HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
This document is a template aimed to guide you through the process and
provide the relevant information for compliance with BSI PAS 100:2005 and the
Compost Quality Protocol. Read through this document, insert text where
prompted and amend any part of the standard text so that it is appropriate to
your biowaste inputs, composting process and compost outputs. Delete this
instruction text.
Please delete any reference to the Compost Quality Protocol if you
seek certification to ‘PAS 100 only’.
Association for Organics
Recycling template info
Issue 1 Revision 2
Issued: 14/01/2010
Issued by:
AFOR
COMPANY DETAILS AND RESPONSIBLE PERSON
1.
Company name, address and telephone number
<insert here>
2.
Composting facility name, address and telephone number
<state ‘As above’ or insert here if different>
3.
Person with overall responsibility for compliance with BSI PAS
100:2005, the Compost Quality Protocol and the Association for
Organics Recycling’s Compost Certification Scheme
<insert name and position>
Guidance: This is the person responsible for filling in, checking and issuing the
compost quality management system documents, for ensuring the procedures are
implemented and necessary records are kept, and for communicating with the
certification body.
HACCP FOR COMPOST PRODUCTS MADE FROM
‘GREEN WASTES’ BY OPEN-AIR,
TURNED WINDROW COMPOSTING
1. Principles of the HACCP System
The HACCP system consists of the following seven principles:
PRINCIPLE 1
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Page 1 of 8
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Conduct a hazard analysis.
PRINCIPLE 2
Determine the Critical Control Points (CCPs).
PRINCIPLE 3
Establish critical limit(s).
PRINCIPLE 4
Establish a system to monitor control of the CCP.
PRINCIPLE 5
Establish the corrective action to be taken when monitoring indicates that a
particular CCP is not under control.
PRINCIPLE 6
Establish procedures for verification to confirm that the HACCP system is working
effectively.
PRINCIPLE 7
Establish documentation concerning all procedures and records appropriate
to these principles and their application
2. HACCP analysis specific to composting process
For each hazard, the composting process has been worked through step by step to
identify:







whether there is a step that controls the hazard;
whether it is a Critical Control Point (CCP) for that hazard;
the operating limits (Critical Limits) for the CCP that will control the risk
of the hazard;
how the CCP can be monitored;
what can be recorded to show that it has been operated effectively;
corrective actions for if something is found to have gone wrong; and
measures for verifying that the CCP is operating effectively.
All personnel whose activities affect compost quality or hazards and other
items covered in Table 1 are appropriately trained. Accordingly, table 1 does
not include such training, either as a control measure or corrective action.
This HACCP assessment must be reviewed as part of the annual management
review (see the quality policy and process control document). The review must
include; changes in customers’ needs, processing technologies, input materials, and
any new hazards that emerge.
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Page 2 of 8
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Table 1. HACCP Analysis
Process
step
Hazards
Control measures Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Reception of
‘green waste’
and compost
screening
Objectionable compost
appearance or damage
to equipment for
handling, mixing or
applying compost due
to excessive
contamination with;
1. plastic,
2. glass,
3. metal,
4. concrete and
consolidated mineral
fragments (e.g. rocks
and stones), and
5. other
non-biodegradable
items.
Input load only
accepted if most of
any physical
contaminants
(litter/contrary
material) are
removed prior to
composting.
Checks that site
personnel visually
inspect every input
load delivered.
Hazards
Process
step
Reception of Physical injury those
‘green waste’ handling product due to
presence in compost
of;
6. sharps
Litter/contrary material on
the surface of each load
accepted does not exceed
the percentage limit stated
in the SOPs (see guidance
in SOPs).
Corrective action
Record
If CL is exceeded, reject
load.
If within CL, accept load
and remove sufficient
physical contaminants to
Contracts /
ensure that screened
agreements with
compost (all particle size
‘green waste
grades) complies with PAS
suppliers re sources limits and contains no
and quality.
hypodermic needles.
Use screen mesh with
Checks that site
smaller apertures and/or
personnel inspect
change screen speed
every load
(update SOPs accordingly).
delivered.
Compost known or
Screen mesh has
suspected not to comply
suitably sized
dealt with as per SOPs.
apertures.
Record of whether load
is accepted or rejected,
and if latter, reasons for
rejection.
Control measures Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Record
Input load only
accepted if most of
any physical
contaminants
(litter/contrary
material) are
removed prior to
composting.
Checks that site
personnel visually
inspect every input
load delivered.
All composted material
screened as per SOPs.
Compost screening.
Litter/contrary material on
the surface of each load
accepted does not exceed
the percentage limit stated
in the SOPs (see guidance
in SOPs).
No hypodermic needles.
Removal of any
hypodermic needles
found present.
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Corrective action
If CL is exceeded, reject
load.
If within CL, accept load
and remove sufficient
physical contaminants to
Contracts /
ensure that screened
agreements with
compost (all particle size
‘green waste
grades) complies with PAS
suppliers re sources limits and contains no
and quality.
hypodermic needles.
Compost known or
suspected not to comply
dealt with as per SOPs.
Page 3 of 8
Verification /
Comment
Compost test
results do not
exceed physical
contaminant
(plastic, glass,
Records of
metal, other
communications with
consolidates)
‘green waste’ suppliers. upper limits in BSI
PAS 100:2005.
Records of product
No hypodermic
preparation.
needles reported
present.
Records of any
complaints from
compost users or those
in the compost supply
chain.
Record of whether load
is accepted or rejected,
and if latter, reasons for
rejection.
Verification /
Comment
Compost analysis
shows absence,
or negligible
incidence, of
sharps. No
Record of
hypodermic
communications with
needles reported
‘green waste’ suppliers. present.
Records of any
complaints from
compost users or those
in the compost supply
chain.
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
Table 2. Continued
Process
step
Hazards
Control measures Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Reception of Toxic effects on
‘green waste’ animals or humans
resulting from direct
ingestion of compost or
via food or fodder;
and/or toxic effects on
the environment due to;
7. wood treated with
preservatives,
8. plant materials
treated in the same
growing season with
composting-resistant
herbicides,
pesticides or
insecticides,
9. plant materials from
‘heavy traffic’
highways.
Re 7: Visual
inspection, rejection
of load, or
acceptance of load
followed by removal
of treated wood.
Re 8: Acceptably
low risk (diversity of
sources and dilution
with cleaner inputs);
control measures
unnecessary.
Re 9: Acceptably
low risk due to
dilution with cleaner
inputs; control
measures
unnecessary.
Re 7: Absent.
Re 7: Checks that
site personnel
inspect every input
load delivered.
Re 7: Compost from
windrows known or
suspected not to comply
dealt with as per one of
options in SOPs.
Green waste supply
agreements, contracts,
communications with
suppliers, and any other
documents providing
instructions or feedback
Re 7, 8 and 9: remind staff on these topics.
and suppliers of the policy,
contract arrangements and
control measures;
cease accepting loads from
a particular source if
contamination is known to
have occurred repeatedly
and supplier has not
attempted corrective action
or action has been
ineffective.
Re 7 and 9:
Compost analysis
shows compliance
with PTE (heavy
metals) in BSI
PAS 100:2005.
Re 8:
Plant response to
compost when
tested at
laboratory shows
no abnormalities
and germination
and growth
performance
exceeds minimum
in BSI PAS
100:2005.
Process
step
Control
measures
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Verification /
Comment
Hazards
Reception of Spread of weeds as a
‘green waste’ result of using compost
due to;
10. weed propagules
(e.g. weed seeds
and other plant parts
that regrow) in
compost (those
species that may
survive good practice
composting).
Re 8: Not present in
significant quantity.
Re 9: Not present in
significant quantity.
Visual inspection of Japanese Knotweed
each input material absent from all input loads
load for Japanese
accepted for composting.
Knotweed. Reject
and send any loads
that contain it to a
licensed landfill.
Record
Verification /
Comment
If accepted load was
Contract and records of Compost analysis
subsequently found to have communications with
shows compliance
contained Japanese
‘green waste’ suppliers. with plant
knotweed, composting
propagule (weed
batches containing it are Record of load
parts) limit in BSI
disposed in a licensed
rejection.
PAS 100:2005.
Checks that site
landfill.
No Japanese
personnel inspect
Improve thoroughness of
Records of any
Knotweed in
every input load
load inspection checks.
complaints from
compost, visible
delivered.
If Japanese knotweed
compost users or those from on-site
found in a compost batch, in the compost supply checks or reported
Visual checks of
the entire batch is disposed chain.
by laboratory.
compost quality.
in a licensed landfill.
Guidance: Under Schedule 9 Part II of the Wildlife & Countryside Act (1981) it is an offence to plant, or otherwise cause to grow, Japanese knotweed in the wild. It does not qualify for
exemption of Section 34 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990, but is considered as controlled waste.
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Contracts /
agreements with
green waste
suppliers re sources
and quality.
Record
Page 4 of 8
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
Table 3. Continued
Process
step
Hazards
Control
measures
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Verification /
Comment
Actively
Managed
Composting
phase
(sanitisation
and
stabilisation)
Plant disease as a
result of using compost
due to;
11. plant pathogens in
compost (those
species that may
survive good practice
composting).
Guidance: Research
indicates that BSI PAS
100:2005 recommended
composting conditions for
the sanitisation phase
eradicates most plant
pathogens (with the
possible exception of
Tobacco Mosaic Virus).
Suppliers asked to
exclude plant
materials known or
suspected to
contain such plant
pathogens, where
possible.
Resistant plant pathogens
absent.
Checks that plant
input material
suppliers
appropriately
instructed, and
compost users and
those in the supply
chain warned if
necessary.
Resend instructions and
warnings, clarify if
necessary.
Remind staff and suppliers
of the policy, contract
arrangements and control
measures.
Cease accepting loads
from a particular source if
contamination is known to
have occurred repeatedly,
(especially with Tobacco
Mosaic Virus) and supplier
has not attempted
corrective action or action
has been ineffective.
Records of any
complaints from
compost users or those
in the compost supply
chain.
Plant response
test to compost
carried out as per
BSI PAS
100:2005, shows
absence of plant
disease – suitable
verification for
plant species with
same disease
susceptibilities as
tomato plants.
No incidences of
plant disease as a
result of compost
use, reported by
end users.
Process
step
Hazards
Control
measures
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Actively
Managed
Composting
phase
(sanitisation
and
stabilisation)
Plant disease and
spread of weeds as a
result of using compost
due to;
12. plant pathogens and
weed propagules in
compost (those
species unlikely to
survive good practice
composting).
Composting
conditions and
duration sufficient to
kill or reduce plant
pathogens to within
acceptable levels.
Sanitisation phase:
temperature and moisture
levels and turning
frequency as per SOPs.
Monitoring of
composting
conditions
(temperature, turns
and moisture) as
specified in SOPs.
For batches which are near
to completion of
composting: if records
show deficiencies or
compost is suspected not
to comply with PAS limits
(see verification) it will be
dealt with as per SOPs.
For batches starting / inprogress, adjustment according to operator
experience - of C:N and
porosity of shredded mix,
windrow size, windrow
shape, water added,
frequency of turning etc (as
per SOPs).
Composting windrow
record sheet and
evaluation sheet.
Compost users and those
in compost supply chain
warned.
Stabilisation phase:
minimum duration of
composting and number of Results of
turns as stated in SOPs.
monitoring
equipment
calibration (see
SOPs).
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Page 5 of 8
Records of any other
corrective actions
carried out.
Verification /
Comment
Compost analysis
shows:
1. compliance
with plant
Records of
propagule
maintenance and
(weed parts)
calibration of monitoring
limit in BSI
equipment.
PAS 100:2005;
2. absence of
Records of any
disease in
complaints from
plant response
compost users or those
test in BSI PAS
in the compost supply
100.
chain.
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
Table 4. Continued
Process
step
Hazards
Actively
Managed
Composting
phase
(sanitisation
and
stabilisation).
Process
step
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Verification /
Comment
Human or animal
Same as for 12.
disease as a result of
infection from contact
with compost due to;
13. human and animal
pathogens in compost
(those species unlikely
to survive good
practice composting).
Same as for 12.
Same as for 12.
Same as for 12.
Same as for 12.
Compost analysis
as specified in BSI
PAS 100:2005:
Maximum of 1000
CFU g-1 E. coli;
Salmonella spp
absent in 25 g.
Hazards
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Verification /
Comment
When liquor is
added to windrow.
Windrow to repeat
Composting windrow
sanitisation phase or dealt record sheet and
with as per another option evaluation sheet.
in SOPs.
Compost carrying
Actively
pathogens due to;
Managed
Composting 14. pathogens in liquor
phase
(leachate plus
(sanitisation
rainwater run-off)
and
applied to windrows
stabilisation)
after sanitisation
phase.
Control
measures
Control
measures
Composting on
Liquor is not added to
impermeable
windrow after phase
surface engineered described in SOPs.
to ensure liquor is
captured.
Liquor not added to
sanitised windrows
nearing completion
of composting.
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Page 6 of 8
Compost analysis
for ‘indicator
species’ as
specified in BSI
PAS 100:2005:
Maximum of 1000
CFU g-1 for E. coli;
and absence of
Salmonella spp. in
25 g of product.
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
Table 5. Continued
Process
step
Hazards
Control
measures
Critical limit
Stabilisation / Compost toxic to plants
when used at
maturation
recommended rates,
phase
due to;
15. it containing volatile
organic acids,
16. microbial activity at a
rate sufficiently high to
create adverse
conditions for plant
roots.
Unacceptable
deterioration of bagged
compost under typical
storage conditions
and/or malodour when
using compost due to;
17. unsuitably high
microbial activity
(unstable / immature).
Ensure aerobic
composting for at
least the sanitisation
and stabilisation
durations stated in
SOPs.
Compost has been stabilised Temperature of
and matured (if appropriate) stabilising batch.
for the minimum duration
specified in the SOPs.
Subjective
Earthy compost smell when assessment of
stabilised and matured (if
compost smell, by
applicable), absence of acrid experienced
malodours.
operative.
Aerate batch and extend
sanitisation phase for
batch.
Records of:
duration each batch
was sanitised,
stabilised and matured
If CL not met or above
(if applicable) for;
corrective action not taken, monitoring
batch dealt with as per
assessments;
SOPs.
destiny of
non-conforming
Management review of
batches; and any
need to change SOPs for complaints from
any compost grade.
customers or those in
the compost supply
chain.
Compost complies
with quality
requirements in
BSI PAS
100:2005
- plant response
tests
- stability test
(CO2
evolution)
- plus any more
stringent
stability result
agreed with
the customer
for ‘mature’
compost
grade(s).
Refer to
Quality Policy.
Process
step
Hazards
Control
measures
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Verification /
Comment
Actively
Managed
Composting
phase
(sanitisation
and
stabilisation)
Stalled biodegradation Add water as per
during composting due SOPs.
to;
18. Hazards 15, 16 and
17 occurring due to
insufficient moisture in
windrow and biological
decomposition
process stalling.
As per SOPs.
Windrow monitoring Incorporate water into
as described in
windrow using method
SOPs.
stipulated in the SOPs.
Composting windrow
record sheet and
evaluation sheet.
Records of any
complaints received
from customers or
those in the compost
supply chain.
Compost complies
with quality
requirements in
BSI PAS
100:2005
- plant response
tests.
- stability test
(CO2
evolution).
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Composting mass
temperatures show
trend of decline.
Page 7 of 8
Record
Verification /
Comment
HACCP ANALYSIS
Approved by: <insert name>
Issue 1.
Issued: <insert date>
Table 6. Continued
Process
step
Hazards
Control
measures
Critical limit
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Verification /
Comment
Compost not
Compost
sampling and performing as expected
or added costs when
testing
formulating products
due to;
19. inconsistent compost
quality.
Representative
sample obtained
from each batch
sampled (see
guidance in
application pack).
Frequency of compost
sampling and testing:
Comparison of
compost test
results with quality
criteria.
Additional sampling and
testing if results for one or
more parameters ‘Fail’
minimum quality in BSI
PAS 100:2005. Applies
also to any ‘Fail’ result in
any additional quality
specification subscribed
to (see quality policy).
Review suitability of input
material types / sources
and composting process if
sufficient consistency in
quality is not achieved or
if this deteriorates after
process validation.
Compost sample test
results history (e.g.
collated for each quality
parameter).
Compost sample
test results history
shows acceptable
quality
consistency.
Process
step
Control
measures
Monitoring
procedures
Corrective action
Record
Verification /
Comment
Product labelling
sheet and any
other literature
and advice.
Compost found to have
gone to unintended use:
Advise customers and / or
recall.
Records of:
compost dispatched,
and any reported
incidents of compost
used other than as
intended.
Product labelling and
traceability information
(weighbridge out ticket
and/or Product
Dispatch Note [see
template in application
pack]) supplied to
product recipient.
Compost dispatch
records kept and
any reports or
observations of
compost use other
than as intended.
Hazards
Labelling and Compost unfit for the
purpose used due to:
other
safeguards 20. inappropriate use
against
(not as intended).
unintended
use.
 not less than minimum in
BSI PAS 100:2005;
 as per any additional
Batch sampling and testing the compost
testing schedule is customer requires.
appropriate for
checking the effects
of variations in
characteristics of
input materials.
Critical limit
Customer receives No compost knowingly going
product information, to unintended use.
including ‘safe use’.
Advice / statements
about application
types the compost is
suitable for.
Checks when
compost dispatched
that it is the grade /
product type
ordered.
Record of any process
management review.
No persistent
customer
Record of any customer complaints about
complaints about
inconsistent
inconsistent compost
compost quality.
quality.
Compost marketing
literature.
© The Association for Organics Recycling 2010
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