Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
Instructions
You will have 50 minutes to complete the following exam. The exam is worth a total of 100
points. Each multiple choice question is worth 1 point, and each correct step in the organization
questions is worth 1 point. Five pre-identified questions will be used to break ties. These tiebreaker
questions have been noted in the exam.
Record all answers on the provided answer sheet. Any writing in the test packet will not be
considered when scoring the exams.
Each team may bring one non-programmable calculator and a single 8½ x 11 sheet of paper
with notes (front and back, hand-written or computer generated).
Good luck!
Resources Used
1. The Weather Identification Handbook by Storm Dunlop
2. Meteorology Demystified by Stan Gibilisco
3. The Weather Book by Jack Williams
4. Understanding Weather and Climate by Edward Aguado and James E. Burt
5. Meteorology Today by C. Donald Ahrens
6. Various websites within the NOAA domain
1. In which weather system can tornados NOT form?
a. Frontal boundaries
b. Squall lines
c. Tropical cyclones
d. Mesoscale convective complexes
e. Tornados can form in all of the above.
2. Of the cells described in the three-cell model, which has the strongest basis in reality?
a. Hadley cell
b. Ferrell cell
c. Polar cell
d. All cells represent actual weather patterns
3. Why is the observation of a hook on a supercell significant?
a. Their appearance usually means a tornado is imminent.
b. Hooks precede dangerous downbursts and microbursts.
c. They indicate that the supercell will soon dissipate.
d. Hooks indicate increasing instability in the upper atmosphere that can create additional
storms.
e. None of the above.
4. In cloud-to-ground lightning, the actual lightning event is preceded by the rapid and staggered
advance of a shaft of negatively charged air, called a ______, from the base of the cloud.
a. Dart leader
b. Return stroke
c. Charge separation
d. Stepped ladder
e. None of the above
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
5. Doppler radar uses what type of electromagnetic waves?
a. Radiowaves
b. Microwaves
c. Infrared waves
d. Visible light waves
e. Gamma ray waves
6. The planetary wind system results from
a. The rotation and uneven heating of the Earth.
b. Different climates in different regions.
c. Local winds.
d. The sun and tides.
e. All of the above.
7. [Tiebreaker 5] If the barometric pressure at a given location is 1013.9 mb, how would you
report this number on a weather station?
a. 1013.9
b. 13.9
c. 1.39
d. 139
e. 10139
8. During a hurricane, which of the following factors has the least impact on the height of the
storm surge?
a. Storm intensity
b. Central pressure
c. Angle of approach
d. Width and slope of continental shelf
e. Concavity of coastline
9. Suppose a winter storm dropped 5 cm (2 in) of precipitation in its melted form. But the
temperature was near freezing, resulting in 25 cm (10 in) of wet snow. If the temperature had
been much colder and the snow had thus been much drier and fluffier, which of the following
figures represents a good estimate of the snow that would have accumulated from the same
storm at the same location?
a. 2.5 cm (1 in)
b. 10 cm (4 in)
c. 25 cm (10 in)
d. 50 cm (20 in)
e. 75 cm (30 in)
10. Seattle, Washington is at roughly the same latitude as the extreme northern part of the state of
Montana. But Seattle has much warmer winters than any part of Montana. The reason for this is
the fact that
a. Seattle receives most of its winter storms from the mountains to its east, while Montana
receives its winter storms from the cold plains to its east.
b. Seattle is dominated by atmospheric high-pressure systems in the winter, while
Montana is dominated by low-pressure systems.
c. Seattle is dominated by atmospheric low-pressure systems in the winter, while Montana
is dominated by high-pressure systems.
d. Seattle receives its winter weather systems from the relatively warm Pacific Ocean,
while Montana receives its winter weather systems after they have passed over the
colder land mass.
e. None of the above.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
11. Select the correct description of cyclonic or anticyclonic movement.
a. Air spirals counterclockwise in the upper atmosphere around a high in the Northern
hemisphere.
b. Air spirals counterclockwise at the ground around a low in the Southern hemisphere.
c. Air spirals clockwise in the upper atmosphere around a high in the Southern
hemisphere.
d. Air spirals clockwise at the ground around a low in the Northern hemisphere.
e. None of the above.
12. Which of the following statements about the three-cell model of circulation is false?
a. The model includes the Hadley, Ferrell, and Polar cell.
b. The subtropical highs in this model are also referred to as the horse latitudes.
c. The equator in this model is also referred to as the Intertropical Convergence Zone.
d. The model was created by George Hadley as an improvement to the single-cell model.
e. All of the above are true.
13. The boundaries separating humid air from dry air, called ______, are extremely important in
the spring and summer in the south Great Plains of North America because severe storms
frequently form along them.
a. Occlusions
b. Fronts
c. Drylines
d. Derechos
e. Squall lines
14. Funnel clouds are must likely to develop in the ______ of a tropical cyclone.
a. Eye
b. Forward semicircle
c. Gust front
d. Eyewall
e. Rainband
15. Of the given cities in the United States, which experiences the most lightning?
a. Seattle, Washington
b. San Francisco, California
c. Portland, Maine
d. Wichita, Kansas
e. Orlando, Florida
16. In a thunderstorm, air moving downward with a diameter smaller than 4 km is called a
a. Downdraft.
b. Downburst.
c. Microburst.
d. Macroburst.
e. Microdraft.
17. Identify the type of lightning that is best described by the following definition: “a luminous,
spherical discharge ranging from a centimeter to a meter in diameter that may persist for
several seconds”.
a. Bead lightning
b. Ball lightning
c. Rocket lightning
d. St. Elmo’s Fire
e. Sprite
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
18. Which of the following statements about air mass thunderstorms is false?
a. They are the most common and least destructive of thunderstorms.
b. They are contained within uniform air masses.
c. Their cells experience three distinct stages- the cumulus, mature, and dissipative stage.
d. They occur near frontal boundaries.
e. All of the above are true.
19. An extremely strong tropical storm occurring over the Indian Ocean is most frequently referred
to as a
a. Hurricane.
b. Gale.
c. Cyclone.
d. Whirlwind.
e. Typhoon.
20. [Tiebreaker 1] The United States National Hurricane Center defines the Atlantic hurricane
season as the period from
a. June 1 to November 30.
b. May 15 to November 30.
c. May 15 to November 15.
d. June 1 to November 15.
e. June 15 to November 15.
21. High pressure areas generally move across the United States from
a. North to south.
b. West to east.
c. East to west.
d. South to north.
22. Mesocyclones are a characteristic of
a. Tropical rain showers.
b. Large low-pressure systems.
c. All low-pressure systems.
d. Supercell thunderstorms.
e. All of the above.
23. The top of a typical thunderstorm cloud exists at an altitude of approximately
a. 1,200 m above sea level.
b. 12,000 m above sea level.
c. 120,000 m above sea level.
d. 1,700 m above sea level.
e. 17,000 m above sea level.
24. Identify a correct distinction between tropical and extratropical storms.
a. The center of a tropical storm is warmer than the surrounding air while the center of an
extratropical storm is colder than the surrounding air.
b. Extratropical storms form over a tropical ocean while tropical storms form outside the
tropics.
c. Tropical storms have fronts while extratropical storms do not have fronts.
d. The strongest winds of an extratropical storm are near the Earth’s surface while the
strongest winds of a tropical storm are in the upper atmosphere.
e. None of the above.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
25. What type of front can result in a thermal inversion?
a. Cold front
b. Warm front
c. Occluded front
d. Stationary front
e. Squall front
26. What is the most dangerous effect of a thunderstorm?
a. Heavy rain
b. Hail
c. Derechos
d. Lightning
e. Tornadoes
27. Of the following tornado tracks, which is the most dangerous?
a. Straight
b. Looping
c. Broken
d. All are equally dangerous
28. Suppose you live on the oceanfront in the southeastern United States. Which of the following
sets of observed phenomena suggests that a hurricane is directly approaching you? In all cases,
the breakers are increasing in size and decreasing in frequency.
a. Breakers that come from a direction that backs from right to left, along with strong
winds that always blow in the direction from which the swells come.
b. Breakers that come from a direction that veers from left to right, along with strong
winds that always blow from which the swells come.
c. Breakers that come from a direction that remains constant, along with strong winds that
back until they are blowing from your left toward your right as you face in the direction
from which the swells come.
d. Breakers that come from a direction that remains constant, along with strong winds that
back until they are blowing directly offshore, regardless of the direction from which the
swells come.
e. Breakers that come from a direction that remains constant, along with strong winds that
veer until they are blowing from your right toward your left as you face in the direction
from which the swells come.
29. The most common method of hail control has been aimed at
a. Getting the hail stones to fall to the surface before they can grow large enough to be
destructive.
b. Increasing the temperatures at high altitudes, so precipitation cannot freeze to form hail,
and will fall as rain instead.
c. Causing massive thunderstorms over unpopulated and nonagricultural areas, in an
attempt to release the energy in a storm system before it can produce hail over a
populated or agricultural area.
d. Decreasing the temperature in storm clouds, so hail is more likely to fall as sleet or
snow instead.
e. Causing severe thunderstorms to move faster, so they spend less time over any given
area, reducing the amount of hail that falls over any particular point on the surface.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
30. Which of the following statements about the mature stage of a mid-latitude cyclone is false?
a. The likelihood of precipitation along the warm or cold front increases toward the center
of low pressure.
b. A band of cumuliform cloud cover runs along and ahead of the cold front.
c. A band of stratiform cloud cover lies ahead of the warm front.
d. Precipitation tends to be light along the warm front because its more gradual slope leads
to slower uplift.
e. All of the above are true.
31. In the Fujita scale, which category is most commonly achieved by tornadoes? What is the
highest category that can actually occur in nature?
a. F0 and F1; F5
b. F0 and F1; F6
c. F2 and F3; F5
d. F2 and F3; F6
32. When a group of thunderstorms appears as a roughly circular cluster, they are referred to as
a(n)
a. Mesoscale convective system.
b. Squall line.
c. Mesoscale convective complex.
d. Outflow supercell.
e. All of the above.
33. What is the most destructive part of a hurricane?
a. Rainband
b. Eyewall
c. Eye
d. Gust front
e. Forward semicircle
34. The term recurve, with respect to a hurricane, means that a storm
a. Completes a 360º loop.
b. Follows a path that turns toward the pole.
c. Follows a path that turns toward the equator.
d. Follows a straight path in the tropics.
e. Deviates from a forecasted storm path.
35. Which of the following statements about lightning is false?
a. The most frequent type of lightning occurs between or within clouds and never hits the
ground.
b. Lightning generates nitrogen compounds that help the fertilization of soil.
c. A lightning stroke is accompanied by the acceleration of electrons through the
atmosphere.
d. Lightning is beneficial because it increases the charge of the atmospheric capacitor.
e. All of the above are true.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
36. In theory, a lightning rod provides a “cone of protection” for buildings. You can calculate the
approximate minimum height that a lightning rod must have to protect your house with the
following formula: h=1.2(d /2), where d is the distance between opposite corners of the gables
and h is the height of the lightning rod above the roof. Suppose your roof measures 3ft by 4ft,
and is 7ft above the ground. How high should your rod be relative to the surface of the earth to
protect your house?
a. 3 feet
b. 10 feet
c. 12 feet
d. 13 feet
e. 14 feet
37. In which part of a supercell is a tornado most likely to form?
a. Cyclonic portion
b. Anticyclonic portion
c. Bicyclonic portion
d. Along the gust front
e. Near forming microbursts
38. [Tiebreaker 3] While watching the sky over several hours, you notice a series of cloud types.
Cirrus and cirrostratus clouds are gradually succeeded by altostratus clouds. The altostratus
clouds are then followed by precipitating nimbostratus clouds. Based on this succession of
cloud types, what kind of front likely passed through?
a. Cold front
b. Occluded front
c. Polar front
d. Stationary front
e. Warm front
39. Of the following cloud types, which indicate atmospheric instability and a high likelihood of
thunderstorms?
a. Altocumulus floccus
b. Altocumulus castellanus
c. Altocumulus lenticularis
d. A and B only
e. All of the above
40. Which of the following statements about tornado watches and tornado warnings is false?
a. The announcement of a tornado watch does not guarantee that a tornado has been
sighted.
b. A tornado warning is often issued for a smaller region than a tornado watch.
c. Most tornado watches and warnings are issued during spring.
d. A tornado warning is frequently accompanied by sirens.
e. Tornado warnings are only given when a funnel cloud is seen by observers.
41. Suppose a tornado approaches from the west, traveling along a straight-line path. From which
direction will the strongest winds blow?
a. West
b. East
c. North
d. South
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
42. Suction vortices in a tornado system
a. Can cause strange and extreme damage.
b. Always rotate in an anticyclonic direction.
c. Are accompanied by powerful downdrafts.
d. Produce strong straight-line winds.
e. None of the above
43. Funnel clouds are most likely to develop in the _____ of a tropical cyclone.
a. Eye
b. Hadley cell
c. Gust front
d. Rainband
e. Forward semicircle
44. Which of the following semipermanent pressure cells is NOT observed in January?
a. Aleutian low
b. Icelandic low
c. Bermuda-Azores high
d. Siberian high
e. Tibetan low
45. Why do air mass source regions only occur at high and low latitudes?
a. The weather in the middle latitudes is too variable.
b. The middle latitudes do not demonstrate temperature extremes.
c. The solar angle of the middle latitudes is not conducive to air masses.
d. Frequent cloud cover in the middle latitudes prevents the formation of air masses.
e. None of the above.
46. As a hurricane approaches and ocean swells become larger, the frequency of the swells
a. Increases.
b. Stays the same.
c. Decreases.
d. Rotates counterclockwise.
e. Rotates clockwise.
47. Suppose you are standing on a beach on the Gulf Coast of southwest Florida and there is a
tropical storm offshore, directly west of you. Imagine that you are well within the circulation of
the storm, so you are experiencing gale force winds. These winds blow from the
a. West.
b. East.
c. North.
d. South.
48. If the main vortex of a tornado rotates at 120 kt, there are secondary vortices rotating at 40 kt,
there are suction vortices rotating at 50 kt, and the whole system is moving at 20 kt, with
respect to the surface from the southwest to the northeast, the highest winds blow at
a. 120 kt
b. 160 kt
c. 180 kt
d. 210 kt
e. 230 kt
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
49. The rainfall in a hurricane can be difficult to measure because
a. Anemometers rarely survive the extreme winds in the eyewall.
b. The wind can interfere with the ability of a rain gauge to catch the rain.
c. The amount of rain is often greater than any instrument is designed to measure.
d. The barometric pressure can get too low for a rain gauge to work properly.
50. In January, a deep trough in the jet stream over the Atlantic coast of the United States might
result in
a. Blizzards in California.
b. An El Nino event.
c. Freezing weather in Florida.
d. Increased thunderstorms in Kansas.
e. All of the above.
51. The mid-latitude jet streams carry high and low pressure systems generally ________ at
temperate latitudes, primarily between 30ºN and 60ºN, and between 30ºS and 60ºS.
a. From the equator toward the pole
b. From lower altitudes to higher altitudes.
c. Against the direction of the prevailing winds.
d. From west to east.
52. A tornado has a measured wind speed of 143 mph. Which Fujita category does the tornado fall
into?
a. Fl
b. F2
c. F3
d. F4
e. F5
53. A supercell is characterized by
a. Zero voltage between clouds and the ground.
b. The absence of charge in the atmospheric capacitor.
c. The occurrence of lightning, but only at high altitudes.
d. The absence of lightning.
e. A rotating cumulonimbus cloud.
54. Suppose a heavy, isolated thunderstorm develops over Kansas. A large portion of the storm
begins rotating counterclockwise (as viewed from above). This storm has become
a. A hurricane.
b. An anticyclone.
c. An occluded thunderstorm.
d. A supercell.
e. A squall line.
55. An Alberta clipper is a
a. Fast-moving summer thunderstorm that can contain tornadoes.
b. High wind from the north that blows over the Rocky Mountains.
c. Temperature inversion in the Pacific Northwest that produces fog.
d. Slow-moving, intense, warm high-pressure system over Canada.
e. Fast-moving winter storm that crosses the northern United States.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
56. What is the purpose of TVS radar?
a. To predict the pathways of hurricanes
b. To predict the potential storm surge of a hurricane
c. To monitor mesocyclones within cumulonimbus clouds
d. To predict the pathways of tornadoes
e. To monitor extensive squall lines
57. Which state has the most tornadoes annually?
a. Oklahoma
b. Kansas
c. Texas
d. Florida
e. Nebraska
58. Which of the following statements describes a safe action to take during a tornado?
a. The southwest corner of a basement is the safest place to hide during a tornado.
b. Opening windows to equalize air pressure will save a roof, or even a home, from
destruction by a tornado.
c. Highway overpasses are a safe place to shelter if you are driving when you see a
tornado coming.
d. If you are caught outdoors when a tornado approaches and can’t find shelter, the safest
course of action is to lie in a ditch.
e. If you are in the city, subways are one of the safest places to take shelter during a
tornado.
59. How do waterspouts compare to tornadoes in terms of intensity, on average?
a. More intense
b. Same intensity
c. Less intense
60. The term “steering currents” is often heard in conjunction with
a. The circulation around a high-pressure system.
b. The air turbulence within a thunderstorm.
c. The difference in wind speed in various parts of a frontal cyclone.
d. Hurricane track prediction.
61. The position of the jet stream can often be used to predict
a. Where large low-pressure systems will go.
b. Where small thunderstorms in larger cyclones will go.
c. The temperature difference between the upper and lower atmosphere.
d. The wind speed at any given location.
e. None of the above.
62. Lake-effect snow can be expected on the southern shore of Lake Ontario when the temperature
is below freezing, a low pressure system is passing, and a strong wind is blowing from
a. South to north
b. Southwest to northeast
c. West to east
d. Northwest to southeast
e. Southeast to northwest
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
63. People who attempt to surf in breakers caused by an approaching hurricane can be endangered
by
a. Littoral currents
b. Rip currents
c. Undertow
d. B and C only
e. A, B, and C.
64. If you are stranded in your car in a blizzard, which of the following is a bad idea?
a. Stay with the vehicle as much as possible.
b. Run the engine for 10 minutes per hour.
c. Keep the exhaust pipe clear.
d. Eat snow as a source of water.
e. Turn on the emergency flashers.
65. Which of the following statements is true?
a. A storm tide is an abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the
predicated astronomical tides.
b. Storm tides and storm surges are synonymous.
c. In terms of height, storm tides are always higher or equal to storm surges.
d. The term “storm surge” is associated with hurricanes, while the term “storm tide” is
associated with typhoons.
e. None of the above.
66. A tropical depression becomes a tropical storm when
a. It develops one or more closed isobars.
b. Its maximum sustained winds reach 34 kt.
c. It develops a visible eye in satellite images.
d. Lightning begins to occur.
e. None of the above.
67. A Doppler radar can reveal rotation within a thunderstorm, a predictor of tornado evolution, by
detecting
a. Changes in height and density of the clouds.
b. Changes in the direction from which the echoes are reflected.
c. Changes in the speed at which the radio waves are returned.
d. Changes in the frequency of the returned radio waves.
e. Changes in lightning activity.
68. Pressure in a mid-latitude cyclone
a. Decreases toward the center.
b. Remains the same everywhere.
c. Decreases, then increases toward the center.
d. Increases, then decreases toward the center.
e. Increases toward the center.
69. Indicate the proper sequence of events from two air masses of different densities to the
development of a mid-latitude cyclone.
a. Wave develops; front develops; cyclonic circulation
b. Front develops; wave develops; cyclonic circulation
c. Front develops; cyclonic circulation; wave develops
d. Cyclonic circulation; front develops; wave develops
e. Cyclonic circulation; wave develops; front develops
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
In questions 70 through 73, the following temperatures and dew points are observed. What is the most
likely type of air mass present?
70. Temperature of 29 ºC (85 ºF) and dew point of 19 ºC (66 ºF)
a. mT
b. cA
c. cT
d. mP
e. cP
71. Temperature of -18 ºC (0 ºF) and dew point of -21 ºC (-5 ºF)
a. mT
b. cA
c. cT
d. mP
e. cP
72. Temperature of 3 ºC (38 ºF) and dew point of 0 ºC (32 ºF)
a. mT
b. cA
c. cT
d. mP
e. cP
73. Temperature of 38 ºC (100 ºF) and dew point of -4 ºC (25 ºF)
a. mT
b. cA
c. cT
d. mP
e. cP
74. Which hurricane has been the most expensive in the history of the United States?
a. Hurricane Katrina
b. Hurricane Andrew
c. Galveston Hurricane
d. Hurricane Camille
e. Hurricane Rita
75. Which hurricane has been the deadliest in the history of the United States?
a. Hurricane Katrina
b. Hurricane Andrew
c. Galveston Hurricane
d. Hurricane Camille
e. Hurricane Rita
76. Which hurricane was NOT observed during the active 2005 Atlantic hurricane season?
a. Hurricane Katrina
b. Hurricane Dennis
c. Hurricane Wilma
d. Hurricane Jeanne
e. Hurricane Rita
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
77. Hurricane Camille would be placed in which category in the Saffir-Simpson scale?
a. Category 1
b. Category 2
c. Category 3
d. Category 4
e. Category 5
Use the above surface station model to answer questions 78 through 81.
78. [Tiebreaker 4] What air temperature is recorded at this station?
a. 48º F
b. 48º C
c. 45º F
d. 45º C
79. What amount of pressure change has occurred in the past three hours?
a. 138 mb
b. 13.8 mb
c. 22 mb
d. 2.2 mb
80. What is the present weather at the station?
a. Heavy rain
b. Light drizzle
c. Light rain
d. Moderate rain
81. Which of the following statements best describes the wind direction?
a. The wind is blowing from the northwest.
b. The wind is blowing from the southeast.
c. The wind is blowing to the northwest.
d. The wind is blowing to the southeast.
Use the above diagram for questions 82 and 83. This is a diagram of a hypothetical hurricane. Gray
curves represent rainbands. The central gray ring represents the eyewall. The central white dot
represents the eye. Gray arrows represent surface wind circulation. The large black arrow indicates
the direction in which the hurricane is moving.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
82. In which of the following locations might this storm be taking place?
a. Off the east coast of Australia.
b. Off the west coast of England.
c. Off the east coast of the United States.
d. In the Caribbean.
e. In the Gulf of Mexico.
83. [Tiebreaker 2] At which point is a tornado impossible?
a. Point W
b. Point X
c. Point Y
d. Point Z
e. A tornado is possible at any of the points.
Use the above image to answer questions 84 and 85.
84. What type of storm is best illustrated in the above figure?
a. Mid-latitude cyclone
b. Hurricane
c. Tornado
d. Anticyclone
e. None of the above
85. When the cold front overtakes the warm front, which of the following clouds is most likely to
form?
a. Stratus fractus
b. Cumulonimbus calvus
c. Altocumulus stratiformis
d. Cirrostratus nebulosus
e. Cirrus fibratus
Use the above radar diagram to answer questions 86 and 87.
Meteorology 2011 ~ Severe Storms ~ Exam
86. The above diagram demonstrates the evolution of a(n) ______ and its progression.
a. Squall line
b. Bow echo
c. Tornado
d. Mid-latitude cyclone
e. Anticyclone
87. The dashed line indicates the areas with the greatest potential for developing
a. Cyclones.
b. Downbursts.
c. Thunderstorms.
d. Tornados.
e. All of the above.
The following steps describe how water powers hurricanes.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The lighter air rises.
Humid air rises.
The latent heat warms the surrounding air, making it lighter.
As warm air rises, more air flows in to replace it. This causes wind.
When water vapor in rising air condenses into water drops, it releases latent heat.
88. Order the five above steps chronologically on your answer sheet. (5 points total)
The following descriptions are steps in the lifecycle of a thunderstorm.
a. In summer, ice melts on the way down.
b. Updrafts continue feeding warm, humid air into the storm. Existence of both updrafts
and downdrafts make this the storm’s most violent stage.
c. Warm, humid air- called updrafts- rises from the ground.
d. When ice crystals or water drops grow big enough to overcome the updraft, they begin
falling, dragging down the air.
e. Downdrafts grow, choking off updrafts.
f. The falling precipitation and air being dragged down form downdrafts.
g. As the air cools to its dew point, condensation begins forming a cloud.
h. With its supply of humid air cut, the storm begins dying and the rain tapers off.
89. Order the eight above steps chronologically on your answer sheet. (8 points total)