Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Discuss the possible origin of eukaryotic cell structures, referring to the
theory of endosymbiosis.
·
One cell took in others
·
In vacuoles by endosymbiosis
·
Kept them alive instead of digesting them
·
One became the mitochondrion, and another the chloroplast
·
Original cell respired anaerobically
·
(prokaryotic) cell that respired aerobically became mitochondrion
·
(prokaryotic) cell that photosynthesized became the chloroplast
·
Symbiosis/mutualism benefits both/all cells involved
·
Ribozome sizes of mitochondria and chloroplasts evidence for symbiosis
·
Presence/type of DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts evidence for
endosymbiosis
·
Presence of two membranes is evidence for symbiosis.
Draw a diagram to show the ultra-structure of a generalized animal cell as
seen in electron micrographs
State one function of each of these organelles: Ribosome, RER, Lysosome,
Golgoi Apparatus, Mitochondrion, Nucleus, Chloroplast, Nucleus,
1.
Ribosome
a. Synthesizes proteins
2.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
a. Transports proteins from Ribosomes to other parts of the cell (such
as Golgi)
3.
Lysosome
a. Responsible for the cell's digestion/destruction of macromolecules,
old cell parts, and microorganisms
4.
Golgi Apparatus
a. The Golgi complex is the site of the modification, completion, and
export of secretory proteins and glycoproteins
b. Forms vesicles to export contents
5.
Mitochondrion
a. Site of second stage of aerobic respiration (ATP synthesis and Kreb’s
Cycle)
6.
Nucleus
a. Chromosomes contain DNA
b. DNA arranged as genes which control all cell activities
7.
Chloroplast
a. Two stages of photosynthesis
State two similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
1.
Cell Membranes
2.
Ribosomes
3.
Cytoplasm
4.
Nucleic Acids
State two differences between eukaryotic nucleus and prokaryotic nuclear
material
1.
Eukaryotic – Nuclear Membrane
exclusively in nucleus
2.
Prokaryotic – No Membrane
cytoplasm
DNA in Chromosomes DNA
DNA Loop
Describe three differences between animal and plant cells
DNA & RNA in
1.
Plant Cellulose Cell Wall
Vacuole in Cell Sap
2.
Animal-
No CCW
Chlorophyll in Chloroplasts
No CIC
Vesicles
State the composition and function of the plant cell wall
1.
Provide support (as water enters the cell osmotically the cell wall resists
expansion and an internal pressure is created which provides turgidity for
the plant)
2.
To give direct support to the cell and the plant as a whole by providing
mechanical strength.
3.
To permit the movement of water through and along it and contribute to
the movement of water in the plant as a whole in particular the cortex of the
root
4. Made of cellulose microfibrils embedded in an amorphous polysaccharide
matrix
5. Polymer of 10,000 beta-glucose molecules forming a long unbranched chain
6. Many chains run parallel and have cross-linkages