BONDING AND NOMENCLATURE REVIEW - KEY
BONDING
State the octet rule.
Atoms react by changing the number of electrons in their outer shells as to acquire the stable structure
of noble gases (8 electrons in outer shell).
Complete the table below.
Element symbol
Formula for ion
# of electrons
gained or lost
Name of ion
Anion or Cation?
1. Sr
Sr2+
2 electrons lost
strontium ion
cation
2. P
P3-
3 electrons gained
phosphide ion
anion
3. Br
Br-
1 electron gained
bromide ion
anion
4. O
O2-
2 electrons gained
oxide ion
anion
5. Cs
Cs+
1 electron lost
cesium ion
cation
Complete the table below.
Formula and charge for ion
1. SO32-
Name of ion
sulfite ion
2. PO43-
phosphate ion
3. NH4+
ammonium ion
4. CO32-
carbonate ion
5. ClO2-
chlorite ion
6. CrO42-
chromate ion
What is the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
Ionic bond – electrons transferred (metal + nonmetal, metal + polyatomic ion, or 2 polyatomic ions)
Covalent bond – electrons shared (2 or more nonmetals, no ions)
State whether
a. KF
d. P2O5
g. H2SO4
the following compounds would contain ionic bonds, covalent bonds, or both.
ionic
b. Br2
covalent
c. N2Cl4
covalent
covalent
e. FeS
ionic
f. NH4OH
both
both
h. CBr4
covalent
i. Mg3(PO4)2
both
Draw all of the resonance structures and name the 3-dimensional shape of this molecule:
CO32Trigonal planar
For each of the following, draw the lewis structure and name the 3-dimensional shape (tetrahedral,
pyramidal, bent, linear, or triangular planar). State whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. If it is
polar, then indicate polarity with an arrow or with the appropriate symbols for partial charges.
PCl3
N: 8 + 3(8) = 32
A: 5 + 3(7) = 26
S = 6/2 = 3 bonds
PYRAMIDAL  polar from P to Cl
H 2S
N: 2(2) + 8 = 12
A: 2(1) + 6 = 8
S: 4/2 = 2 bonds
BENT  polar towards S
SO42N: 8 + 4(8) = 40
A: 6 + 4(6) +2 = 32
S: 8/2 = 4 bonds
Tetrahedral  nonpolar
NO2N: 8 + 2(8) = 24
A: 5 + 2(6) +1 = 18
S: 8/2 = 3 bonds
BENT  polar towards O
CO2
N: 8 + 2(8) = 24
A: 4 + 2(6) = 16
S: 8/2 = 4 bonds
LINEAR  nonpolar
SO32N: 8 + 3(8) = 32
A: 6 + 3(6) +2 = 26
S: 6/2 = 3 bonds
PYRAMIDAL  polar towards electron pair on S
NOMENCLATURE
Write the correct chemical names or formulas for the following acids:
HF
hydrofluoric acid
H2CO3
H2SO3
sulfurous acid
HCN
nitrous acid
HNO2
chloric acid
carbonic acid
hydrocyanic acid
HClO3
Complete the chart below. (Note: ionic compounds and molecular compounds are mixed together!)
Formula
Name
Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide
Na3PO4
Sodium phosphate
NCl3
Nitrogen trichloride
Pb3(PO4) 2
Lead (II) phosphate
Mn3N2
Manganese (II) nitride
NBr3
Nitrogen tribromide
Co(NO2)2
Cobalt (II) nitrite
Zn(HCO3)2
Zinc bicarbonate
NO
Nitrogen monoxide
AgNO3
Silver nitrate
PCl3
Phosphorus trichloride
MgCrO4
Magnesium chromate
CsI
Cesium iodide
SrSO4
Strontium sulfate
Ba(ClO3) 2
Barium chlorate
PI3
Phosphorus triiodide
MnO
Manganese (II) oxide
SnF2
Tin (II) fluoride
K2Cr2O7
Potassium dichromate
Li2SO3
Lithium sulfite
Al2(CO3) 3
Aluminum carbonate