What I Need to Know about Reproduction
Compare the methods of asexual and sexual reproduction.
Place an X in the box if the characteristic applies.
Reproduction
Type
One
parent
Two
parents
Reprod.
quickly
Characteristics
Reprod. Identical
Genetic
Slowly
to parents variation
Many
offspring
Few
offspring
Asexual
Sexual
Complete the chart below.
Method of Asexual Reproduction
Brief Description
Organism
Bacteria
1.
Offspring grows from parent, then
breaks off; identical to parent
2.
3. Vegetative Propagation
Describe the events of the cell cycle.
1. Label the phases of the cell cycle (Interphase, G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinisis)
2. Provide a brief description of what is happening in each phase.
Interphase _____________________________________
G1______________________________________
S_______________________________________
G2 _____________________________________
In mitosis – the nucleus/cytoplasm divides.
In cytokinesis - the nucleus/cytoplasm divides
1
Describe the relationship between DNA, genes, and chromosomes.
Create a thinking map to show the relationship between DNA, Genes, and chromosomes or draw
pictures with labels.
Describe/model mitosis and explain why it is a critical part of the cell cycle (chromosome
number, limit variation)
Explain how you know that the diagram below is the process of mitosis.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
Purpose – Why do cells go through mitosis? (HINT: Remember the three Rs)
1. ___________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________
3. __________________________________________
Chromosome number before mitosis and after mitosis: ___n
___n
Number of cell divisions: two or four (underline one)
How many new cells are produced? Two or four (draw a box around the correct choice)
Type of cell produced? Haploid or diploid (underline one from each group) Somatic or sex
Mitosis is critical because…
_______________________________________________________________________________
2
Describe/model meiosis and explain its role in sexual reproduction (chromosome number,
increase variation).
Purpose – Why do cells go through meiosis? HINT: What is being produced (made)?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Chromosome number before and after: ___n
___n
Number of cell divisions: two or four (underline one)
How many cells are produced? Two or four (draw a box around the correct choice)
Type of cell produced? Haploid or diploid (underline one from each group) Somatic (body) or
sex cell
Describe two ways genetic variation is increased during meiosis
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
Describe how crossing over increases the chance for gene variation.
Use the following words to complete the paragraph: not, homologous, chromosome, genetic, change,
Meiosis, traits, offspring, chromosome
Crossing-over is the exchange of ______________ material. It occurs when _________________
chromosomes pair up with one another. It happens when segments of one __________________
break off and _____________ places with another __________________. Crossing-over occurs in
the first phase of ___________. This process can result in many new combinations of __________.
Some ____________________ may have combinations of features that are _______ seen in either
parent.
3
Compare mitosis and meiosis.
Characteristics
Mitosis
Where it occurs in the
organism
Meiosis
Sex organs
Number of cells produced
from parent cell
Chromosome number of
parent cell
2n
Chromosome number in
daughter cells
Somatic
Type of cell produced
Function
1. Examine the table below. Fill in the missing information based on the numbers that are given.
Organism
Human
Cat
Somatic (Body Cell) Cell
Chromosome Number
46
38
Onion
8
Rye
14
Guinea pig
26
Chicken
Gamete (egg & sperm)
Chromosome Number
23
39
4
2. Using the information from the previous table, complete the following. The first one is done for you.
Organism
Human
Gamete
Gamete (Egg)
(Sperm)
Chromosome
Chromosome Number
Number
23
23
Zygote
Chromosome
Number
(Fertilized Egg)
46
Somatic Cell
Chromosome
Number
46
Cat
Onion
Rye
Guinea pig
Chicken
Explain fertilization and how it results in genetic variation.
What is fertilization?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
How does fertilization result in genetic variation?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What is produced (made) as a result of fertilization (This is when egg and sperm come
together)?
________________________________________________________________________________
Explain what a karyotype is and how what it can help determine.
What is a karyotype?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
What can a karyotype be used for?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
5
Circle the abnormality in the following karyotype.
Does this karyotype represent a male or female?
Describe reproduction in angiosperms (flowering plants). Use the diagram to complete the
chart and corresponding questions.
The male gamete is called ___________________, which is made in letter ____.
The female gamete is called __________________, which is made in letter ____.
Flower Part
Petals
Matching Letter
Function
____
Stamen
____ + ____
Anther
____
Pistil
____
Ovary
____
6