Investigative Science 2014 - Semester 1 Final Study Guide
Know key terms. Be able to respond to review questions.
You will need a calculator for this exam.
Skills of Science
Qualitative
Quantitative
Observation
Inference
Prediction
Hypothesis
Astronomy
Nebula
White Dwarf
Galaxy
Black Dwarf
Big Bang Theory
Nebular Hypothesis Theory
Nuclear fusion
Red Giant
Black Hole
Supernova
Structure of Matter
Compound
Element
Chemical formula
Pure substance
Mixture
Properties of Matter
Matter
Luster
Electrical Conductivity
Reactivity
Ductility
Oxidation
Malleability
Elasticity
Uniformity
Density
Physical Property
Chemical Change
Physical Change
Condensation
Periodic Table
Valence electron
Atomic number
Atomic mass
Nucleus
Proton
Neutron
Electron
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Ion
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Bohr model
Period
Group
Family
Chemical Reactions
Endothermic
Exothermic
Product
Reactant
Precipitate
Conservation of Matter
Energy
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Conservation of Energy
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
Chemical energy
Phase change
Cells
Cell cycle
Mitosis
Meiosis
Microscope
Scientific Process and Chemistry
What is physical science?
1. What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations? Give examples
2. What is the difference between inferring and predicting?
Scientific Inquiry
1. Explain the role of a hypothesis in a scientific inquiry
2. Be able to identify and explain the differences between variables: independent, dependent, and controlled.
3. How is data communicated?
4. Determine an appropriate graph that best illustrates data. (For example, line graphs, bar graphs, pie graphs, etc)
Science Laboratory Safety
 Be able to describe safe behavior and appropriate procedures in all science inquiry.
o Preparing for the lab
o Performing the lab
o End-of-lab procedures
o In case of an accident
Describing Matter
1. Classify matter in terms of elements, compounds, and mixtures.
2. Classify matter as being homogeneous or heterogeneous.
3. Investigate how the transfer of energy can affect the physical and chemical properties of matter.
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Be able to determine physical and chemical properties of matter? (physical properties: boiling point, melting point, solubility
and chemical properties: reactivity, flammability, etc.)
5. What kinds of properties are used to describe matter?
6. What are elements, and how do they relate to compounds?
7. What are the properties of a mixture?
8. What is the difference between a heterogeneous mixture and homogeneous mixture? Give examples.
9. What is the difference between an element, compound and a mixture? Give examples.
10. How are chemical bonds formed?
Measuring Matter
1. What is the difference between weight and mass?
2. Know units for measurements of properties of matter. (For example, mass, volume, density)
3. What scientific tools are used to determine measurements of matter? For example, volume or mass.
4. Volume: define, units, and how is it calculated?
a. How can the volume of an object be determined? Cube, or irregular shaped object
5. Density: define and determine how it is used to identify matter.
Changes in Matter
1. What is a physical change? Give examples
2. What is a chemical change? Give examples
3. How are physical and chemical changes in matter related to changes in energy?
4. What is the law of conservation of mass?
5. How are temperature and thermal energy related?
6. What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic change?
States of Matter
1. What are the characteristics between a solid, liquid, and a gas?
Changes of State
1. What happens to a substance during changes between solid and liquid?
2. What happens to a substance during changes between liquid and gas?
3. What happens to a substance during changes between solid and gas?
4. Are changes in state a physical or chemical property of matter?
5. How is energy related to changes of states of matter?
Introduction to Atoms
1. Describe the particles of an atom. What are the particles and where are they found?
a. Nucleus, protons, neutrons, electrons, and energy levels
2. What is the atomic number?
3. What is the relationship between isotopes and mass number?
Organizing the Elements
1. What information about elements does the periodic table provide?
2. What are periods and groups?
3. Why are groups also known as families?
4. What are the characteristics of each family based upon?
5. How are groups identified?
6. How do you read the periodic table? Refer to pages 112 and 113.
a. How do you read an element’s square?
7. How does the periodic table change as it moves left to right? Atomic Number? Atomic mass?
8. How can you make predictions about the location of elements on the periodic table?
Metals
1. What are the physical properties of metals? Give examples.
2. What are the chemical properties of metals? Give examples.
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How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?
Where are the most reactive metals found on the periodic table?
Identify the group numbers of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and transition metals.
Nonmetals and Metalloids
1. What are properties of nonmetals?
2. What are the physical properties of nonmetals? Examples.
3. What are the chemical properties of nonmetals? Examples
Atoms and Bonding
1. What particles in the atom are involved in the bonding of atoms?
2. How is the reactivity of elements related to valence electrons in atoms?
3. What does the periodic table tell you about atoms and the properties of elements?
4. What are valence electrons and where are they found on the atom?
5. Why are valence electrons important in chemical bonds?
6. How does the arrangement of the periodic table tell you about the arrangement of electrons in atoms? (If you know the number
of valence electrons that atoms of different elements have, you have a clue as to which elements combine and how.)
Ionic Bonds
1. What are ions, and how do they form bonds?
2. How are the formulas and names of ionic compounds written?
3. What are the properties of ionic compounds?
Covalent Bonds
1. What is a covalent bond and how are they formed?
2. How does the unequal sharing of electrons occur?
Observing Chemical Change
1. How are energy and chemical reactions related?
2. How can matter and changes in matter be described?
3. How can you tell when a chemical reaction occurs? Evidence.
4. What are physical and chemical properties of matter? Examples.
5. Classify changes in matter as a physical or chemical change? Examples.
6. What is the relationship between bonding and chemical changes?
7. What is the difference between an endothermic and exothermic reaction? Describe the changes in energy.
Describing Chemical Reactions
1. What are chemical equations?
2. What information does a chemical equation contain?
3. What does the principal of conservation of mass state?
Understanding Solutions
1. What are the two parts of a solution? Examples
2. What is the difference between solute and solvent?
3. How does a solute affect the freezing and boiling points of a solution?
Concentration and Solubility
1. Why is solubility useful in identifying substances?
2. What factors affect solubility?
Describing Acids & Bases and Acids and Bases in Solution
1. What are the properties of acids and bases? Give examples
2. What does the pH of a solution tell you?
3. How are the strengths of acids and bases determined?
4. What is the pH scale and how is it read?
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Cells
What are cells?
Looking Inside Cell
Identify the role of the cell wall and the cell membrane in the cell.
Describe the functions of cell organelles.
Explain how cells are organized in many-celled organisms.
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