Higher Degree Research Student Information GUIDE Faculty of Engineering, Health, science and the environment 2012 Topic Page No Introduction 4 PGResearch Office 4 Induction 4 School Administrative Leaders 4 Study Room Allocation 5 Telephone, Computer and Internet Access 5 After Hours Access 5 Air-conditioning (after hours) 5 Photocopying 6 Milestones 6-7 - Research Degree Supervision Agreement - Research Proposal - Associate Supervisor Form for Research Degree Candidates - Interim & Annual Reports - Oral Presentation - Confirmation of Candidature Extension of Candidature 8 Request for Leave of Absence 8 Financial Assistance 8 Publications Collection 9 Funding for Thesis Printing 9 Competitive Grants 9-10 - Supplementary Funding Grant - Staff & HDR Student Development Course Grant Travel Grants 10-11 - Conference Travel Grant - External HDR Student/Supervisor Travel Grant HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 2 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Research Student Travel 11 - Fieldwork Safety - First Aid Certificates - International Travel Claiming Reimbursements 13-14 - Claiming Expenses Incurred in a Foreign Currency - PhD Student Bank Account Details - PhD/Research Student Reimbursement Claim (Cheque & EFT) - Statutory Declaration Useful Contacts 15 Useful Web Sites 15 Final Information 16 HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 3 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Introduction This booklet has been put together to include information you may require during your candidature. It does not cover all the rules and regulations that pertain to your candidature but places more emphasis on Faculty matters. It should be regarded as a ‘ready reckoner’ during your period of research. PGResearch Office The Manager – R&PG Studies is Dr Jim Mitroy. Dr Mitroy is the person who can advise on all matters pertaining to your post grad research. His extension number is 6816 and he can receive emails care of the PG Research Office email address pgresearch@cdu.edu.au. The Postgraduate Administrative Officer to assist PG Research students is located physically in the Faculty Academic Liaison Unit (ALU) in Blue 5.1.6. If you have any queries relating to your student funding allocation, competitive grants, claims for reimbursement – contact Heather on extension 6471, or by email at pgresearch@cdu.edu.au. Initially, send any queries to pgresearch@cdu.edu.au or via extension 6471. Dr Mitroy also does duty as a Lecturer in Engineering and prefers to quarantine the correspondence he receives as Manager – R&PG Studies. Induction On arrival at Charles Darwin campus you should make contact with the Postgraduate Administrative officer who will go through the day to day administration issues that you need to be aware of. School Administrative Leaders Health Engineering & IT Environmental & Life Sciences RIEL Shanika Gunawardena Anita Pettit Liz Lycett 6089 Pubudu.Gunawardena@cdu.edu.au 6457 6408 Anita-Toni.Pettit@cdu.edu.au Elizabeth.Lycett@cdu.edu.au Roanne Ramsey 6413 riel@cdu.edu.au If you require stationery, please contact: Health, Shanika Gunawardena, Located in Blue 5.1.62b Engineering & IT, Anita Petit, Located in Purple 12.1.12 School of Environmental & Life Sciences, Liz Lycett, Located in Yellow 2.2.05 Research Institute Environment and Livelihood, Roanne Ramsey, Located in Red 1.2.39 (includes former SER students) Study Room Allocation Internal students are generally allocated a workspace whilst on campus. This is to be organized with your supervisor prior to your commencement as well as where and when to collect keys on your first day. Office space will include a desk and chair and bookshelves, together with a desktop computer and access to a printer and photocopier. Basic stationery supplies will be provided by your School using procedures appropriate to that School. You need to formally request that you be allowed to retain your office space if you take an extended leave of absence. Such a request must be made in writing (HDR-21 Leave of Absence form), be endorsed by your supervisor and sent to the PGResearch office for approval by the Manager. Telephone, Computer and Internet Access All students will have access to a dedicated postgraduate research personal computer. Your computer should have email/internet access and an appropriate level of software. The responsible authority for providing access to a PC depends on the location of your desk. If you have problems getting access to a PC please contact the PG Research office. Initially this will be arranged by the PGResearch Administrative Officer or your School Administrative leader on your commencement. If you have any subsequent issues, please contact the ITMS Help Desk on extension 6600 or itms-support@cdu.edu.au. If the problem is not rectified to your satisfaction, please let the PGResearch Office know. After Hours Access The PG Research office can organise access to your particular work area after hours. Allow a few days for your request to be processed. If urgent, you will need to contact Julie Braithwate, Security on 6672 (email: Julie.Braithwate@cdu.edu.au) requesting after hours access and advising your full name, student card number and building/level/room number. Air-Conditioning (After Hours) It can get hot in buildings after hours. All buildings have swipe facilities to control the air-conditioning. If you plan on working after regular office hours (0800-1630), you can request your student card be programmed to operate the air-conditioning system in your area. Please contact PGResearch Office on 6471 to arrange this. You will need to advise the Building (colour and number), Level, Room number and ahu number (locate the swipe card box and check the ahu number – if there isn’t a number please state this in the email). HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 5 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Photocopying Most photocopiers on campus require a pin number. Your School Administrative Leader should be able to set this up for you. If you are located in one of the Study areas in Red 6.1.20 or Red 6.1.26, please contact the PGResearch Office (x6471) and they will arrange this for you. Milestones In the first year of your candidature there are a number of important milestones. These include the Research Degree Supervision Agreement, the formal Research Degree Supervision Agreement, and the Oral presentation, the finalisation of your supervision panel which will involve the appointment of Associate Supervisors, and the interim and end of year reports where progress in your research topic is reported. Failure to complete some of these milestones may result in you being asked to Show Cause why you should not be excluded from the degree. Research Degree Supervision Agreement A supervision agreement is a jointly signed record of the understandings held by the supervisor and candidate regarding the supervisory relationship. This document is a statement of mutual responsibilities and obligations. If there are any special Intellectual Property issues relevant to your project they should be detailed in the Supervision Agreement. This relationship must be registered with the Office of Research and Innovation (via PGResearch Office) within one to four months of commencing candidature. Refer to http://cdu.edu.au/governance/documents/ResearchProposalSupervisionAgreementandConfirmationofCan didatureProcess_000.pdf for more information. Form: HDR14 – Supervision Agreement Signed by: Candidate and Principle Supervisor Forward to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Research Proposal Your Research Proposal is due within 4 (four) months of commencing for full-time students and 8 (eight) months if part-time. It should have sufficient detail to allow for the evaluation of feasibility and resource implications as set out in http://www.cdu.edu.au/governance/documents/ResearchProposalSupervisionAgreementandConfirmation ofCandidatureProcess_000.pdf Form: HDR13 – Research Proposal Cover Sheet Endorsed by: Supervisor Forward to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Note: Confirmation of candidature under review HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 6 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Associate Supervisor Form for Research Degree Candidates Use this form to add or change Associate Supervisors. Associate Supervisors of CDU research students must be a member of, or have applied to be a member of, the CDU Supervisor Register. If you are unsure whether your proposed Associate Supervisor(s) is on the register, please check with the PGResearch Office on extension 6471 or email pgresearch@cdu.edu.au. Form: HDR11 – Associate Supervisor Signed by: Principle Supervisor, Associate Supervisor(s) and Candidate Forward to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Interim & Annual Reports Every year you will be emailed an Interim Report template (usually April/May) and an Annual Report template (September/October). It is a requirement of your candidature that these Reports be completed within 6 (six) weeks. These reports facilitate a process for dialogue between you, your supervisor, Head of School (if necessary) and the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and International) regarding your progress. The reports may also be used to resolve any issues in relation to your research degree. Please note that these reports must be completed even if you are on approved leave of absence or you have only recently commenced your course. Forms: Will be emailed to you from the Office of Research and Innovation Signed by: Candidate and Primary Supervisor Forward to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Oral Presentation As part of the confirmation of candidature process, all commencing research degree candidates are required to give an oral presentation to a group of disciplinary peers and other colleagues on their detailed research proposal and any preliminary results. This is assessed by the Faculty. The oral presentation will be scheduled once you have submitted a copy of your Research Proposal and Supervision Agreement. The date of the presentation will depend on the availability of the Assessment Panel and it is your responsibility, together with your Supervisor, to arrange this. The Manager of R&PG Studies approves the composition of the assessment panel prior to the presentation. Confirmation of Candidature Confirmation requires the successful completion of: (a) Supervision Agreement (b) Written Research Proposal (c) Oral Presentation The successful completion of any one component does not imply successful completion of another component. Once all components of the confirmation process have been satisfactorily completed, you will be advised by the Office of Research and Innovation that candidature has been confirmed. HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 7 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Extension of Candidature Candidates who require an extension to their maximum period of candidature must apply in writing to the Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Office of Research and Innovation). The application must include the reasons for the candidate not being able to complete within the maximum period of candidature, together with written submissions from the Primary Supervisor and Faculty either supporting or not supporting the application for extension. The candidate must also include a timetable which details the remaining work required for submission of the thesis. Form: HDR19 – Extension Request Signed by: Candidate and Supervisor Forward to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Request for Leave of Absence You are entitled to request leave of absence where you suspend your candidature. However, total leave of absence, excluding sick, maternity or paternity leave, granted during the period of candidature shall not exceed one year. Form: HDR21 – Leave of Absence Signed by: Principle Supervisor Forward to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Financial Assistance During the period of your candidature, the University allocates PhD and other research students, a student allocation each semester for the duration of your research as follows: Masters: PhD: 2 years full-time or 4 years part-time 3 years full-time or 6 years part-time This funding is provided to assist you with your postgraduate research expenses, for example: purchase of equipment, software, assistance with travel expenses, binding and printing of your thesis. Allocations accrue each semester and funds are available to students currently enrolled in an approved course of study. Students must obtain approval from their supervisor before purchasing any items. On your admission into the University, the Office of Research and Innovation determines whether your area of research is characterised as a “high” cost or “low” cost area based on regulations from the federal government. The base level of Faculty funding you will receive will depend on whether your project is determined to be a “high” cost or “low” cost project. For this year (2012), allocation will be as follows: High cost (full-time student) $1800 per semester HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 8 of 16 27 Feb. 12 High cost (part-time student) $900 per semester Low cost (full-time student) $800 per semester Low cost (part-time student) $400 per semester If you wish to know the balance of your account, please contact the PGResearch Office by phone (8946 6471) or email pgresearch@cdu.edu.au. You might find it handy to set up your own Excel spreadsheet and keep tabs on your expenditure/balance. Allocations are credited to your account at the beginning of January and July each year. To claim reimbursements, see below. Queries: Heather – extension 6471, email pgresearch@cdu.edu.au In certain circumstances it is possible to apply for an advance on your allocation. This will be considered upon a formal request from you and needs to be fully supported by your principal supervisor. Publications Collection During the course of your candidature you are encouraged to publish your work in peer reviewed journals and conference proceedings. This will help you write your thesis, and in addition assist you in gaining employment in research related areas. Your publications can generate income for the University. Every year, from December to February, the University creates a portfolio detailing the research publications of its staff. This entails filling out a pro-forma and then providing documentary evidence that the work was published and peer-reviewed. It is incumbent on all staff and students to report their peer-reviewed publications to the PGResearch Office. Funding for Thesis Printing Your student allocation can be used for thesis printing at the end of your candidature. If you have enough funding in your student account it can cover costs of 3 theses: 2 x University copies 1 x Student copy NOTE: Make sure you contact PGResearch Office and find out your account balance before making the purchase, as you may not have enough funds. Competitive Grants **Additional Funding Initiatives offered by the Faculty of EHSE** Competitive Grants are offered twice yearly: March and August. See below the two Competitive Grants available: Supplementary Funding Grant <$3,600 There are two broad application categories. HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 9 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Additional funding may be provided to allow the completion of the student’s substantive HDR project. In short, the funding may be provided to cover an unexpected shortfall in funding to complete the project. Additional funding is provided to allow for new activities that will yield significant new research findings not anticipated when the substantive project of the HDR student was formulated. For further information: http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/research/comp_grants.html Applications forwarded to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 The amount of funding is related to the minimum resources allocation for the student and is limited to an amount equal to one year’s full-time allocation. Students in high cost projects can apply for $3600 and students in low cost projects are limited to $1600. Staff & HDR Student Development Course Grant <$5,000 Used for staff and student development course ie: funding courses in grant writing, project management, or discipline specific analytical tools and/or techniques. These funds may not be utilised in relation to courses that are already available either during the HDR Generic Skills week or through the CDU on-line course programme. For further information: http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/research/comp_grants.html Applications forwarded to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Travel Grants **Additional Funding Initiatives offered by Faculty of EHSE** Travel Grants can be applied for any time during the year. Find below the two Travel Grants available: External HDR Student/Supervisor Travel Grant <$1,500 per grant This grant is to provide an opportunity for external HDR students to meet with his/her supervisor, or an external supervisor meeting with his/her student. The Faculty will generally not approve more than one grant per calendar year for any individual student. For further information: http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/research/conferencetravel.html Applications forwarded to: PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 Conference Travel Grant <$1,000 A grant of <$1,000 for travel and registration fees (not accommodation) will be made available to eligible candidates upon submission of a budget and documentary evidence. To be eligible for this grant, candidates must have acceptance of a paper or poster presentation for delivery at a conference. You must also be enrolled, have completed your confirmation of candidature, and have completed at least 1 (one) year of your candidature. HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 10 of 16 27 Feb. 12 For further information: http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/research/conferencetravel.html http://www.cdu.edu.au/fas/travel.html To apply for a Conference Travel Grant, you will need to complete all documents outlined in the CDU Travel Guidelines including the Checklist for Conference Travel Grant Application and Conference Travel Grant Application. Contact the PGResearch Office for assistance on extension 6471, (email: pgresearch@cdu.edu.au) Note that students applying for these grants must be in compliance with their reporting requirements and have also completed all milestones compatible with the duration of their candidature. Research Student Travel If you are undertaking travel beyond 50kms from the campus at which you are based, there are certain procedures which must be followed. You are responsible for ensuring that your have completed the necessary paperwork, organised the required authorisations and fulfilled any other requirements. If this is not done, the travel will be deemed to be unauthorised and you will not be covered by the University’s insurance. Refer to http://www.cdu.edu.au/fas/attachments/4440GuidelinesforTravelonOfficialUniversityBusiness.pdf for further information. Your School Administration Leader is a good person to assist you with preparation of a Movement Request, and will also book your flights and accommodation for you. The School Administration Leader will pay for your travel expenses using the School credit card, then claim reimbursement from your student funding allocation by the way of a Journal Transfer. To claim reimbursement of any travel expenses, you will need original receipts for all expenses. You should note that the Travel Allowance (also known as TA) will not be approved for project related travel. Fieldwork Safety If you are undertaking fieldwork in remote locations there are certain procedures which must be followed. You are responsible for ensuring that your have completed the necessary paperwork, organised the required authorisations and fulfilled any other requirements. There are dangers associated with working in remote areas and it is essential that proper precautions are taken. If proper procedures are not taken then travel will be deemed to be unauthorised and you will not be covered by the University’s insurance. At the present time the Faculty is updating its fieldwork safety manuals. For further information: HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Michael Howard x6787 Michael.Howard@cdu.edu.aun Page 11 of 16 27 Feb. 12 The existing procedures for HDR students from the Faculty of EHSE can be found at http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/techservices/fieldmanual.html The existing procedures for HDR students from SELS can be found at http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/sels/formsresources.html. Some of the forms in the SELS web resource area are updated versions of documents in the EHSE field manual. The 2010 procedures for HDR students from the former SER can be found at http://www.cdu.edu.au/ser/documents/FieldWorkSafetycheck_SER_FinalSep15.pdf Sign off on the resulting movement requisition needs to be done by the supervisor and director of RIELS. A revised version of this handbook will be released once a revised Faculty wide procedure has been approved. First Aid Certificates Any students doing field work in remote locations are now required to have First Aid Training. This training will be paid for by the Faculty and will not come out of Student allocations. Students should gain approval from their supervisor and then contact St John’s Ambulance directly to book into a class. The cost will be reimbursed by the University through the usual reimbursement process. Students will need to do two courses:- HLTFA301B Apply First Aid ($156.25 with student discount) and HLTFA302A Provide First Aid in a Remote Situation ($259 no discount) or an equivalent. Courses can be booked by calling 08 8922 6200. If you have a problem with this or are unable to provide the money to pay for the course upfront, please contact the PG Research Office to see what can be arranged. Once the course is completed, please forward a copy of any certificates obtained, along with reimbursement claim form and the receipt to the PG Research Office, Blue 5.1 Faculty Office, Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT 0909. International Travel Before planning any overseas travel related to your research you should first consult the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) web site and note the travel advice relevant to your country of destination. If your research work involves travel to a destination which carries a DFAT warning of level 4 and above your movement request for official travel form requires approval from the Deputy Vice Chancellor (R&I). It is the responsibility of the person travelling to keep abreast of the DFAT advisories and if there is any increase in the severity of the travel advisories the DVC(R&I) must be notified and your application reassessed. Failure to comply with these travel requirements will result in you having no insurance cover with Charles Darwin University. HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 12 of 16 27 Feb. 12 If you have any further queries please contact the PGResearch office. Claiming Reimbursements As mentioned previously, PhD students and other research students receive a student allocation from CDU each semester for the duration of their research to assist with their postgraduate research expenses. Allocations accrue each semester, and funds are available to students currently enrolled in an approved course of study. Students should obtain approval from their supervisor before purchasing any items. To claim a reimbursement from your student funding: You must be enrolled in an approved course of study; Your supervisor must have approved the expenditure in principle; With the exception of travel expenses (see below), the expense must be incurred before a reimbursement can be claimed; If no prior reimbursement claim has been made, your bank account details will need to be provided to Accounts Payable (even if you are employed by CDU) by completing a PhD/Research Students Bank Account Details form (see below); A PhD Students Reimbursement Claim (Cheque & EFT) form is to be correctly filled out (see below) and originals* of receipts attached; Completed Reimbursement Claim form, together with accompanying paperwork should be forwarded to the Administrative Officer, PGResearch Office, Blue 5.1.6 *Under CDU guidelines, we are unable to accept scanned copies of receipts and/or invoices. Claiming Expenses Incurred in a Foreign Currency If goods/services have been purchased in a foreign currency, and you have paid for some on a personal credit card, you will be reimbursed the amount shown on your credit card statement, as the financial institution will have automatically converted the expenditure at the current exchange rate and displayed the amount in AUD on your statement. If you are claiming reimbursement for goods/services purchased in a foreign currency and are providing receipts for the expenses in a foreign currency, you will be reimbursed the amount in AUD at the current exchange rate of the day your claim for reimbursement is processed i.e.: the date the Administration Officer of PGResearch receives your reimbursement will be the date of the exchange rate conversion to AUD. The following forms can all be downloaded from http://www.cdu.edu.au/fas/forms.html: HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 13 of 16 27 Feb. 12 PhD Student Bank Account Details If you have not claimed a reimbursement previously, we require you to complete this form and forward directly to Accounts Payable for confidentiality reasons. It can be faxed to (08) 8946 7070 or emailed to suppliers@cdu.edu.au. PhD/Research Student Reimbursement Claim (Cheque & EFT) The following fields must be completed before a reimbursement can be processed. Please note that if you double-click on the table on the form and enter in the full price and GST paid, the table will calculate the balance (ex GST). Field Payee name: Requisition No: Purchase Order No: Date: Details Name of claimant Leave Blank Leave Blank Date of claim Expenditure Details Date: Supplier: Cost-code: Amount: GST: Amount less GST: Business or Private use: Date of purchase of item From whom goods/services were provided Leave blank Total cost of item purchased (including GST) Amount of GST paid Cost of item purchased less GST This must be completed, ie: 100% business or private use Signature of Claimant: Signature of Supervisor: To be signed by you Must be signed by your Supervisor. Claims submitted without a Supervisor’s signature will not be processed and will be returned to claimant Tax Invoices/Receipts As stated above, an original Tax Invoice must be attached for purchases over $82.50 including GST Original Invoices/Receipts must be attached for purchases under $82.50 Proof of payment must be provided If you are unable to provide originals invoices/receipts, you must complete a Statutory Declaration stating why no original is available and provide full details of the purchase including the supplier’s ABN if the purchases were made in Australia (see below). HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 14 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Statutory Declaration If you are unable to provide original copies of your invoices/receipts, you must complete a Statutory Declaration stating why no original is available, and provide full details of the purchase including the supplier’s ABN if purchases made in Australia. Please note: this form may be witnessed by anyone over the age of 18 years. When an expense has been incurred for which you wish to claim reimbursement, forward the completed PhD/Research Student Reimbursement Claim (Cheque & EFT) form to the PGResearch Office, together with all original receipts. On receipt of these documents, the PGResearch Office will check the claim and, if correctly completed with all required documentation, will raise a requisition. The paperwork is forwarded to Accounts Payable who then raises a Purchase Order and EFT your reimbursement monies into your nominated bank account. If the funds are not deposited into your bank account within 21 days from you submitting your claim, please contact PGResearch Office and we will chase it up. The amount of your reimbursement will then be deducted from your student funding allocation account. Useful Contacts Heather Robertson Dr Jim Mitroy Sian Gyte Admin Officer, PGResearch Office Manager R&PG Studies Research, Degrees & Scholarships Office Lee-Ann Cole Research Admin Officer Jayshree Mamtora Research Services Coordinator Shanika Admin RCHW – Health Gunawardena Anita Pettit Admin Leader – Engineering & IT Liz Lycett Admin Leader – Environ & Life Sciences Roanne Ramsey Admin Officer – RIEL 6471 6816 6548 Heather.Robertson@cdu.edu.au pgresearch@cdu.edu.au pgresearch@cdu.edu.au Sian.Gyte@cdu.edu.au 7065 6541 Lee-Ann.Cole@cdu.edu.au Jayshree.mamtora@cdu.edu.au 6089 6457 Pubudu.gunawardena@cdu.edu. au Anita-Toni.Pettit@cdu.edu.au 6408 Elizabeth.Lycett@cdu.edu.au 6574 Roanne.Ramsey@cdu.edu.au Useful Web Sites Faculty EHSE Home Page EHSE Research & Postgraduates EHSE Competitive Grants HDR Handbook Ver2.1 http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/ http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/research http://www.cdu.edu.au/ehs/research/comp_grants.html Page 15 of 16 27 Feb. 12 Postgraduate Forms (Research) Reimbursement/B ank forms Campus map Update personal details CDU Staff/Student Travel Page CDU Policies & Processes DFAT Travel Advisories Foreign Currency Converter Research Publications Collection http://www.cdu.edu.au/research/office/researchcodesandforms.htm http://www.cdu.edu.au/fas/forms.html http://www.cdu.edu.au/campusmaps/maps/cas_map261109.pdf http://www.cdu.edu.au/studentnet/ http://www.cdu.edu.au/fas/travel.html http://www.cdu.edu.au/governance/Processes.htm http://www.smarttraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/ http://au.finance.yahoo.com/currency http://www.cdu.edu.au/research/office/administration_management/publicationsco llection.html Finally…. The role of the Administration Officer in the PGResearch Office is to assist you, the student, with all matters pertaining to your candidature. We recognise that at times, you will be under pressure and will need assistance without the hassle of running around trying to find someone to help you. Your enquiry may not necessarily be related to this office, but we will do our utmost to facilitate your enquiry or request and if we can assist you, we will certainly point you in the right direction. Our aim is to make your research journey as painless as possible so please don’t hesitate to contact us. Good luck with your endeavours and we look forward to seeing you graduate! HDR Handbook Ver2.1 Page 16 of 16 27 Feb. 12