NAME:______________________________________________
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
Resources:
Brainpops: Six Kingdoms, Protists, Fungi, Plants, Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Mammals.
Sponges, Corals, Molusks, Seedless Plants, Seed Plants
Textbook: Use the index to find the pages.
Classification of organisms:
DOMAINS:
______Bacteria_
______Archaea_________
______Eukarya__________
KINGDOMS:
______Bacteria_________
______Archaea__________
______Protists__________
______Fungi____________
______Plants____________
______Animals__________
Classification from the broad to the specific:
Did
____________Domain_________
King
____________Kingdom________
Phillip
____________Phylum_________
Come
____________Class___________
Over
____________Order___________
For
____________Family__________
Good
____________Genus___________
Soup?
____________Species__________
KINGDOM
DOMAIN
Unicellular or
Multicellular?
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
or
Eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Autotroph or Sexual or
Heterotroph? Asexual
reproduction?
Both
Mostly asexual
BACTERIA
ARCHAE
Archaea
Prokaryotic
Unicellular
Both
Asexual
PROTIST
Eukarya
Eukaryotic
Both
Both
FUNGI
Eukarya
Eukaryotic
Heterotroph
PLANT
Eukarya
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
(except for
yeast)
Multicellular
Sexual and
asexual
Mostly sexual
ANIMAL
Eukarya
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Sexual or
asexual.
Sexual or
asexual.
BACTERIA and ARCHAE: Not included in this quarter.
PROTISTS:
*What are protists? A Eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals,
plants or fungi.
* Habitat where all protists live?__Wet environments_
* Classification (3 groups):
Group
__Fungus-like___________
__Plant-like________ _____
__Animal like_____________
Characteristics
_Heterotroph, cell wall, spores___
_Unicell and multicell, autotroph,_
_Unicell, move, heterotroph_____
Example
__Mildew___
__Algae____
__Amoeba___
FUNGI:
*What are fungi?_Eukaryotic heterotrophic organism with cell walls. ___
*Environment where they are found?_Moist environments__________________
*What does the fungi cell have in common with a plant cell? _ Cell Wall________
* How do fungi get food?__Hyphae excrete enzymes that digest the food. Then the
hyphae absorves the nutrients.____
*Reproduction: _By spores. Spores can go through sexual or asexual reproduction
depending on the species of fungus.__
*What are hyphae?_Branching thread like tubes that make up the fungus._________
*What is a fruiting body? _The reproductive structure with spores and hyphae.
Example: The mushroom part that you eat in your pizza. __
*Why is fungi important in your life and in the environment?
____Decomposers______________________
____Recyclers _________________________
____Fight diseases (antibiotics) ___________
____Provide food ______________________
____Symbiosis with organisms (ex. Plants) ___
* Draw a mushroom and label the cap, gills, stalk, and underground hyphae.
Cap
Gills
Stalk
Hyphae
Underground
hyphae (mycelium)
Classification:
Group
_Club fungi_______
_Zygote fungi __
_Sac fungi
Characteristics
Spores produced in Club like
structure
Spores produced in Flat
structures
Spores produced in long sac
Example
Mushrooms
Breadmolds
Yeast, truffels
PLANTS:
*What are plants?_ Multicellular organisms that can make their own food, have a cell
wall, and a vacuole.
*Environment where they are found?_Any land environments.
* What does Vascular mean? _Piping system that transport liquids and gives support
to the plant.
*Why are plants important in YOUR life?_They clean the air you breath. They
provide food in the way of energy to you, no matter what you eat.
*Classification:
*Non Vascular: Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts.
*Vascular:
*Seedless: Ferns, Horsetails, Club Mosses.
* Seed plants
*Gymnosperms: Conifers (pines), Cycads, Ginko.
*Angiosperms: Flowering plants (they produce a fruit)
NON-VASCULAR PLANTS:
*Examples: Mosses, Liverworts and hornworts.
*Characteristics they all share:_
*small
*no roots
*no seeds but spores to reproduce
*live by water to move the spores
VASCULAR PLANTS- SEEDLESS
*Examples: Ferns, Horsetails, Club Mosses.
*Characteristics they all share:
*true vascular system for support and to move water
*spores to reproduce
VASCULAR PLANTS- WITH SEEDS
Type of plant
Conifers (Gymnosperms)
Reproduction
Sexual reproduction using
cones (cones are make and
female)
Other characteristics
Don’t loose leaves in
winter,
Green scale leaves.
Flowering plants
(Angyosperms)
Sexual reproduction using
flowers.
Seed enclosed in fruit.
Most common type of
plant.
ANIMALS:
*What are animals? Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms that can move. Most of
them have higher levels of cell organization (organ systems).
* 2 groups according to Backbone:
__________Invertebrates________________
__________Vertebrates_________________
*3 types of symmetry used for classification:
___Bilateral: organism can be divided in two similar parts. Ex. Humans.
___Radial: organism can be divided in “slices”. Ex. Sea Star._
___No symmetry: not possible to divide the organism in similar parts. Ex.
Sponges.
MOST COMMON INVERTEBRATES:
PHYLUM
Food
Characteristics
Filter feeders.
Simple organisms. No body structure, no
Sponges
Eats tiny organisms symmetry, no organs.
floating in the
Made of two layers of cells with a flagella that push
water.
water to filter it and eat.
Larvae moves and adults are sessile (attach to one
place).
Reproduces sexually or asexually.
Eat with tentacles
Radial symmetry. No body structure, no symmetry,
Cnidarians (jelly
fish, Anemone and and stingers to catch no organs. Made of two layers of cells. Polyps and
prey.
medusa stages.
Corals)
Polyps are sessile and medusa is mobile.
Dead or decaying
Bilateral symmetry. Flat, soft as jelly. Planarians
Platyhelminthes
material
and parasite, to small to be seen.
(Flat worms)
Nematods (Round
worms)
Decaying matter
Bilateral symmetry. Open digestive system at both
ends. Cylindrical.
Mollusks
(clams,mussels,
snails, octopus,
squids.
Decaying material,
or other animals
Annelids
(Segmented worms)
Decaying matter
Bilateral symmetry. Soft, unsegmented, covered by
hard shell, except for the octopus. Organ called
“foot” for locomotion.
Water mollusks have gills, land mollusks have
lungs.
Bilateral symmetry. Segmented sections. Organs
repeated in segments. One way digestive system.
Arthropods
(insects, arachnids
and crustacean)
Diverse diet
depending on the
species: carnivores,
herbivores,
omnivores.
Equinoderms (sea
star, sand dollar)
Eat mollusks, crabs,
sponges, seaweed,
etc.
Bilateral symmetry. External skeleton, segmented
body, jointed feet.
Crustacean: 10 feet. Ex. Lobster, crabs
Arachnids: 8 feet. Ex. Spiders, ticks, daddy long
legs.
Insects: 6 feet. Ex: wasps, flies, bees,
grasshoppers.
Radial symmetry. System of fluid-filled tubes,
internal skeleton, tube feet.
Filter feeders, or predators. Live in salt water.
* Explain why are corals considered animals. __Corals are multicellular and
heterotroph (eat prey) organisms. The hard structure we see is a secretion from the
polyp that lives inside to create a house.
VERTEBRATES:
*What is an endoskeleton? _Having a spine inside that gives support.
* Regulation of temperature:
Ectoterms:_Organisms that don’t’ regulate their internal temperature, but it
depends on the temperature of the environment. Examples: Fish, reptiles, frogs.
Endoterms: _Organisms that regulate their own temperature by controlling
the internal heat it produces. Examples: Birds and mammals.
CLASSIFICATION OF VERTEBRATES:
Group
Temperature
Reproduction:
(Egg types,
regulation:
(ectoterms or
other systems)
endoterms)
Ectoterms
External
Fish
fertilization.
* Jawless fish
*Cartilaginous
Egg without a
fish
shell.
Other important characteristics
(include # of heart chambers)
Heart: 2 chambers.
Swimming bladder.
Have gills to get oxygen from
water.
* Bony fish
External
fertilization.
Egg without a
shell.
Heart: 2 chambers.
Tadpoles are herbivores and have
gills.
Adults are carnivores and have
lungs.
Live near water.
Ectoterms
Reptiles:
Turtles, Lizards,
Snakes.
Internal
fertilization.
Egg with a
shell.
Heart: 3 chambers.
Live in most extreme
environments like deserts.
Endoterms
Internal
fertilization.
Egg with a
shell.
Hear: 4 chambers.
Beaks and feet reflect diet and
environment.
Can live in many different
environments.
Endoterms
Internal
fertilization.
Lay eggs.
Heart: 4 chambers.
Baby is born at
early stage and
finishes
developing in
pouch.
Baby develops
in womb until
complete
development.
Ex. Koalas, Kangaroos,
Opossums.
High diversity in Australia.
Amphibians:
Frogs, Toads
and
Salamanders
Ectoterms
Birds
Mammals

Monotrems

Marsupial

Placental
Ex. Platypus, Equidna.
Only few species.
Ex. Elephant, human, mouse.
Most common type of mammals.