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Table 1. New Terminology for Brainstem Cell Groups Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Nucleus intermedius of the medulla Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation IM Latin Name Adopted by Forum Nucleus nervi hypoglossi - the twelfth cranial nerve nucleus Locus ceruleus caudal part nXII Nucleus supraspinalis SSp Caudal LoC Locus ceruleus LoC Locus ceruleus or A6 LoC or A6 Locus ceruleus rostral part Rostral LoC None None A8 A8 Nucleus tegmentipedunculopontinus, pars compacta, except lateral edge TPc, except for lateral edge Substantia nigra, pars compacta SNc Substantia nigra, pars compacta or A9 SNc or A9 SNr Substantia nigra, pars reticulata SNr AVT Ventral tegmental area or A10 VTA or A10 Nucleus nervi hypoglossi Lateral edge of nucleus Lateral part of TPc and Substantia nigra, pars tegmentia small region lateral reticulata pedunculopontinus, to it pars compacta, plus small area lateral to TPc Area ventralis (Tsai) AVT Area ventralis tegmenti ` Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum nXII English Name Adopted by Forum Hypoglossal nucleus the twelfth cranial nerve nucleus Supraspinal nucleus Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum nXII SSp Comments References Pertinent to the New Name This error in the Karten and Hodos atlas has long been known This error in the Karten and Hodos atlas has long been known Nottebohm et al., 1976 Wild & Zeigler, 1980 Wild, 1981 Wild, 1981 Eden & Correia, 1982 Zijlstra & Dubbeldam, 1994 Noradrenergic neurons of A6 as defined by Dahlström & Fuxe, 1984 Dopaminergic neurons of A8 as defined by Dahlström & Fuxe, 1984 Dopaminergic neurons of A9 as defined by Dahlström & Fuxe, 1984 Kitt & Brauth, 1986a Bailhache & Balthazart, 1993 Reiner et al., 1994 Von Bartheld & Bothwell, 1992 Von Bartheld & Bothwell, 1992 Reiner et al., 1994 Puelles and Medina, 1994 Smeets and Reiner, 1994 Lewis et al., 1981;Kitt & Brauth, 1986b Bailhache & Balthazart, 1993 Reiner et al., 1994 Puelles and Medina, 1994 Smeets and Reiner, 1994 Veenman & Reiner, 1994 Reiner et al., 1998 Medina & Reiner, 1997 Previously called substantia nigra, pars lateralis in birds, but switching to SNr indicates homology to mammal SNr Dopaminergic neurons of A10 as defined by Dahlström & Fuxe, 1984 Partly identified as nucleus profundus mesencephali pars ventralis Partly identified as MPv Nucleus pedunculopontinus tegmenti PPT Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus PPT Cholinergic cell group of isthmic region; English term commonly used Region medial to ansa lenticularis identified as anterior nucleus of ansa lenticularis in Karten & Dubbeldam (1973) ALa Nucleus subthalamicus STN Subthalamic nucleus STN English term more commonly used for mammals Lewis, et al., 1981; Bailhache & Balthazart, 1993 Reiner et al., 1994 Puelles & Medina, 1994 Smeets & Reiner, 1994 Medina & Reiner, 1994 Woolf, 1991 Reiner et al., 1998 Jiao et al., 2000 Table 2. New Terminology for Subpallial Cell Groups Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Lobus parolfactorius Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation LPO Latin Name Adopted by Forum English Name Adopted by Forum Striatum mediale Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum StM Medial striatum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum MSt Area X within male songbird LPO first named by Nottebohm et al., 1976 Comments References Pertinent to the New Name English term more commonly used than Latin term Continued use of the entrenched term Area X recommended by Forum Reiner et al., 1998 Puelles et al., 2000 X Area X X Area X X Vocal control region in parrot LPO termed magnocellular nucleus of LPO Paleostriatum augmentatum LPOm Striatum mediale, pars magnocellularis StMm Magnocellular part of medial striatum MStm Comparable to area X, but independently evolved Ball, 1994 Striedter, 1994 Durand et al., 1997 PA Striatum laterale StL Lateral striatum LSt English term more commonly used than Latin term Reiner et al., 1998 Puelles et al., 2000 Paleostriatum primitivum PP Globus pallidus GP Globus pallidus GP Nucleus intrapeduncularis INP Nucleus intrapeduncularis INP Intrapeduncular nucleus INP Use of globus pallidus for birds emphasizes homology to mammalian GP Subpallial region unique to birds and has largely striatal traits Karten & Dubbeldam, 1973 Medina and Reiner, 1997 Reiner et al., 1998 Puelles et al., 2000 Karten & Dubbeldam, 1973 Reiner et al., 1984 Reiner et al., 1998b Ventromedial part of rostral lobus parolfactorius no abbreviation since not recognized as a distinct region Nucleus accumbens (ventromedial rostral LPO) Ac Nucleus accumbens (ventromedial rostral LPO) Ac Precise borders remain undefined Tuberculum olfactorium TO Tuberculum olfactorium TuO Olfactory tubercle OTu Unnamed circumscribed region between LPO and quintofrontal tract No abbreviation since no name assigned for GABAergic neurons in MFB (FPM)1 Pallidum ventrale PVt Ventral pallidum VP Homologous to structure of same name in mammals Large scattered GABAergic neurons in MFB (FPM)1 homologous to mammalian cell group of same name Reiner et al., 1983 Berk, 1987 Veenman et al., 1995 Mezey and Csillag, 2002 Reiner & Karten, 1985 Reiner et al., 1998 Roberts et al., 2002 Brauth et al., 1978 Reiner et al., 1984 Veenman & Reiner, 1994 Medina and Reiner, 1997 Nottebohm et al., 1976 Bottjer et al., 1989 Table 2. Continued Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation Latin Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum English Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum Comments References Pertinent to the New Name Nucleus accumbens Ac Nucleus striae terminalis lateralis NSTL Lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis BSTL Erroneously identified as nucleus accumbens in Karten and Hodos Berk, 1987 Reiner et al., 1994 Aste et al., 1998 Unnamed region around the lateral edge of the anterior commissure No name assigned in Karten & Hodos (1967) Nucleus striae terminalis medialis NSTM Medial part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis BSTM Aste et al., 1998 Jurkevic et al., 1999 Region encompassing FPL and unnamed circumscribed region between LPO and QF No name assigned in Karten & Hodos (1967) for cholinergic neurons in LFB2 & MFB1 FDB Nucleus basalis magnocellularis NBM Basal magnocellular cholinergic nucleus NBM Nucleus diagonalis Brocae NDB Nucleus of the diagonal band NDB Homology to mammalian cell group of same name supported by neurochemical, hodological and functional similarity Large cholinergic neurons scattered in LFB2 & MFB1; overlaps Ventral pallidum Cholinergic neurons in and around FDB Region of fasciculus of diagonal band 1 2 Nucleus septalis medialis SM Nucleus septalis medialis SM Medial septal nucleus SM Nucleus septalis lateralis SL Nucleus septalis lateralis SL Lateral septal nucleus SL MFB (FPM) – Medial forebrain bundle (fasciculus prosencephali medialis) LFB (FPL) – Lateral forebrain bundle (fasciculus prosencephali lateralis) Mesulam et al., 1984 Woolf, 1991 Medina & Reiner, 1994 Mesulam et al., 1984 Woolf, 1991 Medina & Reiner, 1994 Mesulam et al., 1984 Woolf, 1991 Medina & Reiner, 1994 Reiner et al., 1994 Smeets & Reiner, 1994 Table 3. New Terminology for Hyperstriatum Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation Latin Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum English Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum Comments References Pertinent to the New Name Latin abbreviation and term are more consistent with prior use for this structure The term interstitial more aptly describes this region than does the term intercalated Superior in name not appropriate Dorsale in name no longer apt since the region termed HV now called mesopallium Karten et al., 1973 Medina & Reiner, 2000 Wild & Williams, 2000 Wulst and Wulst Subdivisions Hyperstriatum accessorium HA Hyperpallium apicale HA Apical part of the hyperpallium HA Nucleus intercalatus hyperstriatum accessorium in Karten et al. (JCN1973) Hyperstriatum intercalatus superior Hyperstriatum dorsale IHA Nucleus interstitialis hyperpallii apicale IHA Interstitial part of the hyperpallium apicale IHA HIS Hyperpallium intercalatum Hyperpallium densocellulare HI Intercalated part of the hyperpallium Densocellular part of the hyperpallium HI HD HD HD Karten et al., 1973 Medina & Reiner, 2000 Karten et al., 1973 Karten et al., 1973 Hyperstriatum Ventrale Hyperstriatum ventrale HV Mesopallium M Mesopallium M Rehkämper et al., 1984 Hyperstriatum ventrale dorso-ventrale Hyperstriatum ventrale ventro-ventrale HVdv Mesopallium dorsale MD Dorsal mesopallium MD HVvv Mesopallium ventrale MV Ventral mesopallium MV Wächtler, 1985 Csillag et al., 1990 Wächtler, 1985 Csillag et al., 1990 Oval nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale HVo Mesopallium ovale MO Oval nucleus of mesopallium MO Caudal medial hyperstriatum ventrale CMHV Mesopallium caudomediale CMM Caudomedial mesopallium CMM Intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale IMHV Mesopallium intermediomediale IMM Intermediate medial mesopallium IMM Recommend motor nucleus of trigeminus be abbreviated MNV to prevent conflict with abbreviation for ventral mesopallium Part of parrot vocal control circuit Part of auditory circuit studied in several species of vocal learners Involved in filial imprinting in chicks Striedter, 1994 Durand et al., 1997 Jarvis et al., 1998 Vates et al., 1996 Jarvis et al., 2000 Horn, 1981 Rose and Csillag, 1985 Patel et al., 1988 Csillag et al., 1990. Table 4. New Terminology for Neostriatum Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation Latin Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum English Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum Comments References Pertinent to the New Name Nidopallium Nidopallium frontale Nidopallium intermedium Nidopallium caudale Nidopallium caudolaterale N NF NI Nidopallium Frontal nidopallium Intermediate nidopallium Caudal nidopallium Caudolateral nidopallium N NF NI Abbreviation retained Abbreviation retained Abbreviation retained NC NCL Abbreviation retained Abbreviation retained E Abbreviation retained Benowitz & Karten, 1976 Bas Changed name to avoid confusion with cholinergic basal forebrain cell group Wild et al., 1985 Wild and Farabaugh, 1996 Dubbeldam and Visser, 1987 Wild et al., 1997 Wild et al., 2001 Witkovsky et al., 1973 Karten, 1968 Bonke, 1979a,b Neostriatum and Subdivisions Neostriatum Neostriatum frontale Neostriatum intermedium Neostriatum caudale Neostriatum caudolaterale defined by work of Divac and Güntürkün Ectostriatum N NF NI NC NCL E Nucleus entopalliallis or entopallium E Nucleus basalis Bas Nucleus basorostralis pallii Bas Field L identified as auditory area by Karten (1968) Nidopallial area mistakenly called caudal nucleus of hyperstriatum ventrale by Nottebohm et al., 1976 Lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum Medial magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum L Area L pallii L Field L L No change recommended HVc HVC None HVC None LMAN Nucleus lateralis magnocellularis nidopallii anterioris Nucleus medialis magnocellularis nidopallii anterioris LMAN Lateral magnocellular nucleus of anterior nidopallium Medial magnocellular nucleus of anterior nidopallium LMAN No easy solution for correcting original naming error for this structure; thus, HVC recommended as formal name Abbreviation retained, but capitalize L for clarity Abbreviation retained but capitalize M for consistency MMAN NC NCL MMAN The entopallial nucleus or the entopallium The basorostral pallial nucleus MMAN Mogenson & Divac, 1982 Reiner, 1986 Güntürkün, 1997 Nottebohm et al., 1976 Fortune & Margoliash, 1995 Brenowitz et al., 1997 Nottebohm et al., 1976 Bottjer et al., 1989 Nottebohm et al., 1976 Bottjer et al., 1989 Table 4. Continued Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Nucleus interface of the neostriatum Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation NIf Latin Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum NIf English Name Adopted by Forum Caudomedial neostriatum NCM Nidopallium caudomediale NCM Caudal medial nidopallium NCM Oval nucleus of the anterior neostriatum in parrots NAo Nucleus ovalis nidopallii anterioris NAO Oval nucleus of the anterior nidopallium NAO Abbreviation retained, but capitalize O for consistency Medial oval nucleus of the anterior neostriatum in parrots NAom Nucleus ovalis nidopallii anterioris, pars medialis NAOM Medial oval nucleus of the anterior nidopallium NAOM Abbreviation retained but capitalize OM for consistency Central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum in parrots NLc Nucleus centralis nidopallii lateralis NLC Central nucleus of the lateral nidopallium NLC Abbreviation retained, but capitalize C for consistency Nucleus interfacialis nidopallialis Nucleus interface of the nidopallium Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum NIf Comments References Pertinent to the New Name Abbreviation retained, but capitalize I for consistency Abbreviation retained Nottebohm et al., 1982 Nordeen & Nordeen, 1997 Margoliash, 1997 Vates et al., 1996 Margoliash, 1997 Jarvis et al., 2000 Brauth & McHale, 1988 Striedter, 1994 Durand et al., 1997 Jarvis and Mello, 2000 Brauth & McHale, 1988 Striedter, 1994 Durand et al., 1997 Jarvis and Mello, 2000 Brauth & McHale, 1988 Striedter, 1994 Durand et al., 1997 Jarvis and Mello, 2000 Table 5. New Terminology for the Archistriatum Structure & KartenKarten-Hodos Latin Name Adopted Abbreviation for Hodos (or other) (or other) by Forum Latin Name Adopted Term for Structure Abbreviation by Forum ARCHISTRIATUM AND SUBDIVISIONS -> ARCOPALLIUM AND SUBDIVISIONS Archistriatum A Arcopallium A English Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum Comments Arcopallium A Nucleus archistriatalis anterior Archistriatum, pars dorsalis (archistriatum intermedium, pars dorsalis in Zeier & Karten, 1971) Upper part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis (archistriatum intermedium in Zeier & Karten, 1971) Medial part of Archistriatum, pars ventralis (archistriatum mediale in Zeier & Karten, 1971) Distinctness and extensibility of abbreviation enhanced by lower case "r" Abbreviation retained References Pertinent to the New Name AA Arcopallium anterius AA Anterior arcopallium AA Ad in Karten and Hodos, but Aid in Zeier and Karten (1971) Arcopallium dorsale AD Dorsal arcopallium AD Delete intermediate from name to simplify Zeier & Karten, 1971 Wächtler, 1985 Reiner et al., 1994 Upper part of Av in Karten and Hodos, but Archistriatum intermedium (Ai) in Zeier and Karten, 1971 Termed archistriatum mediale (Am) in Zeier and Karten (1971) Arcopallium intermedium AI Intermediate arcopallium AI Limit the word intermediate to this subdivision to simplify Zeier & Karten, 1971 Arcopallium mediale AM Medial arcopallium AM Zeier & Karten, 1971 Davies et al., 1997 RA Robust nucleus of arcopallium RA Needs to be determined if this region can be subdivided into separate limbic and somatic territories Abbreviation retained AAC Central nucleus of anterior arcopallium AAC Abbreviation retained Brauth & McHale, 1988 Durand et al., 1997 PoA Posterior nucleus of the pallial amygdala PoA Abbreviations for amygdaloid nuclei similar in form to emphasize shared amygdaloid nature Add amygdala to name to emphasize amygdaloid nature Homologous to at least sublenticular part of extended amygdala in mammals Zeier & Karten, 1971 Berk & Hawkin, 1985 Davies et al., 1997 Dubbeldam et al., 1997 Lanuza et al., 2000 Cheng et al., 1999 Cobos et al., 2001a Absil et al., 2002 Wild et al., 1990 Molnar et al., 1994 Reiner et al., 1994 Atoji et al., 1996 Robust nucleus of RA Nucleus robustus archistriatum in male arcopallialis songbirds Central nucleus of AAc Nucleus centralis anterior archistriatum arcopallii anterioris in parrots ARCHISTRIATUM SUBDIVISIONS -> AMYGDALA SUBDIVISIONS Ventral part of Archistriatum posterior Nucleus posterior Archistriatum, pars (Ap) in Zeier and amygdalopallialis ventralis plus caudal Karten (1971) part of Archistriatum Nucleus taeniae Tn Nucleus taeniae amygdalae TnA Nucleus taeniae of the amygdala TnA Region below paleostriatum primitivum posterior to anterior commissure Identified as ventral part of paleostriatum augmentatum, PA Area subpallialis amygdalae SpA Subpallial amygdaloid area SpA Nottebohm et al., 1976 Bottjer et al., 1989 Table 6. Terminology for Other Pallial Structures Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation Latin Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum English Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum Comments References Pertinent to the Structure Area parahippocampalis (no change) Hippocampus (no change) Cortex piriformis (no change) APH Area parahippocampalis (no change) Hippocampus (no change) Cortex piriformis (no change) APH No change in term needed Erichsen et al., 1991 Krebs et al., 1991 Hp No change in term needed No change in term needed Erichsen et al., 1991 Krebs et al., 1991 Reiner & Karten, 1985 Hippocampal and Corticoid Areas Area parahippocampalis APH Hippocampus Hp Cortex piriformis CPi Area corticoidea dorsolateralis CDL Area corticoidea dorsolateralis (no change) CDL Area corticoidea dorsolateralis (no change) CDL No change in term needed Redies et al.., 2001 Area temporo-parietooccipitalis TPO Area temporo-parietooccipitalis (no change) TPO Area temporo-parietooccipitalis (no change) TPO Ill-defined region, but no change in term needed Brauth et al., 1978 Mogensen & Divac, 1982 Hp CPi CPi Table 7. New Terminology for Telencephalic Fiber Tracts and Intratelencephalic Boundaries Structure & KartenHodos (or other) Term for Structure Karten-Hodos (or other) Abbreviation Latin Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for Latin Name Adopted by Forum English Name Adopted by Forum Abbreviation for English Name Adopted by Forum Comments References Pertinent to the New Name Intratelencephalic Lamina and Boundaries Lamina medullaris dorsalis LMD Lamina palliosubpallialis LPS Pallial-subpallial lamina PSL Change to a clear descriptive name Puelles et al., 2000 Lamina archistriatalis Dorsalis in Zeier and Karten, 1971 Lamina hyperstriatica LAD Lamina arcopallialis dorsalis LAD Dorsal arcopallial lamina LAD Abbreviation retained if Latin used Zeier & Karten, 1971 Kuenzel & Masson, 1988 LH Lamina mesopallialis LaM Mesopallial lamina LaM Lamina frontalis superior Lamina frontalis suprema LFS Lamina frontalis superior Lamina frontalis suprema LFS Superior frontal lamina Supreme frontal lamina SFL Change needed since region above lamina now the mesopallium No reason to change MFL No reason to change LFM LFM Telencephalic Fiber Tracts Tractus thalamostriaticus TTS Tractus thalamopallialis TTP Thalamopallial tract TTP Tractus archistriatalis dorsalis Tractus frontoarchistriatalis Tractus septomesencephalicus DA Tractus dorsoarcopallialis Tractus frontoarcopallialis Tractus septopalliomesencephalicus DA Dorsal arcopallial tract DA Changed because pallial structures are targets of tract Abbreviation retained FA Fronto-arcopallial tract FA Abbreviation retained TSM Septopalliomesencephalic tract TSM Karten et al., 1973 Reiner & Karten, 1983 Wild & Williams, 2000 OM Occipitomesencephalic tract Hypothalamic part of occipitomesencephalic tract OM Not of purely septal origin; abbreviation retained with Latin term No reason to change HOM No reason to change Zeier & Karten, 1971 Tractus occipitomesencephalicus Tractus occipitomesencephalicus, pars hypothalami in Zeier and Karten, 1971 FA TSM OM HOM Tractus occipitomesencephalicus Tractus occipitomesencephalicus, pars hypothalamica HOM Karten & Hodos, 1970 Karten et al., 1973 Gamlin & Cohen, 1986 Zeier & Karten, 1971
