ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
UNIT I ............................................................................................................ 4
Вариант 1 ................................................................................................... 4
Вариант 2 ................................................................................................. 10
Вариант 3 ................................................................................................. 17
UNIT II ......................................................................................................... 24
Вариант 1 ................................................................................................. 24
Вариант 2 ................................................................................................. 28
Вариант 3 ................................................................................................. 32
KEYS ........................................................................................................... 35
UNIT I
Вариант 1
1. Read the article. Choose from the list A-H the heading which best
summarises each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading
which you do not need to use.
A. Places to stay in
B. Public transport
C. Cultural differences
D. Nightlife
E. Camping holidays
F. Contacts with neighbours
G. Different landscapes
H. Eating out
1. Sweden is a land of contrast, from the Danish influence of the
southwest to the Laplanders wandering freely with their reindeer in the wild
Arctic north. And while Sweden in cities is stylish and modern, the
countryside offers many simpler pleasures for those who look for peace and
calm. The land and its people have an air of reserved calm, and still the
world’s best-selling pop group Abba, which used to attract crowds of
hysterical fans, come from Sweden.
2. Historically, Sweden has an interesting story. Its dealings with the
outside world began, in fact, during Viking times, when in addition to the wellknown surprise attacks of the nearby lands, there was much trading around
the Baltic, mostly in furs and weapons. Swedish connections with the other
Scandinavian countries, Norway and Denmark, have been strong since the
Middle Ages. The monarchies of all three are still closely linked.
3. Sweden’s scenery has a gentler charm than that of neighbouring
Norway’s rocky coast. Much of Sweden is forested, and there are thousands
lakes, notably large pools near the capital, Stockholm. The lakeside resort in
the centre of Sweden is popular with Scandinavians, but most visitors prefer
first the Baltic islands. The largest island, Gotland, with its ruined medieval
churches, is a particular attraction.
4. Sweden boasts a good range of hotels, covering the full spectrum of
prices and standards. Many of them offer discounts in summer and at
weekends during the winter. In addition, working farms throughout Sweden
offer accommodation, either in the main farmhouse or in a cottage nearby.
Forest cabins and chalets are also available throughout the country, generally
set in beautiful surroundings, near lakes, in quiet forest glades or on an island
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in some remote place.
5. Living in a tent or caravan with your family or friends at weekends
and on holiday is extremely popular in Sweden and there is a fantastic variety
of special places. Most are located on a lakeside or by the sea with free
bathing facilities close at hand. There are over 600 campsites in the country.
It is often possible to rent boats or bicycles, play mini-golf or tennis, ride a
horse or relax in a sauna. It is also possible to camp in areas away from other
houses.
6. Swedes like plain meals, simply prepared from the freshest
ingredients. As a country with a sea coast and many freshwater lakes, fish
dishes are found on all hotel or restaurant menus. Top-class restaurants in
Sweden are usually fairly expensive, but even the smallest towns have
reasonably priced self-service restaurants and grill bars. Many restaurants all
over Sweden offer a special dish of the day at a reduced price that includes
main course, salad, soft drink and coffee.
7. Stockholm has a variety of pubs, cafés, clubs, restaurants, cinemas
and theatres but in the country evenings tend to be very calm and peaceful.
From August to June the Royal Ballet performs in Stockholm. Music and
theatre productions take place in many cities during the summer in the open
air. Outside Stockholm in the 18th century palace there are performances of
18th century opera very popular with tourists.
2. Read the text. Choose from the list A-G sentence which fits in the
space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
On 24th August, 79AD, Mount Vesuvius, a volcano near Naples in
Southern Italy, erupted.
The eruption was so powerful that it completely buried the towns of
Pompeii and Herculaneum with ash. Centuries passed (1)..........
The towns lay buried for more than 1,500 years. Then, in 1599, an
architect called Domenico Fontana rediscovered the towns (2)..........
However, a couple more centuries passed before any serious effort was
made to unearth the towns, (3).......... Archaeologists discovered that Pompeii
and Herculaneum had been wealthy, sophisticated and lively towns.
Both towns had had restaurants, food markets, shops, theatres and
swimming pools. People had lived in large houses (4).......... In Pompeii, an
aqueduct had even provided water for more than twenty-five street fountains,
four public baths and many private houses and businesses.
While excavating Pompeii, one archaeologist – Guiseppe Fiorelli –
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noticed something fascinating. Spaces could sometimes be seen in the
hardened ash. Fiorelli quickly realised that these spaces were places
(5).......... He decided to fill them with plaster in order to create casts.
Fiorelli’s technique created casts that were so detailed that it was even
possible to see the terrified expressions on the faces of some of the people
who had been killed when Mount Vesuvius erupted 2,000 years ago. Today,
each year over 2.5 million visitors go to see the casts (6)..........
About three million people still live close to Mount Vesuvius. This is
worrying as it is still an active volcano that scientists expect to erupt again.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
where human bodies had once been
and the rest of the treasures at Pompeii and Herculaneum
while digging in the area
and eventually people forgot that they had ever existed
which was also a popular holiday resort for wealthy Romans
which had beautiful frescoes painted on the walls
but when it was, astonishing and wonderful findings were made
3. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the
questions 1-7.
THE JOY AND ENTHUSIASM OF READING
I believe in the absolute and unlimited liberty of reading. I believe in
wandering through the huge stacks of books and picking out the first thing
that strikes me. I believe in choosing books based on the dust jacket. I
believe in reading books because others dislike them or find them dangerous,
or too thick to spend their free time on, or too difficult to understand. I believe
in choosing the hardest book imaginable. I believe in reading what others
have to say about this difficult book, and then making up my own mind,
agreeing or disagreeing with what I have read and understood.
Part of this has to do with Mr. Buxton, who taught me Shakespeare in
the 10th grade. We were reading Macbeth. Mr. Buxton, who probably had
better things to do, nonetheless agreed to meet one night to go over the text
line by line. The first thing he did was point out the repetition of motifs. For
example, the reversals of things (‘fair is foul and foul is fair’). Then there was
the association of masculinity with violence in the play.
What Mr. Buxton did not tell me was what the play meant. He left the
conclusions to me. The situation was much the same with my history teacher
in 11th grade, Mr. Flanders, who encouraged me to have my own relationship
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with historical events and my own attitude to them. He often quoted famous
historians in the process. I especially liked the one who said, ‘Those who
forget their history have no future.’
High school was followed by college, where I read Umberto Eco’s Role
of the Reader, in which it is said that the reader completes the text, that the
text is never finished until it meets this careful and engaged reader. The open
texts, Eco calls them. In college, I read some of the great Europeans and
Latin Americans. All the works I read were open texts. It was an exciting
experience. Besides, I got familiar with wonderful works of literary criticism.
There are those critics, of course, who insist that there are right ways
and wrong ways to read every book. No doubt they arrived at these beliefs
through their own adventures in the stacks. Perhaps their adventures were
not so exciting or romantic. And these are important questions for
philosophers of every character. But yet I know only what joy and enthusiasm
about reading have taught me, in bookstores new and used. They have
taught me not to be afraid of something new, unusual or non-traditional, not to
deny it but embrace it and try to understand even if you cannot agree with it.
Not to stay within the boundaries but always seek for something new and
enjoy every second of this creative process and be happy every time you get
some result, no matter how positive or negative.
I believe there is not now and never will be an authority who can tell me
how to interpret, how to read, how to find the pearl of literary meaning in all
cases. There exist thousands of versions, interpretations, colours and
shadows. You could spend a lifetime thinking about a sentence, and making it
your own. In just this way, I believe in the freedom to see literature, history,
truth, unfolding ahead of me like a book whose spine has just now been
cracked.
1. The unlimited liberty of reading for the narrator means
A) access to different types of books.
B) freedom in choosing and interpreting books.
C) possibility to challenge other opinions on the book.
D) opportunity to select what to read according to the mood.
2. The narrator thinks that his love of reading
A) is an inborn quality.
B) developed early at school.
C) was initially fostered by Mr. Buxton.
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D) is all due to the efforts of his Shakespeare teacher.
3. The narrator gives credit to Mr. Buxton for teaching him how to
A) love classical literature.
B) read Shakespeare aloud.
C) interpret stylistic devices.
D) find the meaning of a book for oneself.
4. The history teacher quoted famous historians to prove that people
A) are often blind or deaf to learning.
B) understand historical texts too literally.
C) can’t understand the meaning of historical events.
D) should learn from history not to make similar mistakes.
5. According to Umberto Eco, an open text is a text
A) commented on by the author.
B) plus the reader’s attitude to it.
C) that the author has not finished.
D) with different variants of an end.
6. Some critics say about text interpretation that
A) only philosophers should interpret texts.
B) people should enjoy books but not interpret them.
C) there are several ways to interpret a text.
D) there is the right interpretation to every book.
7. The narrator believes that
A) it is impossible to interpret good writers.
B) interpreting is collective intellectual work.
C) authorities in interpreting will appear in future.
D) one should find a proper interpretation by oneself.
4. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
THE ‘ALL BLACKS’
Rugby is the most popular sport in New Zealand. The
country even has a Rugby Museum. The game (1)......... there PLAY
as early as the 1860s.
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The game spread quickly. Soon New Zealand’s national
team appeared. It (2)......... the “All Blacks” and not because of
the colour of the players’ skin.
They got their name because all the (3)......... in the team
wore black shorts, shirts, socks and shoes when they play
rugby.
In 1884 they went to New South Wales, Australia to play
and won eight games! It was the (4)......... international
competition for them.
Before a rugby match, the “All Blacks” dance a special
Maori war dance. The Maories are the New Zealand aborigines.
It (5)......... that all the players in the team are Maori but they all
perform the dance.
Today the most popular player is Jonah Lomu. He is a
(6)......... legend of New Zealand rugby.
He was just 19 when he started playing for the “All Blacks”
in 1994 and became the (7)......... player in rugby history.
CALL
MAN
ONE
NOT MEAN
LIVE
YOUNG
5. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
INVENTION OF BUBBLE GUM
Bubble gum is a type of chewing gum that is
especially designed for blowing bubbles. It is (1)......... pink USUAL
in colour and has a particular flavour.
In 1928 it was invented by Walter E. Diemer who
worked for the Fleer Chewing Gum Company in
Philadelphia. In his spare time Diemer was trying new gum
recipes and, by accident, invented a (2)......... gum.
DIFFER
It was less (3)......... than regular chewing gum and it STICK
stretched more easily.
When Walter Diemer, who was 23 years old at that
time, saw the bubbles, produced by his new gum, he saw
the (4)......... of making money.
POSSIBLE
He took the gum, which he had given the name
Dubble Bubble, to the nearby grocery store and made a
(5)......... to the salesmen to show the extraordinary DEMONSTRATE
features of his gum.
The new gum was very (6)......... and popular with SUCCESS
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customers. Although Diemer never received a patent for his
invention, he sold the recipe to his company and became a
senior vice president.
6. Read the text. Choose which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
HARRODS
Harrods is a world-famous department store in Knightsbridge, London.
Known for its quality merchandise and excellent customer service, Harrods is
one of London’s biggest tourist (1)..........
Harrods, which was (2)......... by Charles Henry Harrod in 1835, started
out as a tiny grocery and tea shop in London’s East End. The shop was
moved in 1849 to its current (3)......... on the Brompton Road, where it
gradually grew into what it is today. Currently, Harrods comprises over 330
departments on seven floors and has a staff of about 5,000 people.
Harrods’ motto is ‘All things for all people, everywhere’. And it is true
that you can buy almost anything you need at Harrods. (4)......... you want to
get a haircut, buy a pet dog, find a wedding dress, buy some property in
London, or simply choose a new coat, Harrods can help. What’s more, if you
want to (5)......... a break from your shopping, don’t worry because the shop
has twenty-nine restaurants!
So when in London, don’t forget to take a (6)......... at this famous
department store. You can’t (7)......... it – at night, Harrods is illuminated by
about 11,500 lightbulbs, 300 of which are changed every day by the shop’s
electrical engineers.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A) features
A) composed
A) situation
A) Whether
A) give
A) view
A) lose
B) attractions
B) produced
B) post
B) Including
B) take
B) sight
B) miss
C) stops
C) established
C) area
C) Depending
C) do
C) look
C) leave
D) places
D) manufactured
D) location
D) While
D) make
D) glance
D) pass
Вариант 2
1. Read the article. Choose from the list A-H the heading which best
summarises each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading
which you do not need to use.
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A. Places to stay in
B. Arts and culture
C. New country image
D. Going out
E. Different landscapes
F. Transport system
G. National languages
H. Eating out
1. Belgium has always had a lot more than the faceless administrative
buildings that you can see in the outskirts of its capital, Brussels. A number of
beautiful historic cities and Brussels itself offer impressive architecture, lively
nightlife, first-rate restaurants and numerous other attractions for visitors.
Today, the old-fashioned idea of ‘boring Belgium’ has been well and truly
forgotten, as more and more people discover its very individual charms for
themselves.
2. Nature in Belgium is varied. The rivers and hills of the Ardennes in
the southeast contrast sharply with the rolling plains which make up much of
the northern and western countryside. The most notable features are the
great forest near the frontier with Germany and Luxembourg and the wide,
sandy beaches of the northern coast.
3. It is easy both to enter and to travel around pocket-sized Belgium
which is divided into the Dutch-speaking north and the French-speaking
south. Officially the Belgians speak Dutch, French and German. Dutch is
slightly more widely spoken than French, and German is spoken the least.
The Belgians, living in the north, will often prefer to answer visitors in English
rather than French, even if the visitor’s French is good.
4. Belgium has a wide range of hotels from 5-star luxury to small family
pensions and inns. In some regions of the country, farm holidays are
available. There visitors can (for a small cost) participate in the daily work of
the farm. There are plenty of opportunities to rent furnished villas, flats,
rooms, or bungalows for a holiday period. These holiday houses and flats are
comfortable and well-equipped.
5. The Belgian style of cooking is similar to French, based on meat and
seafood. Each region in Belgium has its own special dish. Butter, cream, beer
and wine are generously used in cooking. The Belgians are keen on their
food, and the country is very well supplied with excellent restaurants to suit all
budgets. The perfect evening out here involves a delicious meal, and the
restaurants and cafés are busy at all times of the week.
6. As well as being one of the best cities in the world for eating out (both
for its high quality and range), Brussels has a very active and varied nightlife.
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It has 10 theatres which produce plays in both Dutch and French. There are
also dozens of cinemas, numerous discos and many night-time cafés in
Brussels. Elsewhere, the nightlife choices depend on the size of the town, but
there is no shortage of fun to be had in any of the major cities.
7. There is a good system of underground trains, trams and buses in all
the major towns and cities. In addition, Belgium’s waterways offer a pleasant
way to enjoy the country. Visitors can take a one-hour cruise around the
canals of Bruges (sometimes described as the Venice of the North) or an
extended cruise along the rivers and canals linking the major cities of Belgium
and the Netherlands.
2. Read the text. Choose from the list A-G sentence which fits in the
space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
HOLLYWOOD
Everyone has heard of Hollywood – it’s the film capital of the world! But
in 1853, a small mud hut was all that existed there. By 1870, however, a
farming community had established itself in the area and was successfully
growing crops.
In the 1880s, a wealthy man named Harvey Henderson Wilcox moved
to Los Angeles, (1)..........
So how did Hollywood get its name? Well, some say that in 1883, Mr.
Wilcox’s wife met a wealthy lady on a train who had named her country house
‘Hollywood’. Mrs Wilcox liked the name, (2)..........
By 1900, the community had a population of around 500. There was a
post office, a hotel, two markets and even a newspaper. In 1903, Hollywood
became a municipality and in 1904 travel between Hollywood and Los
Angeles became faster and easier when a new transport system called ‘the
Hollywood Boulevard’ was established. New trolley cars replaced the old
streetcars, (3)..........
Los Angeles continued to grow in size and in 1910 the people of
Hollywood voted to join the city, (4)..........
In the same year, the director D. W. Griffith arrived in Hollywood. He
and his actors filmed In Old California (5)..........
When other film-makers heard about this wonderful place called
Hollywood, they started heading out there too, (6)..........
These days, around 600 films are made in the studios in Hollywood
each year.
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A.
York
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
and then stayed on to make several more films before returning to New
which is how the Hollywood film industry was born
where he bought a large area of land to the west of the city
because it was too impractical to supply water to the areas separately
and decided to give it to her home, too
because no one dreamed it would become so famous
which used to take two hours to do the ten-mile journey
3. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the
questions 1-7.
TO BECOME WEALTHY
As a kid, I always wanted to become wealthy. I knew if I could achieve
this, I would be able to consider myself successful. At the time, I had no
worries and felt my happiness would be based on whether I could fulfil all my
needs and wants. My simple philosophy of that time was if I was rich, I would
definitely be content with my life.
My father always stressed his belief that happiness includes much more
than money. I can remember him lecturing me about how money does not
make an individual happy; other things in life such as: health, family, friends,
and memorable experiences make a person genuinely happy. At this time in
my life, I took what my dad said for granted and did not give any thought to
his words. All I could see was the great life my cousins had because they had
everything a kid ever dreamed of.
At a young age, I noticed society was extremely materialistic. The
media seemed to portray the wealthy as happy people who add value to our
society. My opinions did not change; in high school I still sought a career that
would eventually yield a high salary. I still felt that the possibility of living life
from paycheck to paycheck would automatically translate into my
unhappiness. However, things changed when I decided to take an internship
in the accounting department for the summer after my second year of college.
Starting the first day on the job in the accounting department, I found
myself extremely bored. I was forced to do monotonous work, such as audit
eight thousand travel and expense reports for a potential duplicate. In
addition, I had to relocate away from friends and family in order to accept the
position. I was earning the money I always wanted; however, I noticed that
having money to spend when you are by yourself was not satisfying.
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I began to think back to what my dad always said. After a few months in
the job, I truly realized that money does not bring happiness. A more
satisfying experience for me would have been doing an ordinary summer job
for far less money. For me to understand that concept, it took an experience
as painful as this one. I often contemplated how much money it would take
me to do this as my everyday job. I concluded, whatever the salary for this
position I would never be capable of fulfilling a happy life and making a career
out of this job.
As I looked forward to the summer to draw to a close, I truly
comprehended the meaning of my dad’s words. Contrary to my prior beliefs, I
firmly believe through experience that money cannot make a person happy.
The term ‘wealth’ is a broad term, and I believe the key to happiness is to
become wealthy in great memories, friends, family, and health. This I believe.
1. In his childhood the narrator’s idea of happiness was to
A) get what he wanted.
B) live an interesting life.
C) be an influential person.
D) make other people happy.
2. The narrator heard what his father used to say, but did not
A) believe him.
B) agree with him.
C) understand him.
D) think over his words.
3. From his early childhood till he finished school the narrator was
convinced that
A) society was extremely unfair.
B) media added value to society.
C) money was the only thing that ensured happiness.
D) the wealthy could not spend money properly.
4. After the second year in the college the narrator decided to
A) start to work.
B) quit his studies.
C) change the college.
D) take a summer course.
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5. The narrator’s internship proved that
A) it was not a money-making job.
B) he had chosen the wrong job.
C) he could not cope with professional tasks.
D) he had to get rid of his family and friends to keep the position.
6. It became obvious to the narrator that he
A) needed to think of another career.
B) would like to work only in summer.
C) would like to have a higher position.
D) preferred ordinary non-professional work.
7. The summer for the narrator was
A) monotonous and lonely.
B) dragged out and boring.
C) dynamic and satisfying.
D) difficult but inspirational.
4. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
NEW SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD: THE FORBIDDEN CITY
Today, the Forbidden City is a public museum that
draws the attention of millions of travellers and tourists from
around the world. Some people think that it is one of the
(1)......... sights in the world.
POPULAR
(2).........as the Chinese imperial palace by one of the BUILD
emperors. It was also the ceremonial and political centre of
the Chinese government for almost five centuries.
Until 1924 when the last emperor of China had to leave
the palace, twenty four emperors of the two dynasties
(3)......... here.
RULE
Now it is known as the Palace Museum that (4)......... 74 COVER
hectares including over 900 buildings with 9,999 rooms.
Chinese people (5)......... a lot of time and money in the INVEST
Forbidden City lately and it is now a fantastic place to walk
and dream of the past centuries.
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People from all over the world can see the traditional
palace architecture, enjoy the treasures (6)......... in the
palace, and learn of the legends and anecdotes about the
imperial family and the court.
Protected by UNESCO, the Palace Museum (7)......... by
millions of tourists every year.
KEEP
VISIT
5. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
INVENTION OF COMPUTER
Many encyclopedias say that the first computer was
developed by Howard H. Aiken (and his team) in America
between 1939 and 1944. It was a large-scale, programmecontrolled machine which could make a very complex (1).......... CALCULATE
However, after World War II an important (2)......... was DISCOVER
made that the first computer was, in fact, made in Germany in
1941 by Konrad Zuce.
Later Konrad Zuce founded a company in order to build
computers that could be used by an engineer or a (3)..........
SCIENCE
Konrad Zuce also developed the first real programming
language, which shows an amazing (4)......... to today’s most SIMILAR
advanced computer languages.
Unfortunately, the role of this man, who was years ahead
of his time, is still (5)......... to many people.
KNOWN
Maybe for the ‘official’ history of computers it is (6)......... POSSIBLE
to accept that Konrad Zuce was on the wrong side of World
War II.
6. Read the text. Choose which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
THE QUALITIES OF GREAT CHILDREN’S FILMS
Some children’s films are forgettable and formulaic, but the best of them
(1)......... audiences of every age with intense cinematic experiences. ‘The
great children’s films are the ones adults love too, that everybody loves,’ says
Catherine Des Forges of the Independent Cinema Office. They really engage
you. They make you laugh, they make you cry, they take you into their world
and you come out thinking differently.’
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So what are the qualities that (2)......... for truly great children’s cinema?
All great children’s films have dynamic narratives, unforgettable characters
and emotional power. Often, they deal with dark (3)......... matter – especially
separation and the anxieties it entails. In many of these films, a young
character is dramatically parted from an older, stronger protector – a
wrenching scene that leaves audiences in (4)..........
‘If you think about the lives children (5).........,’ says Des Forges, ‘they’re
influenced by a lot of the same things adults are, like bereavement and loss,
loneliness and violence. I think the best children’s films deal with that in a way
that’s comprehensible even to quite young audiences.’
Of course, great children’s cinema can move the mind (6)......... as the
heart. Some deal with the biggest, most complex questions: Who are we?
How do we know what we know? What’s our purpose and place in this world?
Humour is vital too, though it’s essential to avoid the kind of selfconscious irony which prevents an emotional response. The best ones work
because we know that behind all the jokes, the main characters care about
each other. (7)......... all, a great children’s film must have sincerity. It must
say: ‘I want you to care about these characters.’
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A) allow
A) make
A) topic
A) howls
A) run
A) in addition
A) Above
B) provide
B) stand
B) subject
B) drips
B) conduct
B) together
B) More
C) offer
C) put
C) theme
C) cries
C) lead
C) as well
C) Over
D) deliver
D) go
D) issue
D) tears
D) hold
D) besides
D) Upon
Вариант 3.
1. Read the article. Choose from the list A-H the heading which best
summarises each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading
which you do not need to use.
A. Not Just Fun
B. Running For Heart and Mind
C. United By The Game
D. I Want To Be A Coach
E. Team Work in Sport and Life
F. Next Year We Win
G. Learning From Father
H. School Between Practices
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1. I believe playing sports is more than an activity to fill your day, it can
teach important life lessons. When I was a child, my dad spent a lot of time
teaching me how to play different sports. He told me that if I can succeed in
sports, I can succeed at anything in life. He used to say, ‘It’s not about how
good you become. It’s about working hard to get where you want to be.’
2. I like bicycles. Group rides help me to get new skills and make new
friends. I try to apply the tactics of group riding to team work in the real world.
In the perfect group ride, each rider takes a turn leading the pack, while the
others enjoy the benefits of drafting. I think this way of working is a great
method for approaching a group task anywhere.
3. I believe in the power of running. Running should not be a battle for
your body but rather a rest for your mind. I felt this last fall, when I was
running in the park. Suddenly I felt as if I could have run forever, as if I could
use running as a source of therapy for my body. Running allows the body to
release different types of stress and even change our understanding of life.
4. My father coached basketball every day of his life, and I was right
there with him in the gym watching him work his magic. Basketball appears
entertaining and exciting. But the path to success is not simple. My father
always told me, ‘Nothing is free.’ I took this advice and ran with it. I truly
believe that only practice and determination lead to success.
5. Baseball is so much more than a sport. One of the powers of
baseball is that it brings people together. It unites fans of all ages, genders,
and nationalities. No matter who you are, you can be a baseball fan. My mom
and I have one unspoken rule: no matter what has been going on before, no
fighting at the game.
6. I believe that you must always be loyal to the sport teams you
support. The teams I follow in the United States generally lose many more
than they win. The start of each season brings dreams of victory in baseball,
basketball or football, dreams that fade away soon. But then there is always
next year. It will be our year for sure.
7. I was determined to join the swim team. I knew I would get my
strengths and learn my weaknesses there. Waking up early for 6:30 a.m.
practices is what swim team is all about, as it helps us get into state. On a
long school day you think about the practice in the pool after school. You
want to hear the crowd cheering you, telling you that you have to do more
than your best.
17
2. Read the text. Choose from the list A-G sentence which fits in the
space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
HI-TECH BRINGS FAMILIES TOGETHER
Technology is helping families stay in touch like never before, says a
report carried out in the US.
Instead of driving people apart, mobile phones and the Internet are
(1).......... The research looked at the differences in technology use between
families with children and single adults. It found that traditional families have
more hi-tech gadgets in their home (2).......... Several mobile phones were
found in 89% of families and 66% had a high-speed Internet collection. The
research also found that 58% of families have more (3)..........
Many people use their mobile phone to keep in touch and communicate
with parents and children. Seventy percent of couples, (4)........., use it every
day to chat or say hello. In addition, it was found that 42% of parents contact
their children via their mobile every day.
The growing use of mobile phones, computers and the Internet means
that families no longer gather round the TV to spend time together. 25% of
those who took part in the report said they now spend less time (5)..........
Only 58% of 18-29 year olds said they watched TV every day. Instead the
research found that 52% of Internet users who live with their families go
online (6)......... several times a week and 51% of parents browse the web
with their children.
‘Some analysts have worried that new technologies hurt families, but
we see that technology allows for new kinds of connectedness built around
cell phones and the Internet,’ said the report.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
than any other group
watching television
in the company of someone
than two computers in the home
communicated with their families
helping them communicate
owning a mobile
18
3. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the
questions 1-7.
A BUSY SATURDAY
Traffic wasn’t allowed in the town centre any more, apart from buses
and taxis and even they couldn’t use the high street. Barry wondered whether
this was a good thing or not. Custom at his shoe repair business hadn’t been
affected one way or the other, but he was trying to remember how it had
been before.
He was sure that somehow the town centre had seemed more alive
than now. OK, he thought, now there were flowerbeds and little gazebos
where shoppers could rest their feet or examine their purchases. But he
missed the hustle and bustle, especially around five o’clock when everyone
was rushing home from work. It was strangely quiet now without vehicles
hooting their horns and his regular customers didn’t stop to chat while they
were looking out for their bus any more. They simply picked up their shoes
and dashed off to the bus station.
In the summer, Barry would sometimes stand in the shop doorway
enjoying the sunshine as he watched the world go by. A young man came in
on Saturdays to give him a hand, but for the rest of the week he was on his
own. He liked it that way. If he wanted to pop into the café for a bite to eat, he
would just leave a note on the door, “Back in five minutes.” Everyone knew
that really meant half an hour.
One day, returning from the café after a particularly tasty lunch, Barry
found a woman waiting for him. “Where have you been?” she asked crossly.
“Five minutes! More like fifty!” Barry was lost for words. As he fumbled with
the lock, she explained why she was there. It was about her son, Phillip, who
helped out on Saturdays. She had come to tell Barry that he was away on a
school trip, so she would be taking his place at the shop that Saturday.
“No, honestly, there’s no need,” Barry protested. The last thing he
wanted was his Saturday ruined by this bossy woman. “No, I insist and that’s
the end of it.” Barry knew when he was beaten. After she had left, Barry
thought of plenty of things that he could have said, but it was too late. He
began to dread Saturday. Perhaps he could take the day off, pretend he was
ill or something.
But Saturday was Barry’s busiest day and he couldn’t afford to lose a
day’s takings. Sure enough, as the town hall clock struck nine, the woman
burst through the door of Barry’s shop. She immediately started on the jumble
19
of shoes and boots awaiting collection, sorting them into piles according to
the date they had been left for repair. Even some of the customers stared
open-mouthed. Then, just before lunchtime, she decided to start on the pile of
paperwork in Barry’s office at the back of the shop.
By now, Barry was totally exhausted just from watching her. “Please
slow down for a minute,” he pleaded. “Can’t we pop next door for a quick cup
of tea?” “Only for five minutes, I promise.” The woman laughed and closed
the filing cabinet she had just started looking through. “Okay, but only five
minutes and then I’ve got some great ideas for improving your business.”
1. The word ‘it’ (line 4, paragraph one) refers to
A. Barry’s shop.
B. life in the town.
C. traffic in the town.
D. the high street.
2. In paragraph two, the phrase ‘hustle and bustle’ means
A. noisy and busy activity.
B. traffic congestion.
C. large groups of people.
D. friendliness in the community.
3. Barry preferred working alone because he
A. didn’t trust anyone else to help him.
B. wasn’t a very sociable person.
C. was free to do as he pleased.
D. often worked unusual hours.
4. The woman had come to see Barry in order to
A. express her anger about something.
B. inform him of a decision she had made.
C. apologise for her son.
D. pick up a pair of shoes.
5. Barry didn’t argue with the woman because
A. he felt a little afraid of her.
B. she left before he could speak.
C. he knew she was right.
20
D. he thought it was a waste of time.
6. The woman spent Saturday morning
A. re-organising the shop.
B. energetically helping customers.
C. cleaning and tidying the shop.
D. doing all of Barry’s work for him.
7. In the final paragraph, the writer suggests that the woman
A. thought that Barry was lazy and disorganised.
B. was interested in working at the shop every Saturday.
C. was enthusiastic about making changes to the shop.
D. had been trying to make Barry work harder than usual.
4. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
NEW SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD: TEOTIHUACAN
Teotihuacan is an enormous archaeological site in
Mexico. It contains some of the (1)......... pyramids in America.
LARGE
Also, the archaeological site of Teotihuacan (2)......... for KNOW
the so-called ‘street of the dead’ and its colourful frescos.
Between 1AD and 250AD Teotihuacan (3)......... an BECOME
important religious and economic centre when the construction
of the Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon had been finished.
At that time as many as 200,000 people (4)......... in LIVE
Teotihuacan in at least 2,000 houses.
However, after there (5)......... a great fire, for some BE
unknown reason all the population decided to leave the city.
This happened in 650AD.
Since then Teotihuacan (6)......... the Aztecs, the Spanish SEE
invasion and has been deserted for many years.
Nowadays Teotihuacan is visited by millions of people
every year. Archaeologists are sure that it (7)......... popular in REMAIN
the future being a must-see if you’re in Mexico City.
5. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
21
INVENTION OF CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Crossword puzzles are the most popular word puzzles in
the world. However, their history is (1)......... short.
They were created in the 19th century in England, but the
(2)......... of the first published crossword puzzle took place in
1913 in the New York World newspaper.
The author of the puzzle was Arthur Wynne, a (3).........
born in Liverpool, England.
Wynne’s crossword puzzle looked much (4)......... from the
crosswords used today and had no black squares.
At first, only the New York World published such puzzles
every week. But in 1924 the first collection of World puzzles was
printed in book form and crossword puzzles immediately gained
(5)..........
A major breakthrough in crossword puzzle development
came with the personal computer. Although many computer
specialists used to say that it was (6)......... for a computer to
create a crossword puzzle, software was developed which
allows any person to construct their own crossword puzzles.
REAL
APPEAR
JOURNAL
DIFFER
POPULAR
POSSIBLE
6. Read the text. Choose which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
NEW YORK CITY: NOSTALGIA FOR THE OLD NEIGHBOURHOOD
Life is made up of little things: some unimportant memories from
childhood that, in fact, shaped your character. I (1)......... on Third Avenue in
midtown Manhattan during the 1950s-60s where family life was centred
around old (2)......... of flats and small stores. Third Avenue was my old
neighbourhood and it had character. It was (3)......... with working families of
Italian, German and Irish origin. We shopped together with all those people
and their kids played together. Third Avenue influenced the way our family
lived. I absorbed the street life. It gave me an (4)......... that I could not have
received in any other place. To me, it was home.
In a recent walk around Third Avenue my eyes (5)......... signs of the old
neighbourhood but couldn’t find any. If I hadn’t been born here and someone
described the area, it would be (6)......... to believe. It wasn’t because a few
buildings had changed – everything had changed. The transformation began
in the late 1950s and 60s when corporations replaced the old neighbourhood.
In the early 1960s, the houses were pulled down. Families were forced to
22
(7)........., the small stores went out of business and the old neighbourhood
was changed forever. And now there is a lack of character in the transformed
neighbourhood.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A) brought up
A) blocks
A) covered
A) knowledge
A) looked after
A) hard
A) stay out
B) grew up
B) houses
B) held
B) information
B) looked for
B) rough
B) take out
C) went up
C) groups
C) loaded
C) education
C) looked through
C) strange
C) move out
D) got up
D) sets
D) filled
D) training
D) looked at
D) heavy
D) go out
UNIT II
Вариант 1
1. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
MEMORIES AND REALITY
There is a well-known (1)........., “School days are the
(2)......... days of your life”. We realize it’s true when we are
worried about our (3)......... situation and are beginning to
hate the (4)......... of working in an office or factory every
day that you look fondly on the (5)......... times you had at
school. When you are still at school you often focus on the
negatives, like having to pay attention during a tedious
chemistry lesson or feeling (6)......... in an exam because
you don’t know any of the answers or (7)......... the
questions. But it’s quite (8)......... to complain about things
and then have great memories afterwards.
SAY
GOOD
FINANCE
BORE
EXCITE
HELP
UNDERSTAND
ACCEPT
2. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
JEANS
These days, it seems that people all over the world
wear jeans, but where did they come from? In 1870s, An
23
American tailor called Jacob Davis (1)......... many
customers who were farmers. Their clothes often needed
repairs and David had the idea of (2)......... strong trousers
for them. He (3)......... any money, so he
(4)......... to speak to a local merchant, Levi Strauss. He
asked him to help in business and blue jeans (5)..........
Denim (6)......... for their jeans , which is
(7)......... than most other materials. Since then, jeans
(8)......... popular all over the world, particularly with young
people.
HAVE
MAKE
NOT HAVE
GO
BEAR
USE
STRONG
BECOME
3. Read the text. Choose which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
ALFRED NOBEL
When we hear the name Nobel, we immediately think of the Nobel
Prizes. But Alfred Nobel, the (1)......... of the awards, was also a great
scientist and inventor.
Born in 1933 in Sweden, Nobel studied first in Russia and then (2).........
to the US where he studied mechanical engineering. Afterwards, he returned
to Sweden to work with his father. Gradually, they made advances in
explosives. Nobel figured out how to work safely with nitroglycerine, a very
dangerous and explosive substance. His invention later became known as
dynamite. Nobel continued throughout his life to (3)......... improvements in the
field of explosives. He eventually owned (4)......... explosives factories around
the world and became very wealthy.
Alfred Nobel was a man of great (5).......... When he died he left a
wonderful gift to the world: the Nobel Prizes. Each year these prizes are
(6)......... to scientists, inventors and other (7)......... people for their great
contribution to the world.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A) holder
A) transferred
A) do
A) numerous
A) advantage
A) awarded
A) popular
B) creator
B) visited
B) have
B) numerate
B) achievement
B) designed
B) famous
C) discoverer
C) joined
C) make
C) numerical
C) situation
C) suggested
C) creative
24
D) receiver
D) immigrated
D) take
D) numbered
D) incident
D) given
D) manageable
4. Read the text. Choose from the list A-G sentence which fits in the
space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A NEW WAY TO FIND A JOB
Gone are the days when British people would simply browse the job
adverts if the paper happened to fall open at the right section. The Internet
has revolutionised employment patterns across the country and job hunting
has become an almost permanent state of being for millions of people.
(1)........., people have been able to get relevant vacancies mailed to them
automatically, 24 hours a day, 52 weeks a year.
And now there is a new and free way for people to make progress in
their careers, with the job hunter becoming the hunted. CVquest, in
partnership with hundreds of local newspapers across the UK, enables job
seekers to keep their career profiles and CVs permanently available online,
where prospective employers can most easily find them.
(2)........., CVquest enables job seekers to specify the line of work they
are looking for and the part of the country they would be prepared to work in.
Best of all, keeping your profile and CV on CVquest is completely free.
(3)......... offering skills and experience relevant to the vacancies they have.
Already available through a growing number of newspaper websites,
CVquest offers job seekers a simple routine of registration, step-by-step
career profile assembly, and the opportunity to attach and upload a Word
document CV. (4)........., their profile will be displayed on dozens of
newspaper websites outside their immediate area. (5)......... and they can see
how many times their profile has been accessed by prospective employers.
(6)........., through their local paper website and CVquest. They can
register to receive notification of vacancies by email, and they can keep their
career profile and CV available to thousands of prospective new employers.
A.
It can be difficult for people to find the job they want
B.
Organised into sections according to employment category and
geographic area
C.
Job seekers can edit their profile whenever they choose
D.
For several years, by registering on job-hunting websites
E.
If people choose to ‘work anywhere in the UK’
F.
So people can take a two-way approach to career advancement
G. For their part, employers can secure access to hundreds, if not
thousands of CVs
25
5. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the
questions 1-3.
BALI REVISITED
Back in the 1980s when I went to Bali, I thought it was a wonderful
place to visit. I returned recently and found that you can still find some places
where that magic has survived, but first you have to work hard to get past the
busloads of tourists and the shops.
The guided tours are quite interesting, but you’ll find yourself in a queue
with all the other tourists waiting to look at the same temples and monkey
park. I wanted to see things from ordinary Balinese life - the shops, markets,
a wedding and so on - and the best way to do that was to hire a taxi for the
day. My taxi driver took me to a wedding, which was a wonderful show of
Balinese culture, and then we went on to the paddy fields where the latest
crop of rice was being collected.
Kuta is the island’s leading resort for surfing. It’s a noisy, dirty town filled
with tourists who come to shop and party late into the night, but the sea is
perfect for surfers. If you want a more relaxing time, stay on the other side of
the island in Sanur, where it’s less developed and much more peaceful.
Hotels are cheaper and you can easily travel to other parts of the island.
Souvenirs are not difficult to find, and the shops all sell the same kind of
items such as batik
T-shirts, hats and wood carvings. In fact, you can buy most of these
things at the airport if that’s what you want, and then you don’t have to carry
them around with you. The antique shops, on the other hand, have interesting
things like magnificent old tea sets that are really worth buying.
At the end of my return to Bali, I decided that parts of it were still very
beautiful and I quite enjoyed myself. So, if you have time, stay in Bali for a
few days, but make sure you explore some of the other islands for the rest of
your trip.
1. What is the writer trying to do in this text?
A give information about Bali
B tell people about Bali in the 1980s
C complain about the behaviour of tourists in Bali
D warn people not to visit Bali
26
2. Why would somebody read the text?
A to learn about the history of Bali
B to find out which temples to visit
C to find out about Balinese weddings and funerals
D to learn what to do and where to go in Bali
3. What is worth doing according to the writer?
A going on a guided tour
B getting a taxi for a day
C visiting the monkey park
D seeing the temples
Вариант 2
1. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
FINLAND
Finland has many (1)......... places to visit, including Saimaa,
an area full of lakes and islands. Saimaa is an area of
amazing (2)......... beauty and around 350,000 people visit the
area each
summer. Many people spend their holiday
canoeing along the (3)......... lakes, enjoying the water, the
forests, and the wide (4)......... of local animal and plant life.
There are six towns around Saimaa and the local people are
very (5)........... However, you can spend days on the water
without meeting a single person, so a good map is very
(6).......... The wonderful area
(7)......... gives great pleasure for
(8)..........
ATTRACT
NATURE
POLLUTE
VARY
FRIEND
USE
REAL
TOUR
2. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
WHO DISCOVERED AUSTRALIA?
The Dutch (1).......... the first Europeans to visit BE
Australia. Many navigators (2).......... themselves on the west FIND
coast of Australia. But the Dutch did not know far east the
27
land stretched, and in 1642 Captain Abel Tasman (3)..........
out to discover what (4).......... in the east. Tasman sailed too
far south where nobody (5).......... before, he visited the island
now (6).......... Tasmania in his honour. No careful
explorations of the continent (7).......... for another century or
so. Then in 1770 the English captain James Cook named it
New South Wales and reported back to England that much of
New South Wales looked good for settlement. In London the
British government (8).......... it was a good place to send their
convicts.
SEND
LIE
SAIL
CALL
MAKE
THINK
3. Read the text. Choose which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
THE CIRCUS
Everybody loves the circus. For almost 300 years, across Europe,
Russia and America, children of all ages’ have been (1).......... by the animals
and acrobats of the circus. The first circus was (2).......... in England in 1769
by Philip Astley, who performed horse-riding stunts for a small
(3)........... He then travelled throughout Europe and established circuses in
many other countries. The circuses usually took place in outdoor areas in a
circle or a ring (4).......... by (5)........... The performers (6).......... their
audiences with exciting acrobatic acts and horse-riding (7)...........
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A) appealed
A) set
A) viewer
A) taken
A) crowds
A) informed
A) performances
B) enjoyed
B) founded
B) guest
B) surrounded
B) hosts
B) thrilled
B) plays
C) laughed
C) constructed
C) cast
C) organised
C) characters
C) concerned
C) stages
D) entertained
D) manufactured
D) audience
D) restricted
D) spectators
D) kicked
D) theatres
4. Read the text. Choose from the list A-G sentence which fits in the
space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
NOT ENOUGH VIOLA PLAYERS
There is currently a national shortage of viola players in Britain. For
those playing the instrument (larger in size and deeper in tone than the
28
violin), (1).........., Places in orchestras and on music courses are more readily
available for them than for the larger numbers of violinists.
Last weekend, for example, the National Children’s Orchestra (NCO)
began rehearsals with viola places still vacant. ‘Violists are in short supply,’
says Vivienne Price, the NCO’s founder and vice-president. ‘People all want
to be first violin but (2)........... All the different kinds are required, not just one.’
With more than 300 of the country’s top violinists competing for 170
places in the NCO this year, standards were very high, even for the training
section, which takes seven to ten-year-olds. But there were just 63 competing
for the NCO’s 70 viola positions and, as a result, candidates who have not
reached the same standard as those applying for the violin places were
accepted. ‘We encourage children to apply for the training orchestra,
(3)..........,’ says Miss Price.
Peter Hewitt, director of the junior department of the Royal College of
Music, says (4).........., with 24 players, but there are many more violinists.
’Younger children particularly like the glamour of the melody line, and the
bass line has its attractions,’ he says ‘But the middle line, which is played by
the viola, is a problem. I think the viola has a gorgeous sound, but (5)...........’
Both the Royal College and the NCO are trying to encourage children to
take up the viola. ‘It really frustrates me,’ says Roger Clarkson, the NCO’s
director of music. ‘People will say that, if you can’t play the violin, (6)...........
But the viola is actually a wonderful instrument in its own right.’
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
it has always been an instrument people have avoided
if lots of violinists decide to change to the viola
even if they are not as far advanced
you should go on to the viola
there are plenty of opportunities in a variety of organisations
it is currently ‘reasonably well off’ for violas
they should realise it is like voices in a choir
5. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the
questions 1-3.
THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH POUND
England has enjoyed a relatively stable single national currency with an
unbroken history of over 900 years. The origins of the pound sterling date
even further back. In fact, the pound as a unit of currency has never had to be
replaced by a new currency, in contrast to many European currencies. The
29
pound has also been preferred and widely accepted in international trade for
two hundred years. As a result, other countries had to adapt their currency
arrangements to fit in with sterling.
The pound was introduced into England by the Normans even before
William I conquered and united England in 1066. It was originally an amount
of silver weighing a pound and became the basis of the monetary systems
throughout the British colonies. With Britain’s head start in the Industrial
revolution, developments in banking, her military victories and the spread of
the British Empire during the 19th century, the pound sterling became the
world’s most important currency.
After the Norman Conquest, the pound was divided into twenty shillings.
The shillings were made of silver and the weight of twenty shillings was
exactly that of one pound. The shillings were then divided into twelve pence
or pennies. The pennies were made of copper, and the weight of twelve
pennies was exactly the weight of one shilling. On 15th February, 1971,
Britain introduced the decimal system. This meant that the pound (₤) was
equal to 100 pence (p) which made it much easier to use.
1. According to the author …
A the Pound has been replaced many times
B the Pound is considered the strongest currency in the world
C the Pound has been widely accepted only in England
D the Pound has no long history
2. English people are proud that …
A William I introduced the pound into England
B the first pound was not used in the British colonies.
C the pound has the long rich history
D Normans introduced the pound after the Industrial revolution
3. After the introduction of the decimal system …
A the Pound was always equal to 100
B the Pound was replaced by the shillings
C the Pound was made simpler for all
D the Pound was made of copper
30
Вариант 3
1. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
WWW.OXFORD.COM
If you love words and you love (1).......... more about
the English language, this is website for you. Have you
ever (2).......... why the “h” is silent in the words heir,
honour, hour and honest? You have been probably taught
that it is (3).......... to use double negatives in English. You
can find (4).......... information about it. There are
(5).......... of origins of some
(6).......... quotations. There is a “word of the day” site
where an (7).......... word and its origins are explained.
There is advice on (8).......... writing of letters and how to
use English more stylistic.
Ask www.oxford.com
LEARN
WONDER
CORRECT
ADD
EXPLAIN
FAME
USUAL
GOOD
2. Read the text. Use the words in capitals on the right to form a word
that fits in the space in the same line. Mind the correct grammar form.
HISTORY OF WASHINGTON, D.C.
Following the American Revolution the newly formed
United States needed a capital city. Various sites, (1)..........
Philadelphia, (2)........... However, Congress
(3).......... a bill in 1790
(4).......... permission for a site to be chosen somewhere
near the Potomac River. This section of land (5).......... the
District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus; the city to
be built on it was to be named Washington in honour of the
first president. In 1791 President George Washington
(6).......... the site where the city now
(7).........., and selected Pierre Charles L’Enfant, a young
Frenchman who (8).......... in the American Revolution, to
design the city.
31
INCLUDE
PROPOSE
PASS
GIVE
CALL
CHOOSE
STAND
FIGHT
3. Read the text. Choose which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
ALASKA
When Alaska became one of the United States in 1959, it increased the
size of the USA by a fifth. (1).......... this huge state, with the largest mountain
in North America, has the second smallest population. This (2).......... that
there are still large numbers of wild animals (3).......... as polar bears, moose
and seals, and trapping and hunting are major (4)........... The largest group of
(5).......... people living in Alaska is the Inuit, who used to be (6).......... as
Eskimos. Most of them hunt or fish, but some of those living in cities are
(7).......... in government work.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A) Otherwise
A) means
A) same
A) industries
A) starting
A) recognized
A) involved
B) Despite
B) proves
B) similar
B) companies
B) first
B) claimed
B) occupied
C) Yet
C) demands
C) such
C) firms
C) original
C) called
C) focused
D) Though
D) shows
D) like
D) bodies
D) native
D) known
D) included
4. Read the text. Choose from the list A-G sentence which fits in the
space (1-6). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
HAPPINESS
What is happiness? In many industrialised countries, it is often equated
with money. But the small Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan has been trying a
different idea. In 1972, concerned about the problems afflicting other
developing countries (1).........., Bhutan’s leader, King Jigme Singye
Wangchuck, decided to make his nation’s priority its GNH, or Gross National
Happiness. Bhutan, the King said, needed to ensure that prosperity was
shared across society and that it was balanced against preserving cultural
traditions, protecting the environment and maintaining a responsive
government. The King instituted policies (2)...........
Now, Bhutan’s example is serving as a catalyst for broader discussions
of national well-being. A growing number of economists, social scientists,
corporate leaders and bureaucrats around the world are trying to develop
systems (3).......... but also access to health care, time with family,
conservation of natural resources and other non-economic factors. The goal
is partly to obtain a broader definition of the word happiness. ‘We have to
think of human well-being in broader terms,’ said Bhutan’s Home Minister.
32
‘Material well-being is only one component. That doesn’t ensure that you’re at
peace with your environment (4)...........’
In the early stages of a climb out of poverty, for a household or a
country, incomes and contentment grow together. But various studies show
that beyond certain points, (5).........., happiness does not keep up. And some
countries, studies found, were happier than they should be. One study found
that Latin American countries, for example, registered far more subjective
happiness than their economic status would suggest. But researchers have
had great difficulty in developing measuring techniques (6)........... And some
experts question whether national well-being can really be defined. Just the
act of trying to quantify happiness could destroy it, said one expert. ‘The most
important things in life are not prone to measurement-like love.’
A.
aimed at accomplishing these goals
B.
that can capture this broader sense of well-being
C.
and in harmony with each other
D.
whose focus was only on economic growth
E.
but there is not necessarily a relationship between wealth and
happiness
F.
as annual income passes certain levels
G. that measure not just the flow of money
5. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the
questions 1-3.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The term ‘artificial intelligence’ was first used by Professor John
McCarthy in 1956. However, the idea of creating ‘thinking machines’ appears
over and over again throughout history. In the 3rd century BC, a Chinese
engineer called Mo Ti made mechanical birds, dragons and soldier and much
later, in 18th century Europe, the nobility were delighted by mechanical figures
which moved by clockwork. It seemed that making machines that moved and
looked like human beings was easy. The difficult part would be to create a
machine that could think like a human being.
When computers appeared in the 1950s, many people thought that it
would not be long before these impressive machines started talking, thinking
for themselves and taking over the world. People predicted all kinds of things,
from robot servants to computerized houses. None of it happened. Despite
33
the billions of dollars and years of research given to developing artificial
intelligence, computers are still unable to hold a normal conversation with a
human being. In fact, although computers today can process information
thousands of times faster than they could fifty years ago, they are only two or
three times better at using human language than they were back then. In
addition, the huge increase in computer use has proved that today’s
computers, with their windows, mice, icons and commands, do not operate in
the same way as the human brain. If this were not true, there would be no
need for the thousands of tech support staff employed by call centres.
1. According to the text, people have been trying to create thinking
machines …
A since the third century BC
B since the 1950s
C since the 18th century
D since history began
2. In the 18th century, mechanical figures …
A were operated by engines
B amused wealthy people
C were difficult to make
D could be used to tell the time
3. People expected computers to be able to talk because …
A they were very expensive
B they were impressed by computers
C they wanted mechanical servants
D they believed computers would take over the world
34
KEYS
Unit I
Вариант 1
1. Sweden
1
2
C
F
3
G
4
A
2. Mount Vesuvius
1
2
3
4
D
C
G
F
5
E
6
H
5
A
6
B
7
D
3. The Joy And Enthusiasm Of Reading
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
C
D
D
B
D
D
4. The ‘All Blacks’
1. was played
2. was called
3. men
4. first
5. doesn’t mean
5. Invention of Bubble Gum
1. usually
3. sticky
2. different
4. possibility
6. Harrods
1
2
B
C
3
D
4
A
5
B
6
C
5. demonstration
6. successful
7
B
Вариант 2
1. Belgium
1
2
C
E
3
G
4
A
2. Hollywood
1
2
3
C
E
G
4
D
3. To Become Wealthy
1
2
3
4
A
D
C
A
5
H
6
D
5
A
5
B
7
F
6
B
6
A
7
A
35
6. living
7. youngest
4. New Seven Wonders of the World: the Forbidden City
1. most popular
4. covers
6. kept
2. was built
5. have invested
7. is visited
3. had ruled (had been
ruling)
5. Invention of Computer
1. calculation
3. scientist
2. discovery
4. similarity
5. unknown
6. impossible
6. The Qualities of Great Children’s Films
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
A
B
D
C
C
A
Вариант 3
1. Kinds Of Sport
1
2
3
A
E
B
4
G
5
C
6
F
7
H
2. Hi-Tech Brings Families Together
1
2
3
4
5
6
F
A
D
G
B
C
3. A Busy Saturday
1
2
3
4
B
A
C
B
5
D
6
A
7
C
4. New Seven Wonders of the World: Teotihuacan
1. largest
4. lived
6. has seen
2. is known
5. was been (had
7. will remain
3. became
been)
5. Invention of Crossword Puzzle
1. really
3. journalist
2. appearance
4. different
5. popularity
6. impossible
6. New York City: Nostalgia for the Old Neighbourhood
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
A
D
C
B
A
C
36
UNIT II
Вариант 1
1. Memories And Reality
1. saying
3. financial
2. best
4. boredom
5. exciting
6. helpless
7. misunderstood
8. acceptable
2. Jeans
1. had
2. making
5. were born
6. was used
7. stronger
8. have become
3. Alfred Nobel
1
2
3
B
D
C
3. didn’t have
4. went
4
A
5
B
6
A
4. A New Way To Find A Job
1
2
3
4
5
D
B
G
E
C
6
F
7
C
5. Bali revisited
1
2
3
A
D
B
Вариант 2
1. Finland
1. attractive
2. natural
3. unpolluted
4. variety
2. Who Discovered Australia?
1. were
3. was sent
2. found
4. lay
3. The Circus
1
2
3
D
B
D
4
B
5
D
6
B
4. Not Enough Viola Players
1
2
3
4
5
E
G
C
F
A
6
D
5. friendly
6. useful
7. really
8. tourists
5. had sailed
6. called
7. were made
8. thought
7
A
5. The History Of The English Pound
1
2
3
B
C
C
37
Вариант 3
1. www.oxford.com
1. learning
3. incorrect
2. wondered
4. additional
5. explanations
6. famous
7. unusual
8. better
2. History Of Washington, D.C.
1. including
3. passed
2. were proposed 4. giving
5. was called
6. chose
7. stands
8. had fought
3. Alaska
1
2
C
A
3
C
4
A
5
D
6
D
4. Happiness
1
2
3
D
A
G
4
C
5
F
6
B
7
A
5. Artificial Intelligence
1
2
3
D
B
B
38