Name: ____________________
TOPIC 2: Measuring Earth (p.18 – 36)
p.18
Size and Shape of Earth
1. Is the Earth a perfect sphere? Explain?
2. List 3 pieces of evidence for the Earth’s spherical shape:
a.
b.
c.
3. Earth’s surface is very ______________ compared to its diameter.
p.19
Spheres of Earth
4. The spheres of the Earth are arranged from lowest to highest _________________ moving
toward Earth’s center.
5. List all the spheres of the Earth illustrated in Fig 2-2 from lowest to highest density:
Outer Spheres of the Earth
6. Define Atmosphere:
7. What two gases is the atmosphere mostly composed of?
8. Name the strata or layers of the atmosphere:
9. What are the boundaries or interfaces between the layers of the atmosphere called?
10. Define Hydrosphere:
11. Define Lithosphere:
12. Are the lithosphere and the crust the same thing? Explain.
Answer questions 1-17 on pp.20 & 21.
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Name: ____________________
TOPIC 2: Measuring Earth (p.18 – 36)
p.22
Locating Positions on Earth
13. The _____________________________ coordinate system is the one most commonly used
to locate points on Earth’s surface.
14. What are the angular units that latitude and longitude are measured in? ________________
Latitude
15. Define Latitude:
16. All points that have the same latitude lie on a circle that is ___________________ to the
equator.
p.19
Measuring Latitude
17. The altitude of Polaris (the North Star) is equal to _________________________________.
18. Define Altitude (as intended in question 17 above):
19. What is the altitude of Polaris at the equator? ___________________
20. What is the altitude of Polaris at the North Pole? ________________
21. Use figure 2-3 to find out what the altitude of Polaris is at Toronto Canada. _____________
STUDY THE 2-5 A & B
22. Where are the pointer stars and what can they help you find in the sky?
Longitude
23. Define Longitude:
24. Complete the analogy  The equator is to latitude, as the ____________________ is to
longitude.
25. The 180 degree meridian is the continuation of the ______________ __________________
on the other side of the Earth. This meridian somewhat follows the ___________________
____________ ______________ .
p.24
Measuring Longitude
26. The moment the sun reaches its highest altitude in the sky is called ___________ _______.
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Name: ____________________
TOPIC 2: Measuring Earth (p.18 – 36)
MEMORIZE # 27 ↓
27. The Earth rotates from ___________ to _____________ at the rate of one rotation per day –
360º in 24 hours – it rotates ______________ .
28. What is GMT?
29. In general, longitude can be calculated by finding the time difference in hours between
__________________________________ and _______________________________ and
multiplying by 15º.
30. Complete the “Digging Deeper” after the Using Latitude and Longitude reading section.
Answer questions 18 – 30 on pp.24 &25.
p.26
Fields
31. Define Isoline:
32. What is the difference between isotherms, isobars, and contour lines?
33. How can gradient be estimated?
34. Write the equation for calculating gradient:
Answer questions 31 – 34 on p. 27
p.27
Mapping Earth’s Surface
35. What kind of lines are used to draw topographic maps?
36. What does the contour interval tell you about a topographic map?
37. What happens to the shape of a contour line as it crosses a stream?
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Name: ____________________
TOPIC 2: Measuring Earth (p.18 – 36)
38. Draw a series of contour lines that represent a hill and draw a series of contour lines that
represent a depression:
HILL
DEPRESSION
p.28
Horizontal distance on Maps
39. What is the most common type of map scale?
Topographic Map Gradient and Profile
40. In fig 2-8, the gradient is steep just to the east of Vails Gate Ridge, so the contour lines are
__________________________ . In the area around Denman Orchard, the gradient is
gentle, so the contour lines are ______________________ .
41. What is a profile?
42. Draw a compass rose:
43. List the eight cardinal directions:
Answer questions 35 – 48 on p. 31
Complete the Questions for Regents Practice as a study guide for the next unit test.
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