Formal – informal
Change these phrases between formal and informal
Rich people have lots of stuff and poor people don’t have enough.
I love dogs.
You can choose your friends but not your family.
Paraphrase
Paraphrase this passage.
Lesson
Introduction – Sentence stems.
Highlighting a knowledge gap in the field of study (for research):
So far, however, there has been little discussion about ......
However, far too little attention has been paid to ......
Highlighting a problem or controversy in the field of study:
However, these rapid changes are having a serious effect ......
However, a major problem with this kind of application is ......
To date there has been little agreement on what ......
More recently, literature has emerged that offers contradictory findings about
.....
Establishing the importance of the topic (time frame given):
Recent developments in X have heightened the need for ......
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in ......
Recent developments in the field of X have led to a renewed interest in ......
The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many .......
The past thirty years have seen increasingly rapid advances in the field of......
Over the past century there has been a dramatic increase in ......
One of the most important events of the 1970s was ......
Traditionally, Xs have subscribed to the belief that ......
The changes experienced by Xs over the past decade remain unprecedented.
Rhetorical Devices
Alliteration
repetition of initial consonant sound
The initial consonant sound is usually repeated in two neighbouring words (sometimes also in words
that are not next to each other). Alliteration draws attention to the phrase and is often used for
emphasis.
Examples:

for the greater good of ... (1)

safety and security (1)

share a continent but not a country (2)
Repetition of initial consonant sounds means that only the sound must be the same, not the consonants
themselves.
Examples:

killer command

fantastic philosophy

A neat knot need not be re-knotted.
If neighbouring words start with the same consonant but have a different initial sound, the words are
not alliterated.
Examples:

a Canadian child

honoured and humbled (the ‘h’ in honoured is silent)
Your
examples:__________________________________________________________________________
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