Chapter 5 Review Sheet
Be sure to study the following vocabulary:
Valence electron- the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
Periodic Table- an arrangement of the elements according to their atomic
numbers
Alkali Metals- the elements in Group 1 of the periodic table; they are the most
reactive; their atoms have one valence electron
Alkaline Earth Metals- the elements in Group 2 of the periodic table; very reactive
but less than alkali metals; have 2 valence electrons
Group- each vertical column of elements (from top to bottom) on the periodic
table
Period- each horizontal row (from left to right) on the periodic table
Family- elements having similar properties, forming one of the vertical columns
on the periodic table
Transition Metals- metals in Groups 3-12 of the periodic table
Halogens- the elements in Group 17 of the periodic table; they are very reactive
nonmetals; their atoms have 7 valence electrons
Noble Gases- The elements in Group 18 of the periodic table; they are
unreactive nonmetals; their outer energy level is full
Atomic mass- number of protons and number of neutrons in an atom
Atomic number- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Reactivity- an element or molecule’s ability or tendency to undergo a chemical
reaction with another element or molecule
Then study the following questions and answers:
1. Describe the difference between periods and groups. Periods are the
horizontal rows from left to right Groups are the vertical columns up and
down
2. What can you tell about an atom based on its location in a period? It
shares the same number of energy levels and similar increasing atomic
masses with the other atoms in that period.
3. What can you tell about an atom based on its location in a group? It
shares the number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties as
the other elements in that group.
4. What do members of a family have in common? Each share the same
number of valence electrons and similar chemical properties
5. What’s the difference between an electron and a valence electron?
Electrons are the negatively charged particles outside the nucleus of an
atom. The valence electrons are specific electrons that are only found on
the outermost energy level.
6. What are the 3 types of elements on the periodic table? Metals,
Nonmetals, and Metalloids
7. List the names of each of the families on the periodic table. Hydrogen,
Alkali metals, Alkaline Earth metals, Transition metals, Boron, Carbon,
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Halogens, Noble Gases
8. What direction do periods run on the periodic table? Rows, left to right,
horizontal
9. What direction do groups run on the periodic table? Columns, up and
down, vertical
10. How are the elements aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and phosphorus (P)
MOST similar? They share the same number of energy levels and similar
atomic masses
11. In a comparison of metals to nonmetals in the same period, metals have a
____lower__________ ___atomic mass___________
12. When determining an element’s chemical properties, the MOST important
subatomic part to look at is ___valence electrons______________
13. Which group (columns) in the Periodic Table is made up PRIMARILY of
elements that are gases at room temperature? Group 18, Noble Gases
14. Which group in the Periodic Table is made up of nonreactive elements?
Group 18, Noble Gases
15. Which groups in the Periodic Table are made up of reactive metals? Group 1
except Hydrogen
16. If you are looking at Period 4 of the Periodic Table, which of the elements on
the Periodic Table would have the LARGEST atomic number? The ones in
Group 17 and 18, far right, Bromine and Krypton
17. What element is pictured below?
__________Boron___________________
18. Which two elements shown below would have the MOST similar chemical
properties? Why?
____sodium and potassium or magnesium and calciumThey are in the same family or group__________________
19. How would you classify Carbon? Nonmetal with 6 protons
20. How does the atomic mass of metals compare with nonmetals in the same
period? Metals have a smaller atomic mass than nonmetals