint
Student Activity: Take Notes.
Q: How can farmers stay in
business when milk prices stay the
same and expenses continue to
increase?
A: Dairy Farmers have to become
more efficient (larger) and
increase production per cow.
Q: How can farmers can increase
production of cows?
A: Farmers have increased
individual milk production each
year through feeding better feeds,
breeding better, and managing
each herd better.
Objective 2:
Teacher Activity: PowerPoint
Student Activity: Take Notes.
Q: Where does Oregon rank in the
United States in Dairy Production?
A: (21st) Not one of the top ten
states, but still plays a huge role in
Oregon’s economy.
Q: Where does Milk Production
rank in Oregon Commodities?
1. Greenhouse/nursery ($844 mil)
2. Cattle and calves ($503 mil).
3. Hay ($372 mil)
4. Dairy ($363 mil)
5. Grass seed ($351 mil)
Subject Matter Outline/Problem and Solution
(Application Points Lace in Throughout Lesson)
(Modeling, Guided Practice, and Content)
National Dairy Production
1. US - 76 million tonnes
2. Russia - 32 million tonnes
3. India - 31 million tonnes
4. Germany - 28 million tonnes
5. France - 25 million tonnes.
Average milk price has stayed the same over the past 25-30
years. Feed Prices have increased.
• Milk Production at all time high!
– 179.9 Billion Pounds of milk in 2005
– (19,576 pounds) Average Milk per cow.
1. Washington = 23,270 pounds
2. Arizona = 22,957 pounds
• Fewer farms with larger herds
 1954 = 10 cows per herd avg.
 2004 = 111 cows per herd avg.
Oregon Dairy Production
4th Oregon Commodity ($363 million)
There are approximately 350 dairy farm families in Oregon,
producing top quality dairy products from about 120,000
dairy cows.
The average farm size is 300 acres, and consists of
approximately 450 dairy animals per farm.
About 75 percent of these animals are Holstein, 20 percent
are Jersey and the remaining 5 percent are other breeds.
Average milk production per cow is 19,000 pounds
annually. Most animals are bred with artificial insemination
and are milked twice a day.
Q: What is the second largest
Nearly 55 percent of the state's milk is sold as fluid, the
tourist attraction in Oregon?
remaining 45 percent goes into cheese, yogurt, sour cream,
A: The Tillamook Cheese
ice cream, butter and other cultured products.
Factory. The Dairy Industry has a
huge impact on the Oregon’s
economy. Fourth biggest
commodity and second biggest
tourist attraction.
Q: How many pounds of fresh
milk does it take to make one
pound of cheese?
A: It takes approximately ten
pounds of fresh, creamy milk to
make one pound of nutrient-dense
cheese.
Oregon Cheese:
Almost everyone loves one type of cheese or another and
Oregon produces some of the finest cheese in the world.
Although Oregon may be known for award-winning
cheddar, more than 400 varieties of delicious, nutritious
cheese are available on the market today. Currently, there
are five cow's milk cheesemakers in the state.
Cheese has had a GREAT impact
on the growing milk production!
The average person eats 31 pounds
of cheese in a year.
Although all cheese begins as milk, different manufacturing
and aging processes are used to produce the array of
cheeses available in the marketplace today. Cheese can be
made from whole, 2% reduced fat, 1% low-fat or fat-free
milk, or combinations of these milks.
Q: How much milk will it take to
make enough cheese for the
average person to eat in a year?
A:
10 lbs. milk / lbs. cheese
x 31 lbs. of cheese
310 lbs. of milk
Objective 3:
Teacher Activity: PowerPoint
Student Activity: Take Notes.
Dairy farming is hard work.
Why would someone want to dairy
farm?
Q: What makes a successful dairy
farmer?
1. Patience
2. Willing to work long hours
3. Manage Money
Q: How many times a day do
most dairy farms milk?
A: Two, but some farms still milk
three. You can get more
production out of milking cows
three times a day, but it can wear
them out faster.
The herd average in America is
114 head/farm. (Bigger farms and
less total farms).
Objective 4:
Handout worksheet 3.2
Students need to work
independently and answer the
questions on the worksheet
completely, and to the best of their
ability.
In 2004, Oregon milk production was 2.5 million pounds
(converting to nearly 300 million gallons). From that, over
90 million pounds of cheese was produced and the
remainder was sold as fluid milk and other dairy products.
What makes a successful dairy farmer?
1. Patience
2. Willing to work long hours
3. Manage Money
– Average milk price has stayed the same over
the past 25-30 years.
– Feed Prices have increased.
Average capital investment is very high to start dairy.
• $4000-5000 per cow
• Dollar returned on money invested 6-9%
Typical Herd
The typical mix of animals in a dairy herd for 100 milking
cows is:
Milking herd:
o 92 healthy cows
o 4 cows that have recently given birth
o 4 cows with special needs
o 16-20 dry (not lactating) cows and close-up heifers
o 70-90 replacement calves and heifers
Analyze and interpret what you have learned.
Homework:
Research more trends in the industry and include findings
in your paper. (Read the instructions for the assignment
clearly).
Closure/Summary/Conclusion (Tie in Objectives)
Understanding different trends are critical when you are looking to get involved in any business
or investment, especially in agriculture. They help you predict what might happen in the future.
It is also important to know facts that will help you understand your investment even more. Now
that you can recognize several trends in the dairy industry (U.S. & Oregon), you can now predict
where you think the dairy industry is heading and if it would be a smart investment.
Evaluation: (Authentic forms of Evaluation, Quizzes, or Written Exam)
An oral quiz will be given at the beginning of the next class. Seven students will be called on at
random and will have to answer a question.
Assignments: (Student Activities Involved in Lesson/Designed to Meet Objectives)
Students will complete worksheet 3.2.
Students will also formulate a three-paragraph essay (instructions are included on worksheet
3.2). This essay will elaborate on all the trends that were discussed in class. The last paragraph
will also predict where they see the dairy industry in the future.
Lesson Reflection
The class started off very good. Students liked the “Fact or Fiction” exercise. They were really
surprised by some of the answers. The statements I used were fun and interesting facts that
students didn’t know. Students were surprised that they were facts. I really think they will
remember those facts for a long time. Having a good anticipatory set allowed students to
become interested in material that can sometimes be boring. They were attentive and interested
in the trends in the dairy industry. I was surprised how well this lesson went. I think trends and
statistics are interesting, but I didn’t expect students to feel the same way. Of the few students I
quizzed at the end of school, they all seemed to remember what we had discussed throughout the
class.
Name:
Date:
3.2 Worksheet
U.S. Per Capita Consumption
(Fill in the rest of the table.)
Year
Butter
1975
255
1985
23.8
1995
1999
Cheese
28
3.9
27.8
4.5
213
526
20.1
27.7
28.6
589
29
1. Construct a paragraph that interprets the graph below. Explain all of the data shown
on the graph and clarify how this is consistent with the current trend in America.
2. Write a three-paragraph well developed essay elaborating on the all the current dairy
industry trends that were discussed in class (total cows, total farms, expenses, prices,
National, Oregon, etc.). Research the internet for more trends and share findings. In
the last paragraph predict where you see the dairy industry heading. Is it consistent
with the current trends or different? (Attach this to your paper)