Bio 10 10 Introduction to Biology I Spring 2012 Section One Exam (Watch for negative words like “not.”)
1. The systematic collection and testing of phenomenon in an attempt to rationally explain those observations is:
A. Science
B. Theology
C. Astrology
D. Philosophy
2. Which of the following is a true statement about the scientific method?
A. It begins with speculation
B. Experimentation and data collection are the final steps
C. It can be used on supernatural phenomenon and philosophical matters
D. It is a framework for organizing investigation and considering evidence in a repeatable way
3. A tentative and testable explanation of a natural phenomenon based on previous knowledge is:
A. An experiment
B. A hypothesis
C. A theory
D. Faith
4. In the scientific method, a variable that is manipulated in an experiment in order to observe its effect is:
A. An independent variable
B. A dependent variable
C. A control variable
D. A placebo
5. In the statistical analysis of experimental results:
A. More variation in the data means that the results are more likely due to the manipulation of the variable
B. Less variation in the data means that the results are more likely due to the manipulation of the variable
C. The smaller the data sample size, the more robust the analysis will be
D. Statistics provide absolute confidence of outcome
6. Why is a theory different from a hypothesis?
A. Hypotheses have more supportive evidence and are based on more observations than a theory
B. A theory is much broader in scope than a hypothesis, encompassing multiple hypotheses
C. Theories are ‘just’ guesses, and have little validity in the real world
D. Hypotheses are almost always accepted as the ‘truth’
7. Before publication in a reputable journal, a scientific manuscript needs to pass:
A. The approval of the scientist’s supervisor or mentor
B. The approval of anonymous peer review
C. Statistical validation
D. A double-blind test
8. The use of scientific principles to study life is called:
A. Genealogy
B. Astronomy
C. Geology
D. Biology
9. Which of the following is not a necessary characteristic of life?
A. Structural organization
B. Homeostasis
C. Movement
D. Evolution
10. Biological organization is:
A. A hierarchically arranged continuum
B. An artifact of the way we see the world
C. Arranged in order, ending with the organism
D. Arranged in order, starting from the organism
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11. Organisms that extract energy and manufacture nutrients from sources that have never been alive are called:
A. Decomposers
B. Heterotrophs
C. Consumers
D. Autotrophs
12. The state of internal constancy within the body and/or cells of living organisms is called:
A. An emergent property
B. Homeostasis
C. Meditation
D. Trophism
13. The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom roughly defines:
A. Th at element’s atomic valence state
B. That element’s atomic decay rate
C. That element’s atomic number
D. That element’s atomic mass
14. An ion is an atom that:
A. Has more or less neutrons and protons than its standard elemental form
B. Has more or less electrons than its standard elemental form
C. Has more or less neutrons than its standard elemental form
D. Has more or less protons than its standard elemental form
15. Atoms held together by chemical bonds in combination with themselves and/or with other atoms are:
A. Isotopes
B. Elements
C. Molecules
D. Radioactive
16. A chemical bond formed between atoms that share electrons is:
A. An ionic bond
B. A nuclear bond
C. A covalent bond
D. A hydrogen bond
17. A bond formed between a partially electropositive atom and a partially electronegative atom is:
A. An ionic bond
B. A nuclear bond
C. A covalent bond
D. A hydrogen bond
18. Hydrogen bonds do not :
A. Occur within NaCl crystals
B. Occur within liquid water
C. Occur within proteins
D. Occur within DNA
19. Molecules that readily dissolve in water are polar, so they are also:
A. Hydrophobic
B. Homophobic
C. Hydrophilic
D. Homophilic
20. An acid is a chemical that :
A. D oesn’t change the hydrogen ions in a solution, and has a value of seven on the pH scale
B. T akes hydrogen ions from a solution, and has a value above seven on the pH scale
C. A dds hydrogen ions to a solution, and has a value below seven on the pH scale
D. C auses hallucinations
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21. Hydrolysis, that is the addition of water, to organic biochemical molecules is often used to:
A. Build up complex organic biochemical molecules from individual monomers
B. Break down complex organic biochemical molecules into individual monomers
C. Achieve cohesion between monomers of complex organic biochemical molecules
D. Achieve adhesion between monomers of complex organic biochemical molecules
22. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides are all examples of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Nucleic acids
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
23. Triglycerides, sterols, and waxes are all examples of:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Nucleic acids
C. Proteins
D. Lipids
24. Proteins are made from ___________________ linked by special covalent bonds called ________________.
A. Amino acid monomers, the peptide bond
B. Triglyceride monomers, the fatty acid bond
C. Nitrogenous base monomers, the hydrogen bond
D. Monosaccharide monomers, the saccharide bond
25. Hydrogen bonding between the atoms of nonadjacent amino acids forming alpha helices and beta sheets is:
A. Primary structure
B. Secondary structure
C. Tertiary structure
D. Quaternary structure
26. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine are ________________________ found in ___________.
A. Monosaccharides, carbohydrates
B. Nitrogenous bases, DNA
C. Nitrogenous bases, RNA
D. Amino acids, proteins
27. Which statement is not a part of “the cell theory” as originally postulated in the mid 1800’s?
A. Cells have a structure inside them called the nucleus surrounded by a substance called cytoplasm
B. Cells are the elementary particles of organisms; the fundamental units of structure and function
C. Spontaneous generation is a common occurrence in both laboratory and ‘real-world’ scenarios
D. All cells come from preexisting cells
28. Which feature is not true for all cells and all of cellular life?
A. Heritable genetic information is stored in the form of RNA
B. Protein molecules perform various ‘worker’ and structural roles
C. Ribosomes are structures (‘nano-factories’) that manufacture proteins
D. A selectively permeable membrane surrounds and contains the entire assembly
29. The cell membrane:
A. Is primarily composed of phospholipid molecules
B. Never has protein molecules embedded within it
C. Is made of molecules with a hydrophilic tail and a hydrophobic head
D. Is made of molecules that will spontaneously form a one molecule thick sheet on water
30. The three domains of life in the modern Woese system of classification are:
A. Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi
B. Animalia, Plantae, and Monera
C. Prokarya, Eukarya, and Protista
D. Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
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31. Which of the following statements is not a true characteristic of Bacterial cells?
A. They have ribosomes
B. They have a cell wall made of cellulose
C. Their primary DNA is circular and ‘loose’ within the cell
D. They may have accessory DNA molecules named plasmids
32. Which of the following statements is not a true characteristic of Archaeal cells?
A. All of them are extremophiles
B. Many of their genes are unique to their domain
C. Their primary DNA is circular and ‘loose’ within the cell
D. Their cell walls and membranes are unique to their domain
33. Which of the following statements is not a true characteristic of Eukaryotic cells?
A. They possess membrane-bounded organelles
B. They are the product of ancient endosymbiotic events
C. Their primary DNA is contained in a membrane-bound nucleus
D. They are more closely related to Bacterial cells than to Archaeal cells
34. Which of the following statements is not true regarding the endosymbiotic theory?
A. Some ancient cell engulfed other ancient cells, which became mitochondria and chloroplasts
B. Chloroplasts have their own DNA very similar to photosynthetic [Cyano]bacterial DNA
C. Mitochondria have their own DNA very similar to aerobic [Proteo]bacterial DNA
D. Bacteria have mitochondria and chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic event
35. Which of the following is not true about the nucleus?
A. It contains DNA
B. Its nucleolus assembles ribosomes
C. It has pores to let substances in and out
D. It is surrounded by a triple layer of phospholipid bilayers
36. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whether rough or smooth, does which of the following things?
A. Produces and/or processes biochemical molecules that exit the ER in vesicles
B. Moves biochemical molecules from outside the cell to inside the nucleus
C. Manufactures DNA and RNA that is moved to the nucleus
D. Manufactures ribosomes for the cell
37. The Golgi apparatus does which of the following things?
A. It is the site for digesting and degrading various toxins and poisons
B. It is a processing center for the contents of vesicles
C. It manufactures DNA and RNA
D. It manufactures ribosomes
38. Which of the following organelles/structures uses enzymes to digest and recycle worn out cell parts and other debris?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Chloroplasts
39. Which of the following organelles/structures neutralizes hydrogen peroxide in its cellular digestion/recycling role?
A. Nucleus
B. Lysosomes
C. Peroxisomes
D. Golgi apparatus
40. Which of the following organelles/structures is important in maintaining turgidity and water balance in cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Vacuoles
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Endoplasmic reticulum
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41. Which of the following is not a characteristic of chloroplasts?
A. They produce glucose from sunlight and CO
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using photosynthesis
B. They are the product of an ancient endosymbiotic event
C. They are found in some protists and most plants
D. They are found in some animals
42. Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria?
A. They extract energy from glucose using aerobic cellular respiration
B. They are the product of an ancient endosymbiotic event
C. They are found in Bacteria and Archaea
D. They are found in most all Eukaryotes
43. Which of the following statements is not true rega rding a cell’s cytoskeleton
A. It is composed of microtubules and micro- and intermediate filaments
B. The structures aid in cell division, scaffolding, and transport
C. It is found in the cytoplasm of Eukaryotic cells
D. It is a scary Halloween costume
44. Which of the following types of cell junctions connects adjacent cells in plants?
A. Anchoring (also called adhering)
B. Plasmodesmata
C. Tight
D. Gap
45. Which of the following types of cell junctions connects adjacent cells in animal organs like the stomach where an impervious sheet needs to be created?
A. Anchoring (also called adhering)
B. Plasmodesmata
C. Tight
D. Gap
46. Membranes in cellular life are selectively permeable; this means that they:
A. Only let certain substances pass through them
B. Let all substances pass through them
C. Let no substances pass through them
D. Only let water pass through them
47. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane:
A. Is called osmosis
B. Is active transport
C. Is facilitated diffusion
D. Rarely happens in a cell
48. Concentration gradients across a selectively permeable membrane:
A. Have one side with a greater concentration of solutes than the other side
B. Have the same concentration of solutes on both sides
C. Are not used by cellular life in metabolismC
D. Require no energy to maintain
49. The simple diffusion form of passive transport is different from active transport, in that active transport:
A. Requires no energy to maintain
B. Uses the process of pinocytosis
C. Requires integral membrane transport proteins
D. Moves molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
50. Phagocytosis is:
A. A type of exocytosis in which particles are expelled from a cell
B. A type of endocytosis in which particles are engulfed by a cell
C. A slang term for homophobia
D. Always receptor-mediated
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