Chapter 5 Crisis in the Colonies
Section 1 The French and Indian War
I. European Rivals in North America
A. Conflict in the Ohio Valley
1. English traders expanding past Appalachian Mountains
2. French set up system of forts to protect land
3. Ohio River- important link to settlements in Canada and on the Mississippi River.
B. Native American choose sides
1. French built strong alliance with Algonquins and Hurons: Trapped (did not clear
away land) and married.
2. British convinced Iroquois to side with them, Mohawks (through marriage, and
charged lower prices for trade goods.
II. French and Indian War Begins
A. Bold Young Leader (Washington)
1. 1754: 4th time fighting against France for Ohio River Valley
2. Governor of Virginia sends Washington to build fort.
B. Conflict at Fort Necessity
1. Washington out numbered, builds fort, surrenders
III. Albany Congress
A. Secure alliance with Iroquois
B. Albany Plan of Union by Benjamin Franklin
1. One government for 13 colonies
2. Not approved: fear of one council in charge
IV. String of British Defeats
A. Disaster for Braddock
1. Braddock: not experienced, did not listen to scouts
B. Further British setbacks
1. French won Fort Oswego, Fort William Henry
2. Natives restless with British; thought they would be protected better
V. Tide Turns
1. 1757: Pitt, head of British government, focus on winning war in N. America
2. Sends his best Generals
3. Promises colonists money for service and goods
4. 1758: British win at Fort Louisbourg, Fort Duquesne
VI. Fall of New France
1. 1759 : British win Forts: Niagara, Crown Point, Ticonderoga
A. Battle for Quebec (capitol of New France) Important as a supply line with forts on the
St. Lawrence River. Set up on a cliff.
B. Treaty of Paris
1. Fighting centered in Europe
2. 1763: Treaty signed by Britain and France
Britain gains:
Canada
All French lands east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans
France gains:
2 Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Keeps their prosperous West Indies
Spain (sided with France): gives Florida to British for French land west of Mississippi River
Spain gains Port of New Orleans and keeps Central and South America