TEACHER TRAINING
NETWORK FOR IRAQ
Geology for Chemistry, Physics, Biology
and Geography—a Syllabus
Prof. Dr. Sa'ad Al- Sheikhly
College of Science, Baghdad University
1- Introduction:
Teaching geology in Iraqi Secondary schools is distributed among the syllabus of
different subjects, such as physics, chemistry, biology and geography, where it
contains the physical features of earth, laws controlling them, rocks, minerals, the life
of the past and evolution, in addition to the paleoecology and their distribution. So
that is the reason to do four training packages.
2- Subject: Physics
2-1- Topic: Physical Geology
2-2- Introduction: This subject is giving an introduction to geology and its
relation with other sciences. The definition of Earth and its position within Universe;
then a study of earth main components, rocks, minerals, and the role of water, winds
and glaciers in weathering and erosion. In addition to the study of rock mass
movement, earthquakes and mountain building.
2-3- Purpose: To introduce the earth to students, in order to understand its
position and composition either exteriorly or interiorly; and to know the main
geological processes that work continuously to change earth morphology since the
beginning of earth with an attempt to do a link with the physical laws.
2-4- Learning Outcomes: To evaluate student understanding to the general
principles of geological science and the roles of geological processes, in addition to
the rock mass movement, earthquakes and their effect on the distribution of oceans,
seas, rivers and their patterns; with an attempt to give examples on the application of
the physical laws on geology.
2-5- Readings:
- Stokes W.L. and Judson S.; 1968; Introduction to Geology; New Jersey;
Prentice – Hall.
- Al- Saigh A.H. and Al- Omari F.; 1974; General Geology; Mosul
University. (In Arabic)
- Al-Sinawi S., Al- Rawi Y., Al- Najdi A., and Al- Ansari N.; 1979;
General Geology (Physical and Historical); 1st ed.; College of Science,
Baghdad University. (In Arabic)
- Marshak, Stephen; 2004; Essentials of Geology; New York: W.W.
Norton & Company.
- Monroe, James S. and Wicander, Reed; 2009; The Changing Earth:
Exploring geology and Evolution; 5 th ed.; Brooks/ Cole Cengage
Learning.
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2-6- Lesson Plan:
2-6-1- Introduction:
What is geology? – Divisions of Geology as a science – Contribution of Arab
Scientists on geology –Evolution of recent scientific thoughts in geology – Relation
of geology with other sciences.
2-6-2- Solar System and Earth:
Planets and Stars – The Sun – Universe and Galaxies – Solar system – Origin of
Earth – Characters of earth – Earth interior layers – Comets and Meteorites.
2-6-3- Material and Minerals:
Atom – Crystals – Minerals – The Rock Cycle.
2-6-4- Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes:
Chemical and Mineralogical composition of igneous rocks – Classification of igneous
rocks – Patterns of igneous rocks – Volcanoes and its activities.
2-6-5- Weathering, Erosion and Sedimentary Rocks:
Weathering – Soil and its types – Erosion – Sedimentary Rocks and their types.
2-6-6- Metamorphic Rocks:
Factors and types of Metamorphism – Classification of metamorphic rocks – Relation
with the parent rocks.
2-6-7- Surface Water & Geological action of rivers:
Water cycle – Rivers Flow – Geological processes of rivers – Resulted patterns –
Types of Drainage Patterns.
2-6-8- Ground Water:
Origin of ground water – Vertical distribution – Ground water aquifers – Porosity and
Permeability – Movement of ground water – Types of ground water – Factors
affecting on water table – Springs and Geysers - Exploration methods for ground
waters – Geological processes of ground water – Ground water pollution.
2-6-9- Seas and Oceans:
Characters of Sea water – Movement of sea water – Sea floor.
2-6-10- Deserts and Wind Erosion:
The winds – Sand Transport – Wind erosion (Deflation) – Eolian deposits – Types of
sand dunes.
2-6-11- Glaciers:
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Ice and glaciers formation – Glacier motion – Types of glaciers – Landforms created
by glaciers – Glacier erosion – Glacier deposits – Pleistocene ice age.
2-6-12- Earth mass movement and landslides:
Slow creep – Fast creep – Landslide – Subsidence.
2-6-13- Structural Geology:
Rock Mechanics – Dip and Strike – Folds – Faults – Joints – Conformity and
Unconformity.
2-6-14- Earthquakes:
Earth interior – Seismology – Earth thermal activity – Earth magnetism – Gravity
field of earth – Principle of Isostosy.
2-6-15- Earth Movement & Mountain Building:
Earth between static and movement – Earth crust and its major classification – Areas
of Shields and continents – Origin of earth movements – Continental drift theory –
Sea Floor Spreading theory– Plate tectonic theory.
2-7- Reflection:
The teacher must utilized the physical features which could be seen by students
around their schools or city by doing short field trips, and asking the students to
watch scientific reports on TV or the internet.
2-8- Extension:
- http://geology.com
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology
- http://geology.about.com
- www.thefreedictionary.com/geology
3- Subject: Chemistry
3-1- Topic: Geology
3-2- Introduction: This subject is giving an introduction to geology and its
relation with other sciences. The definition of Earth and its position within Universe;
then a study of earth main components, rocks, minerals, and the role of water, winds
and glaciers in weathering and erosion. In addition is the study of rock mass
movement, earthquakes and mountain building.
3-3- Purpose: To introduce the earth to students, in order to understand its
position and composition either exteriorly or interiorly; and to know the main
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geological processes that work continuously to change earth morphology since the
beginning of earth.
3-4- Learning Outcomes: To evaluate student understanding to the general
principles of geological science that concerns with crystals, minerals and rocks, and
studying the roles of geological processes, in addition to the rock mass movement,
earthquakes and their effect on the distribution of oceans, seas, rivers and their
patterns.
3-5- Readings:
- Stokes W.L. and Judson S.; 1968; Introduction to Geology; New Jersey;
Prentice – Hall.
- Al- Saigh A.H. and Al- Omari F.; 1974; General Geology; Mosul
University. (In Arabic)
-Al-Sinawi S., Al- Rawi Y., Al- Najdi A., and Al- Ansari N.; 1979;
General Geology (Physical and Historical); 1 st ed.; College of Science,
Baghdad University. (In Arabic)
- Marshak, Stephen; 2004; Essentials of Geology; New York: W.W.
Norton & Company.
-
Monroe, James S. and Wicander, Reed; 2009; The Changing Earth:
Exploring geology and Evolution; 5 th ed.; Brooks/ Cole Cengage
Learning.
3-6- Lesson Plan:
3-6-1- Introduction:
What is geology? – Divisions of Geology as a science – Contribution of Arab
Scientists on geology –Evolution of recent scientific thoughts in geology – Relation
of geology with other sciences.
3-6-2- Solar System and Earth:
Planets and Stars – The Sun – Universe and Galaxies – Solar System – Origin of
Earth – Characters of earth – Earth interior layers – Comets and Meteorites.
3-6-3- Material and Minerals:
Atom – Crystals – Minerals – The Rock Cycle.
3-6-4- Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes:
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Chemical and Mineralogical composition of igneous rocks – Classification of igneous
rocks – Patterns of igneous rocks – Volcanoes and its activities.
3-6-5- Weathering, Erosion and Sedimentary Rocks:
Weathering – Soil and its types – Erosion – Sedimentary Rocks and their types.
3-6-6- Metamorphic Rocks:
Factors and types of Metamorphism – Classification of metamorphic rocks – Relation
with the parent rocks.
3-6-7- Surface Water & Geological action of rivers:
Water cycle – Rivers Flow – Geological processes of rivers – Resulted patterns –
Types of Drainage Patterns.
3-6-8- Ground Water:
Origin of ground water – Vertical distribution – Ground water aquifers – Porosity and
Permeability – Movement of ground water – Types of ground water – Factors
affecting on water table – Springs and Geysers - Exploration methods for ground
waters – Geological processes of ground water – Ground water pollution.
3-6-9- Seas and Oceans:
Characters of Sea water – Movement of sea water – Sea floor.
3-6-10- Deserts and Wind Erosion:
The winds – Sand Transport – Wind erosion (Deflation) – Eolian deposits – Types of
sand dunes.
3-6-11- Glaciers:
Ice and glaciers formation – Glacier motion – Types of glaciers – Landforms created
by glaciers – Glacier erosion – Glacier deposits – Pleistocene ice age.
3-6-12- Earth mass movement and landslides:
Slow creep – Fast creep – Landslide – Subsidence.
3-6-13- Structural Geology:
Rock Mechanics – Dip and Strike – Folds – Faults – Joints – Conformity and
Unconformity.
3-6-14- Earthquakes:
Earth interior – Seismology – Earth thermal activity – Earth magnetism – Gravity
field of earth – Principle of Isostosy.
3-6-15- Earth Movement & Mountain Building:
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Earth between static and movement – Earth crust and its major classification – Areas
of Shields and continents – Origin of earth movements – Continental drift theory –
Sea Floor Spreading theory– Plate tectonic theory.
3-7- Reflection:
The teacher must utilized the physical features which could be seen by students
around their schools or city by doing short field trips, and asking the students to
watch scientific reports on TV or the internet.
3-8- Extension:
- http://geology.com
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology
- http://geology.about.com
- www.thefreedictionary.com/geology
4- Subject: Biology
4-1- Topic: Physical and Historical Geology
4-2- Introduction: This subject is giving an introduction to geology and its
relation with other sciences. The definition of Earth and its position within Universe;
then a study of earth main components, rocks, minerals, and the role of water, winds
and glaciers in weathering and erosion. In addition to the study of the fundamental
basics of historical geology, concept of geological time, distribution of life
throughout the geological time, paleoecology of earth since the first appearance of
life till now.
4-3- Purpose: To introduce the earth to students, in order to understand its
position and composition either exteriorly or interiorly; and to know the main
geological processes that work continuously to change earth morphology since the
beginning of earth.
4-4- Learning Outcomes: To evaluate student understanding to the general
principles of geological sciences with special interest with the historical concepts and
to know the geological distribution of life and their paleoecology.
4-5- Readings:
- Stokes W.L. and Judson S.; 1968; Introduction to Geology; New Jersey;
Prentice – Hall.
- Al- Saigh A.H. and Al- Omari F.; 1974; General Geology; Mosul
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University. (In Arabic)
-
-
Al-Sinawi S., Al- Rawi Y., Al- Najdi A., and Al- Ansari N.; 1979;
General Geology (Physical and Historical); 1 st ed.; College of Science,
Baghdad University. (In Arabic)
Marshak, Stephen; 2004; Essentials of Geology; New York: W.W.
Norton & Company.
Monroe, James S. and Wicander, Reed; 2009; The Changing Earth:
Exploring geology and Evolution; 5 th ed.; Brooks/ Cole Cengage
Learning.
4-6- Lesson Plan:
4-6-1- Introduction:
What is geology? – Divisions of Geology as a science – Contribution of Arab
Scientists on geology –Evolution of recent scientific thoughts in geology – Relation
of geology with other sciences.
4-6-2- Solar System and Earth:
Planets and Stars – The Sun – Universe and Galaxies – Solar System – Origin of
Earth – Characters of earth – Earth interior layers – Comets and Meteorites.
4-6-3- Material and Minerals:
Atom – Crystals – Minerals – The Rock Cycle.
4-6-4- Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes:
Chemical and Mineralogical composition of igneous rocks – Classification of igneous
rocks – Patterns of igneous rocks – Volcanoes and its activities.
4-6-5- Weathering, Erosion and Sedimentary Rocks:
Weathering – Soil and its types – Erosion – Sedimentary Rocks and their types.
4-6-6- Metamorphic Rocks:
Factors and types of Metamorphism – Classification of metamorphic rocks – Relation
with the parent rocks.
4-6-7- Surface Water & Geological action of rivers:
Water cycle – Rivers Flow – Geological processes of rivers – Resulted patterns –
Types of Drainage Patterns.
4-6-8- Ground Water:
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Origin of ground water – Vertical distribution – Ground water aquifers – Porosity and
Permeability – Movement of ground water – Types of ground water – Factors
affecting on water table – Springs and Geysers - Exploration methods for ground
waters – Geological processes of ground water – Ground water pollution.
4-6-9- Seas and Oceans:
Characters of Sea water – Movement of sea water – Sea floor.
4-6-10- Deserts and Wind Erosion:
The winds – Sand Transport – Wind erosion (Deflation) – Eolian deposits – Types of
sand dunes.
4-6-11- Glaciers:
Ice and glaciers formation – Glacier motion – Types of glaciers – Landforms created
by glaciers – Glacier erosion – Glacier deposits – Pleistocene ice age.
4-6-12- Concepts of Historical Geology:
Principle of Uniformitarianism – Law of Superposition, its relations and problems –
Reconstruction of past events – Principle of faunal succession.
4-6-13- Time in Geology:
Relative geologic time – Absolute time and methods of measuring – Recent methods
for measuring time – Geological Time table and divisions in absolute time –
Paleozoic Era ( Biological and Physical events) – Mesozoic Era (Biological and
Physical events) – Cenozoic Era (Biological and Physical events) – Paleoclimate.
4-6-14- Stratigraphic Units:
Classification of Litho- and Biostratigraphic units – Concepts of determining
stratigraphic units – Surfaces of Unconformity and their meanings.
4-6-15- Distribution of life geographically and through geological time:
Vertical and geographical distribution of biological groups – Paleoecology.
4-6-16- Ice Ages and Human rise:
Pre - Cambrian to late Paleozoic Era Glaciations – Pleistocene Glaciations and their
effect on rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, climate and animal and plant life – Human, its
appearance and evolution.
4-7- Reflection:
The teacher must utilized the physical features which could be seen by students
around their schools or city by doing short field trips, and asking the students to
watch scientific reports on TV or the internet.
4-8- Extension:
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- http://geology.com
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology
- http://geology.about.com
- www.thefreedictionary.com/geology
5- Subject: Geography
5-1- Topic: Physical Geology and Geomorphology
5-2- Introduction: This subject is giving an introduction to geology and its
relation with other sciences. The definition of Earth and its position within Universe;
then a study of earth main components, rocks, minerals, and the role of water, winds
and glaciers in weathering and erosion. In addition to the study of rock mass
movement, earthquakes and mountain building.
5-3- Purpose: To introduce the earth to students, in order to understand its
position and composition; and to know the main geological processes that work
continuously to change earth morphology since the beginning of earth.
5-4- Learning Outcomes: To evaluate student understanding to the general
principles of geological science and the roles of geological processes in changing
earth topography, the rock mass movement, earthquakes and their effect on the
distribution of oceans, seas, rivers and their patterns.
5-5- Readings:
- Stokes W.L. and Judson S.; 1968; Introduction to Geology; New Jersey;
Prentice – Hall.
- Al- Saigh A.H. and Al- Omari F.; 1974; General Geology; Mosul
University. (In Arabic)
- Al-Sinawi S., Al- Rawi Y., Al- Najdi A., and Al- Ansari N.; 1979;
General Geology (Physical and Historical); 1 st ed.; College of Science,
Baghdad University. (In Arabic)
- Marshak, Stephen; 2004; Essentials of Geology; New York: W.W.
Norton & Company.
- Monroe, James S. and Wicander, Reed; 2009; The Changing Earth:
Exploring geology and Evolution; 5th ed.; Brooks/ Cole Cengage
Learning.
Page | 10
5-6- Lesson Plan:
5-6-1- Introduction:
What is geology? – Divisions of Geology as a science – Contribution of Arab
Scientists on geology –Evolution of recent scientific thoughts in geology – Relation
of geology with other sciences.
5-6-2- Solar System and Earth:
Planets and Stars – The Sun – Universe and Galaxies – Solar System – Origin of
Earth – Characters of earth – Earth interior layers – Comets and Meteorites.
5-6-3- Material and Minerals:
Atom – Crystals – Minerals – The Rock Cycle.
5-6-4- Igneous Rocks and Volcanoes:
Chemical and Mineralogical composition of igneous rocks – Classification of igneous
rocks – Patterns of igneous rocks – Volcanoes and its activities.
5-6-5- Weathering, Erosion and Sedimentary Rocks:
Weathering – Soil and its types – Erosion – Sedimentary Rocks and their types.
5-6-6- Metamorphic Rocks:
Factors and types of Metamorphism – Classification of metamorphic rocks – Relation
with the parent rocks.
5-6-7- Surface Water & Geological action of rivers:
Water cycle – Rivers Flow – Geological processes of rivers – Resulted patterns –
Types of Drainage Patterns.
5-6-8- Ground Water:
Origin of ground water – Vertical distribution – Ground water aquifers – Porosity and
Permeability – Movement of ground water – Types of ground water – Factors
affecting on water table – Springs and Geysers - Exploration methods for ground
waters – Geological processes of ground water – Ground water Pollution.
5-6-9- Seas and Oceans:
Characters of Sea water – Movement of sea water – Sea floor.
5-6-10- Deserts and Wind Erosion:
The winds – Sand Transport – Wind erosion (Deflation) – Eolian deposits – Types of
sand dunes.
5-6-11- Glaciers:
Page | 11
Ice and glaciers formation – Glacier motion – Types of glaciers – Landforms created
by glaciers – Glacier erosion – Glacier deposits – Pleistocene ice age.
5-6-12- Earth mass movement and landslides:
Slow creep – Fast creep – Landslide – Subsidence.
5-6-13- Structural Geology:
Rock Mechanics – Dip and Strike – Folds – Faults – Joints – Conformity and
Unconformity.
5-6-14- Earthquakes:
Earth interior - Seismology – Earth thermal activity – Earth magnetism – Gravity
field of earth – Principle of Isostosy.
5-6-15- Earth Movement & Mountain Building:
Earth between static and movement – Earth crust and its major classification – Areas
of Shields and continents – Origin of earth movements – Continental drift theory –
Sea Floor Spreading theory– Plate tectonic theory.
5-7- Reflection:
The teacher must utilized the physical features which could be seen by students
around their schools or city by doing short field trips, and asking the students to
watch scientific reports on TV or the internet.
5-8- Extension:
- http://geology.com
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology
- http://geology.about.com
- www.thefreedictionary.com/geology
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