TIC TAC TOE PAGE 1
1. Structures on distantly related organisms that are not similar, but are used for the same function are called?
(analogous structures)
2. In absolute dating, the time it takes half of the carbon-14 in an object to turn into nitrogen-14 is called?
(half-life)
3. The type of natural selection that favors the average individuals is called?
(stabilizing selection)
4. Phylogenic relatedness is mostly based on?
(evolutionary relationships)
5. Define species?
(A group of alike organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring)
6. When a physical barrier separates a population and over time speciation occurs, this is called?
(geographic isolation/allopatric)
7. Explain what an allelic frequency has to do with a gene pool?
(A gene pool is all the alleles that can be inherited in a population, the allelic frequency is the amount/percentage of which a certain
allele shows up in the gene pool- for example, all the hair colors in the room would be the gene pool, the blonde allelic frequency
would be smaller compared to brunette)
8. What was the end result of urey and miller’s experiment?
(amino acids formed from abiotic factors)
9. When a species found in two different environments become increasing different from each other, this is called?
(divergent evolution)
10. In a population of beetles, some are light colored, some are medium colored, and some are very dark. If the
dark beetles are favored for and live on to produce offspring, which type of natural selection is this?
(Directional)
11. How old is Earth said to be?
(4.6 billion years)
12. What is an indicator that two organisms are in the same species?
(they can interbreed)
13. What is an adaptation?
(Any characteristic that helps an organism survive in their environment)
14. Describe the Endosymbiotic theory?
(that chloroplasts and mitochondria are prokaryotic cells that were ingested, not digested, and evolved to live mutualistically
inside of eukaryotic cells)
15. Hind leg bones found inside of a python are an example of?
(vestigial structures)
16. Looking at genetic material, how do you know if two organisms are closely related?
(If their DNA sequencing is close)
17. How is DNA/Comparative BioChemistry evidence of a common ancestor for all living things?
(all living things use the same genetic code, in other words all codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms)
TIC TAC TOE PAGE 2
1. What is a mutation?
(any change in a DNA sequence)
2. If organisms are in the same clade in a phylogenic tree, what does that mean?
(that they have a common ancestor)
3. What were the gases in the primitive atmosphere? (ammonia, hydrogen gas, methane, and water vapor)
4. Convergent evolution can lead to what types of structures in organisms of distant relation?
(analogous structures)
5. Describe natural selection.
(when the organisms in a population with a favorable variation survive to reproduce and pass on that trait to their offspring)
6. What do most scientists believe is the common ancestor of all living things?
(a prokaryote, or bacteria)
7. What was the atmosphere missing that is needed for most life today?
(oxygen)
8. What is speciation?
(The evolution of a new species)
9. Which type of natural selection leads to speciation and WHY?
(disruptive natural selection- both extreme variations are favored for and the average individuals are cut out)
10. What does relative dating mean?
(that fossils that are deeper in the Earth are more primitive, and the ones closer to the surface are younger)
11. What are perfect conditions for a fossil to be formed?
(sedimentary rock, covered soon after death, if the organism has hard portions of its body- like bones or a shell)
12. What makes something considered to be a homologous structure?
(common ancestor, similar in structure)
13. How old are the oldest fossils found?
(3.8 billion years old)
14. What are vestigial structures?
(structures an species is born with that serve no purpose, but were probably used by their ancestors)
15. A bat wing and an insect wing are examples of?
(analogous structures- same function, made differently)
16. How can competition lead to natural selection?
(survival of the fittest, the ones that win, will survive)
17. What structures do all chordate embryos have in common? MUST GIVE THREE
(muscle bundles, gill slits, a tail, a notochord (beginnings of a spinal column), and a spinal cord)