Study Guide
Matching:
1. The solid portion of the core composed of iron and nickel.
a. Outer Core
2. The liquid portion of the core.
b. Inner Core
3. A solid, but changing layer composed primarily of iron, silicon and magnesium. c. Lithosphere
4. Composed of a thin layer of rocks including the Earth’s surface.
d. Mantle
5. Refers to both the crust and upper most portion of the mantle.
e. Crust
6. Between two plates that are sliding past each other.
a) Divergent Boundary
7. Between two continents that collide and are welded together
b) Transform Boundary
8. When on oceanic plate plunges below an overriding plate
c) Collision Zone
9. Between two lithospheric plates that are moving toward each other.
d) Subduction Zone
10. Between two lithospheric plates that are moving apart.
e) Convergent Boundaries
11. Lava that flows quick and smooth.
a) Aa
12. Lava that flows slow with jagged edges.
b) Viscosity
13. Measures the resistance to flow.
c) Pahoehoe
14. Contain the least silica and flows most easily.
d) Andesitic and Rhyolitic
15. Contain more silica and resist flow.
e) Basaltic magma
True/False (a=True and b= false):
16. The asthenosphere is a thin slush-like layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats.
17. The force of gravity is exerted by every object in the universe on every other object in the universe.
18. Igneous rocks located along mid ocean ridges contain mineral deposits that indicate the Earth’s polarity has
reversed several times.
19. By studying the alignment of magnetic minerals along mid ocean ridges, we can conclude material is moving
from the middle of the ridge outward as well as approximate the rate of movement.
20. The two landmasses that were formed when Pangea broke apart 200 million years ago are called Laurasia and
Gondwana.
21. The continents of N. America, S. America, Africa, India, Antarctica, and Austrailia formed approximately 250
million years ago.
22. Andesitic and Rhyolitic magmas contain the least silica and flow most easily.
23. Mt. St. Helens, which exploded in 1980, is an example of a composite volcano.
Multiple-Choice:
24. Alfred Wegener (German Scientist,1912) first proposed the: a) theory of plate tectonics, b) continental drift
hypothesis, c) convergent boundary theory, d) divergent boundary theory, e) none of the above
25. The theory that the lithosphere is made of plates that move and interact with each other at their boundaries is
called the: a) theory of plate tectonics, b) continental drift hypothesis, c) convergent boundary theory, d)
divergent boundary theory, e) none of the above
26. A long chain of parallel mountains that form a central rift valley that is located along a divergent boundary on the
ocean floor is called a: a) plate, b) terrane, c) mid ocean ridge, d) subduction zone, e) none of the above
27. The type of plate boundary located between India and Tibet is: a) transform boundary, b) convergent boundary, c)
divergent boundary, d) regional boundary, e) none of the above
28. The process by which heat from Earth’s inner and outer cores is transferred through the mantle is called: a) slab
pull, b) ridge push, c) ridge pull, d) mantle convection, e) none of the above
29. A force exerted by the subducting portion of a tectonic plate on the rest of the plate is: a) slab pull, b) ridge push,
c) ridge pull, d) mantle convection, e) none of the above
30. Which of the following forces is currently considered to have the greatest affect on mantle movement: a) slab
pull, b) ridge push, c) ridge pull, d) mantle convection
31. Volcanoes are typically located at: a) hot spots, b) divergent boundaries, c) convergent boundaries, d) all of the
above, e) none of the above
32. Relatively small cone shaped volcanoes formed from lava fragments ejected from volcanic vents are called: a)
cinder cones, b) shield volcanoes, c) composite volcanoes, d) pyroclistic flows, e) none of the above
33. ____________are made of layers of hardened lava flows combined with pyroclastic materials accumulated
around the vent. a) cinder cones, b) shield volcanoes, c) composite volcanoes, d) pyroclistic flows, e) none of the
above
34. _______________ have a broad base and gently sloping sides made of basaltic lava. a) cinder cones, b) shield
volcanoes, c) composite volcanoes, d) pyroclistic flows, e) none of the above
35. _____________refers to the amount of energy released at the focus of an earthquake. a) Richter magnitude, b)
moment magnitude, c) focus, d) total damage, e) none of the above.
36. A ____________ is a break in the lithosphere along which movement has not occurred. a) focus, b) joint, c)
origin, d) fault, e) none of the above
37. The following diagram refers to a: a) normal fault, b) reverse fault, c) thrust fault , d) b and c, e) all of the above.
38. _____________refers to the amount of energy released at the focus of an earthquake. a) Richter magnitude, b)
moment magnitude, c) focus, d) total damage, e) none of the above.
39. _____________refers to the type of mountain that result from an uplifting force or igneous intrusion. a) folded
mountain, b) dome mountain, c) fault block mountain, d) graben, e) none of the above
40. _____________refers to mountains that are produced from the pressure resulting from two plates colliding. a)
folded mountain, b) dome mountain, c) fault block mountain, d) graben, e) none of the above