NATURAL DISASTERS
EXAM #3
NAME
A#
SLIDES
SLIDE #1
1.) In this slide what position will experience the highest winds?
a.) A b.)B c.)C d.) D
2.) The storm surge at location X is mostly due to what?
a.) high pressure sucking up water
b.) low pressure sucking up water
d.) pushing or bulldozing water
e.) jet stream
SLIDE #2
3.) Which way is the longshore current moving the beach material?
A) from top to bottom B) from left to right C) from bottom to top D) from right to left
SLIDE #3
4.) Which wave represents a wave that would move sand from the beach towards the ocean?
a) 1 b.) 2
SLIDE #4
5.) What mitigation attempt has been employed in this photo?
a.) jettie
b.) seawall
c.) breakwater
d) groin
SLIDE #5
6.) This is an example of flooding similar to the Mississippi River floods. What is name of the feature that
"outlines" the stream channel and has been broken?
A) levee B) groin C) jetty D) dam
7.) This type of flooding is considered
a.) flash flood b.) regional flood
c.) viscous flood
SLIDE #6
8.) The red arrow is pointing at….
a) the Oort cloud
b) the Kuiper Belt
c) the asteroid belt
SLIDE #7
9.) In this picture if the house where to ignite RIGHT NOW, with the flames a ways away from the house,
what process best explains how it ignited?
a.) conduction
b.) radiation
c.) convection
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
HURRICANES
10.) Why are hurricanes so disastrous to the people of Bangladesh?
A) hurricanes in that part of the world are especially big
B) storms surge floods the country because it is so low-lying
C) the people are never warned that a hurricane is coming
11.) Which of the following best describes the order of development of a hurricane?
a.) tropical storm, trop depression, hurricane, tropical disturbance
b.) tropical disturbance, tropical storm, tropical depression, hurricane
c.) tropical depression, tropical storm, tropical disturbance, hurricane
d.) tropical disturbance, tropical depression, tropical storm, hurricane
e.) hurricane, tropical depression, tropical disturbance, tropical storm
12.) Which of the following best describes the relationship between barometric pressure and hurricane
damage.
a.) strong low pressure causes more damage
b.) strong high pressure causes more damage
d.) weak low pressure causes more damage
c.) weak high pressure causes more damage
13.) The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Damage Potential Scale is bases on…
a.) updraft direction, wind speed, and temperature, damage
b.) ocean temps. barometric pressure, and storm surge, damage
c.) wind speed, storm surge, direction of wind, damage
d.) wind speed, barometric pressure, storm surge, damage
14.) Which of the following describes the conditions needed for a hurricane to develop?
a.) ocean surface temp. 80 degrees or more, warm humid air, weak upper level winds
b.) ocean surface temp. 80 degrees or less, cool humid air, weak upper level winds
c.) ocean surface temp. 80 degrees or more, cool dry air, strong upper level winds
d.) ocean surface temp. 80 degrees or less, warm dry air, strong upper level winds
15.) A hurricane is coming ashore and is described as a very strong low barometric pressure cyclone.
What best describes the hurricane?
a.) low barometric pressure, low surface winds, low storm surge, low damage
b.) low barometric pressure, low surface winds, high storm surge, high damage
c.) low barometric pressure, high surface winds, high storm surge, high damage
d.) low barometric pressure, high surface winds, low storm surge, low damage
COASTLINE PROCESSES
16.) If sea level where to rise by 5.5 feet how far and which direction would barrier islands and beaches
migrate/shift?
a.) 550 feet towards the ocean
b.) 5500 feet towards the ocean
d.) 550 feet towards the land
c.) 5500 feet towards the land
17.) What is true of mitigation attempts and construction along coastlines?
a.) usually provide long term security
b.) usually guaranteed to work
c.) often solves problem for all coastal residents
d.) often causes more problems
18.) What effects do dams have on the coastline?
A) they help stabilize the beaches
B) they store sediment so beaches are diminished
C) they limit the flow of water so beach erosion is controlled
D) they limit the influence of hurricanes
19.) What is the difference between summer conditions and winter conditions on a typical beach?
A) summer waves are smaller and push/carry all of the sand from the beach out to sea
B) summer waves are larger and push/carry sand from the sea onto the beach
C) summer waves are smaller and push/carry sand from the sea onto the beach
D) summer waves are larger and push/carry sand from the beach out to sea
20.) What describes the best way to mitigate coastline erosion and the problems it causes?
A) groins
B) rip rap
C) sea wall
D) Uhm maybe we shouldn’t build there
21) At what depth is wavebase? The depth that the wave causes motion in the water?
A) 1/2 wavelength
B)1/3 wavelength
C) 1/4 wavelength
D) 1/5 wavelength
22) As a wave comes into shore it often approaches at an angle. This wave behavior is called..
A) wave cresting
B) wave breaking
C) longshore drift
D) refraction
23) The wave behavior in the above question CAUSES (big hint there) what phenomenon that moves
sediments down beach?
A) wave cresting
B) wave breaking
C) longshore drift
D) refraction
24) What best describes wavebase?
A) below this depth there is no water movement
B) below this depth there is water movement
C) above this depth there is no movement
RIVERS AND FLOODING
25.) What is the annual probability of a 200 year flood occurring?
a.) .05%
b.) .5%
c.) 5%
d.) 50%
26.) The key factor in controlling sediment erosion, transportation, and deposition of a stream is:
A) sediment size B) meander pattern C) velocity D) hydraulic action E) drainage patterns
27.) What best describes the Tucson case history
a.) channelization upstream caused erosion due to slower moving water
b.) some areas had levees/protective walls and other areas didn’t
c.) lots of water over a large area slowly rising
d.) people were killed because the water rushed down a narrow canyon
28.) What is true of increasing the amount of urbanization and the resulting flooding.
a.) causes less infiltration and water moves slower causing less damage
b.) causes more infiltration and water moves faster causing less damage
c.) causes more infiltration and water moves slower causing more damage
d.) causes less infiltration and water moves faster causing more damage
29.) What are the 3 main things that control velocity
a.) meanders, sediment load, gradient
b.) hydraulic action, channel characteristics, sediment load
c.) discharge, abrasion, bed load
d.) gradient, channel characteristics, discharge
30.) Assuming all other things equal which stream represents a stream that has NOT been highly
channelized? A)a
B)b
C)c
a.
b.
c.
31.) Assuming all other things equal which stream would have a higher velocity?
A)a B)b
C)c
a.
b.
c.
32.) What is true about stream sinuosity?
A) higher sinuosity causes gradient to be decreased
B) higher sinuosity happens up stream
C) higher sinuosity causes higher velocity
33.) If we change one of the things that affects a streams velocity what will the stream do in response to try
and get back to equilibrium?
A) nothing
B) it will do more of the same thing-positive feedback
C) it will do the opposite of what was done-negative feedback
34.) What best describes how a river will respond to too much sediment load
A) first deposition will increase, and then the river will speed up to remove the sediment
B) first erosion will increase, and then the river will speed up to remove the sediment
C) first erosion will increase, and then the river will slow down and leave behind more sediment
D) first deposition will increase, then the river will slow down and leave behind more sediment
FIRES
35. A typical fire will burn faster:
A) upslope B) downslope C) along flat land D) around a river's edge
36.) Why are fires a continual hazard in southern California?
A) older vegetation resists burning
B) moist conditions are common
C) homes on hillsides
D) cool moist winds are common
37.) Which of the following is NOT significant in aiding the spread of fires:
A) types of vegetation B) wind C) topography D) how many lakes there are in an area
38.) Which of the following best describes a fires positive feedback behavior?
A) heat form the fire rising pulling in more oxygen causing more burning
B) a fire burning down hill causing less burning
C) moist air causing less burning
D) a fire running out of fuel
39) What does Baja do that Southern California does not do in regards to fires?
A) clean up debris
B) allow early season fires to burn
C) aggressively fight fires
D) build in different areas
40) What contributed to the Chicago fires of 1871?
A) wooden sidewalks, dry conditions, and a cow
B) wooden sidewalks, moist conditions, and a cow
C) stone sidewalks, dry conditions, and an ostrich
D) wooden sidewalks, dry conditions, and an ostrich
41.) Which of the following best describes HOW a house can catch on fire?
A) type of house material, radiation, physical contact
B) setback, radiation, firebrands
C) physical contact, firebrands, set back
D) physical contact, radiation, fire embers.
IMPACTS
42.) Where do most of the solar system's asteroids originate?
A) the Oort cloud B) outside the orbit of Pluto C) between Mars and Jupiter
D) between Venus and Mercury
43.) When you see a shooting star you actually witnessed:
A) a comet tail intersecting earth's orbit B) a large meteorite impacting earth
C) meteoroid less than 1 mm in size that burned up as it entered the atmosphere
44.) The global distribution of an iridium layer is used as evidence for which impact?
A) Chesapeake Bay
B) K/T Boundary (dinosaurs)
C) Tunguska Siberia
D) Meteor Crater Arizona
45.) What size asteroid created Meteor Crater in Arizona?
A) 6 miles wide B) 600 feet wide C) 10 miles wide D) about 130 feet wide
46.) Why are there a significant number of impact sites on the moon but yet only a handful on earth?
A) earth's gravity deflected the asteroids
B) asteroids where not able to penetrate earth's atmosphere
C) earth's dynamic systems have obliterated most sites
D) the moon took the hits - saving earth from many of the impacts
47.) Which of the following is NOT true of the Tunguska event in 1908:
A) a crater 600 feet deep was formed
B) trees where knocked down in over a 400 square mile area
C) at least one man was burned
D) blast was heard over 600 miles away
48.) Which is NOT evidence used to identify a meteorite impact crater versus a crater formed from other
mechanisms:
A) rim rocks tilted back
B) crater floor is shattered
C) inverted stratigraphy
D) downed trees adjacent to the crater
49.) What best describes a concern with blasting a meteoroid with a direct hit from a nuclear warhead and
causing more problems?
A) The bomb will be too small
B) The meteoroid breaks into many small pieces that still impact Earth
C) We cause the whole meteoroid to speed up
D) We might use up all the warheads and not be ready for more potential impacts.
50) Which of the following drawings show the correct orientation for a comet?
A) A
B) B
C) C
A.)
B)
COMET
DIRECTION
C)
COMET
DIRECTION
COMET
COMET
DIRECTION
COMET
COMET
SUN
SUN
SUN