KINE 4362 EXAM 1
Student:_____________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following is true of the heart 4. Stroke volume continues to increase rate? o
Parasympathetic stimulation reduces the rate of SA node action potentials. o
Training enhances sympathetic innervation to the SA node at rest. o
Sympathetic stimulation increases the time between atrial and ventricular systole. o
Parasympathetic fibers reach the heart by means of the cardiac accelerator nerves and release norepinephrine to increase heart rate. during exercise up to approximately o
20% of VO2 max. o
30% of VO2 max. o
40% of VO2 max. o
60% of VO2 max.
5. The ventilatory central chemoreceptors respond to changes in the o pH of mixed venous blood. o pH of cerebral spinal fluid. o
PO2, pH, and PCO2 of cerebral spinal fluid. o
PCO2 and H+ of mixed venous blood.
2. an increase in parasympathetic outflow to the heart results in o an increase in HR. o a decrease in HR. o a slight increase in arterial blood pressure. o a slight decrease in arterial blood pressure followed by an increase in
HR.
6. Activation of rectus abdominis muscles would result in o active inspiration. o passive inspiration. o active expiration. o passive expiration.
3. Which of the following represents the correct order of events of the flow of
7. In the standing position, considerable inequality of blood flow exists within the blood after it leaves the left ventricle and before it returns to the right atrium? o
Blood flows through the aorta, oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood flows though veins, blood enters the venules. o
Blood flows through the venules, blood flows through the veins, oxygen moves out of the capillaries, human lung due to o partial pressure differences across the lung. o differences in vascular resistance in the lateral areas of the lung. o gravity. blood enters the aorta. o
Oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood flows through the aorta, blood flows through the venules, blood enters the veins. o
Blood flows through the aorta, oxygen moves out of the capillaries, blood flows through venules, blood enters the veins.
8. The muscle of the heart is referred to as the o pericardium. o myocardium. o epicardium. o endocardium.

KINE 4362 EXAM 1
9. Resistance to blood flow is o directly proportional to the length of the vessel. o inversely proportional to the viscosity of the blood. o directly related to the diameter of the vessel. o inversely proportional to the length of the vessel.
10. A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm
Hg would likely result in o a decrease in alveolar ventilation. o an increase in alveolar ventilation. o a short breath hold followed by irregular breathing patterns. o no change in alveolar ventilation.
11. Which of the following is true concerning the respiratory zone of the lungs? o
It includes the trachea. o
It warms and humidifies inspired air. o
It helps to clean (filter) inspired air. o
It is where gas exchange occurs.
12. The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure is called o the pulse pressure. o mean arterial blood pressure. o the brachial pressure. o the double product.
13. Myoglobin's affinity for oxygen is
____________ hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. o equal to o greater than o less than
14. The three principal mechanisms for increasing venous return during exercise are o an increase in stroke volume, HR, and compliance of the vascular system. o venoconstriction, pumping action of muscle, and the pumping action of the respiratory system. o an increase in vascular resistance, an increase in HR, and a decrease in blood pressure. o an increase in stroke volume, a decrease in HR, and a decrease in blood pressure.
15. The normal pacemaker of the heart is the o atrioventricular node. o sinoatrial node. o
AV node. o
SV node.
16. Electrical impulses are conducted between heart muscle cells by o intercalated discs. o intermediate junctions. o minute synapses of the sympathetic nervous system. o
Purkinje fibers.
17. Autoregulation of local blood flow is due to o the withdrawal of sympathetic impulses to arterioles. o an increase in parasympathetic outflow to arterioles. o local factors such as a decrease in
PO2, an increase in PCO2, and potassium concentrations. o an increase in sympathetic impulses to arterioles.

KINE 4362 EXAM 1
18. The most important variable that determines resistance to blood flow is o the viscosity of blood. o the length of the blood vessel. o the diameter of the vessel. o blood pressure.
19. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood principally as o carbamino-hemoglobin. o dissolved CO2 in solution in the blood. o bicarbonate. o carbon monoxide.
20. The term ventilation refers to the o cooling of the airways by respiration. o random movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. o mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs. o oxygenation of blood as it travels through the lungs.
21. The volume of gas that reaches the respiratory zone (gas-exchange zone) of the lung is termed o anatomical dead space. o minute ventilation. o alveolar ventilation. o tidal volume.
22. All gas exchange between the vascular system and tissues occurs in o venules. o capillaries. o arterioles. o veins.
23. In order to meet the increased oxygen demands of muscle during exercise, two major adjustments in blood flow must be made: o an increase in HR and blood pressure o an increase in brain blood flow and blood flow to the skin o an increase in cardiac output and a redistribution of blood flow from inactive tissues to skeletal muscles o an increase in muscle blood flow and an increase in blood flow to the liver
24. A decrease in arterial PO2 below 70 mm
Hg would increase pulmonary ventilation by stimulation of o arterial bodies. o carotid bodies. o central chemoreceptors. o pulmonary bodies.
25. The major portion of O2 that is transported in the blood is in o solution as a dissolved gas. o the form of oxyhemoglobin. o the form of carboxyhemoglobin. o the form of deoxyhemoglobin.
26. Which of the following choices presents the correct order of lung volumes/capacities from largest to smallest? o tidal volume, total lung capacity, vital capacity o total lung capacity, vital capacity, tidal volume o vital capacity, tidal volume, total lung capacity o vital capacity, residual volume, tidal volume

KINE 4362 EXAM 1
27. The fact that an increase in end-diastolic ventricular volume increases the stroke volume of the heart is an illustration of the o influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on cardiac output. o
Frank-Starling law of the heart. o influence of atrioventricular node on cardiac output. o influence of blood pressure on cardiac output.
28. The primary purpose of the pulmonary system is to o regulate acid-base balance. o provide an interface for gas exchange. o regulate cardiac output. o control the bicarbonate level in the blood.
29. The decrease in maximal heart rate with age can be estimated via o
HR max = 220 - age. o
HR max = 200 - age. o
HR max = 210 - age. o
HR max - 205 - age.
30. The contraction phase of the heart is called o diastole. o atrial contraction. o systole. o the cardiac cycle.
31. In a healthy heart, the time spent in systole is generally o longer than diastole. o equal to diastole. o shorter than diastole. o
three times longer than diastole.
32. The ______ represents ventricular repolarization during a recording of the electrical activity (i.e., ECG) of the heart. o
P wave o
QRS complex o
T wave o
R wave
33. Which of the following is correct? o
The PO2 at sea level is 159 mmHg. o
The percentage of CO2 in the environment is 3.0. o
The percentage of O2 in the air at sea level is different from that at altitude.
34. The carotid bodies are chemoreceptors that are sensitive to changes in arterial o
H+ and K+ concentrations. o pH, PCO2, and PO2. o pH and K+ concentrations. o
PCO2 and pH only.
35. Which of the following is the correct order of events pertaining to contraction of the left ventricle? o
The bundle branches depolarize, the ventricle contracts, the ventricular pressure increases, the aortic volume increases. o
The aortic volume increases, the ventricular pressure increases, the ventricle contracts, the bundle branches depolarize. o
The ventricular pressure increases, the bundle branches depolarize, the aortic volume increases, the ventricle contracts. o
The bundle branches depolarize, the ventricular pressure increases, the ventricle contracts, the aortic volume increases.

KINE 4362 EXAM 1
36. The primary role of the cardiovascular system is to o convey heat away form deep body tissues. o deliver adequate amounts of oxygen and remove wastes from body tissues. o serve as a buffer fluid for metabolic wastes during exercise. o circulate oxygenated blood to the lungs.
37. The greatest resistance to blood flow is in the ______________________, whereas the lowest blood pressures are found in the ________________, and the
_________________ contain the most blood. o arteries; aorta; capillaries o arterioles; vena cavae; veins o venules; aorta; capillaries o arterioles; aorta; veins o arteries; vena cavae; capillaries
38. Mitochondrial PO2 is _____________ capillary PO2. o greater than o less than o equal to
39. The relationship between cardiac output and metabolic rate is o linear. o curvilinear. o exponential. o
There is no relationship between cardiac output and metabolic rate.
40. Backflow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles is prevented by the o semilunar valves. o bicuspid valve. o atrioventricular valves. o coronary valves.
41. Myoglobin is a red pigment found in skeletal muscle that serves to o transport CO2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria. o transport O2 from the cell membrane to the mitochondria. o buffer changes in hydrogen ion concentration in the cell. o transport O2 from the mitochondria to the cell membrane.
42. The respiratory control center is located within o the medulla oblongata. o the cerebrum. o carotid bodies. o the cerebellum.
43. During exercise, the time spent in diastole and systole o remains unchanged. o is decreased equally. o is decreased with the greatest decrease occurring in diastole. o is increased.
44. The increase in cardiac output that occurs during exercise is due to o both an increase in mean arterial pressure and a decrease in vascular resistance. o a decrease in vascular resistance only. o an increase in mean arterial blood pressure only. o an increase in heart rate and a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure.
45. The most important muscle of inspiration is the o diaphragm. o rectus abdominis. o internal oblique. o external intercostals.