Germany
Spain
France
Italy
Netherlands
United
Kingdom


2000
15.9
16.6
15.9
17.8
13.6
15.6
Table 1.1
Projection of the ageing population rate
2010
2020
2030
19.3
20.9
25.2
17.6
19.6
23.6
16.8
20.5
24.5
20.1
22.7
26.3
15.2
19.3
23.2
16.4
19.3
23
Population older than 65 as a percentage of total population.
Population older than 60 as a percentage of total population.
Source: European Commission (2000) page 5. Eurostat Projections.
2040
28.3
28.7
26.5
30.9
25.6
25.7
2050
27.7
31.5
26.8
31.3
24.4
25.4
Table 1.2
Spanish projection of population and dependency rates (thousands people and percentage) (a)
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Total Population
39941
40158
40406
40476
40292
39913
39429
38893
38240
37391
36324
Population between 0-15 years old.
6386
6147
6271
6495
6498
6190
5840
5681
5692
5730
5653
Population between 16-64 years old.
26837
26976
26763
26160
25596
24913
23976
22756
21326
19943
19179
Population of 65 and older.
6718
7035
7372
7822
8198
8809
9613
10456
11223
11718
11492
Dependency rates of younger (b)
23.80
22.79
23.43
24.83
25.39
24.85
24.36
24.97
26.69
28.73
29.48
Dependency rates of older (c)
25.03
26.08
27.55
29.90
32.03
35.36
40.10
45.95
52.62
58.76
59.92
Demographic dependency rate (d)
48.83
48.86
50.98
54.73
57.42
60.21
64.45
70.91
79.31
87.49
89.40
Age average between 16-64
37.9
39.09
40.29
41.35
42.24
42.57
42.52
42.26
41.73
40.96
40.5
Source: FEDEA
(a) Projection provided by Juan A, Fernández Cordón in Mach, 2000, Instituto de Economía y Geografía (IEG) del CSIC. Population accounted at 12/31.
(b) Population between 0-15 as a percentage of population in working age.
(c) Population of 65 and older as a percentage of population in working age.
(d) Population between 0-15 and 65 and older as a percentage of population in working age.
Figure 1.1. Projection V1 (thousand people and percentage)
Employed Population
Employment rate
16000
90.00
14000
80.00
12000
70.00
10000
60.00
8000
Male
Female
Total
Male
Unemployed Population
Female
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2000
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
30.00
2004
40.00
2000
2000
4000
2004
50.00
6000
Total
Unemployment rate.
Male
Female
Male
Total
Active Population
Female
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2000
500
2020
1000
2016
1500
2012
2000
2008
2500
2004
3000
2000
25.00
23.00
21.00
19.00
17.00
15.00
13.00
11.00
9.00
7.00
Total
Participation rate.
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2000
4000
2024
6000
2020
8000
2016
10000
2012
12000
2008
14000
2004
16000
2000
85.00
80.00
75.00
70.00
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
18000
Figure 2.1.A Men Qualification Composition in Working age.
Without education
Primary
Secondary
2047
2042
2037
2032
2022
2017
2012
2007
2002
1997
Projection
1992
1987
1982
1977
Historic
2027
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Tertiary
Figure 2.1.B Women Qualification Composition in Working age
Without education
Primary
Secondary
2047
2042
2037
2032
2022
2017
2012
2007
2002
1997
Projection
1992
1987
1982
1977
Historic
2027
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Tertiary
Figure 2.1.C Total population Qualification Composition in Working age.
Without education
Primary
Secondary
2047
2042
2037
2027
2022
2017
2012
2007
2002
1997
Projection
1992
1987
1982
1977
Historic
2032
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Tertiary
Figure 2.2. Projection V2 (thousand people and percentage)
Employed population
Employment rate
18000
100.00
16000
90.00
14000
80.00
12000
70.00
10000
Male
Female
Male
Total
Unemployed population
Female
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2000
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
30.00
2008
40.00
2000
2004
50.00
4000
2000
6000
2004
60.00
8000
Total
Unemployment rate
Male
Female
Total
Male
Active Population
Female
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2000
500
2016
1000
2012
1500
2008
2000
2004
2500
2000
25.00
23.00
21.00
19.00
17.00
15.00
13.00
11.00
9.00
7.00
3000
Total
Participation Rate
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
2048
2044
2040
2036
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2000
4000
2032
6000
2028
8000
2024
10000
2020
12000
2016
14000
2012
16000
2008
18000
2004
20000
2000
85.00
80.00
75.00
70.00
65.00
60.00
55.00
50.00
45.00
40.00
Table 3.1
Variation of male participation rate by achieved studies level.
Without
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
education
education
education
education
16-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-70
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
-50.6
12.1
-11.1
-8.7
-9.5
-4.5
-5.1
-7.0
-15.0
-31.8
-25.2
-4.04
-0.27
-0.66
-0.61
-0.85
-0.09
-0.14
-0.09
0.15
-0.44
-0.06
-9.7
24.6
-2.3
-3.3
-2.2
-3.0
-6.7
-5.9
-10.0
-33.1
-38.0
-0.52
0.20
0.03
0.00
0.04
-0.42
-0.47
-0.60
-0.91
-1.04
-0.37
-2.15
11.55
3.13
1.63
-1.87
-2.20
-3.70
-5.21
-18.93
-33.72
-32.35
0.55
-0.32
-0.39
0.23
0.03
-0.26
-0.25
0.15
-0.97
-0.42
-0.86
-28.75
-20.71
-12.79
0.28
0.21
-1.69
-0.59
-4.18
-6.50
-27.79
-37.17
4.62
1.09
-0.69
0.04
0.12
-0.26
0.00
-0.27
1.42
-2.99
1.13
Variation of female participation rate by achieved studies level.
Without
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
education
education
education
education
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
Total of
the period.
77-99
Average
of period
94-99
Total of
the period.
77-99
16-19
-35.3
-4.46
-14.2
-0.67
-2.0
-0.18
-50.0
20-24
12.3
0.14
4.8
0.05
6.2
-0.68
-21.7
25-29
23.9
0.24
17.4
1.09
21.9
0.01
11.0
30-34
23.7
0.34
22.5
0.15
34.5
1.21
16.7
35-39
22.7
0.07
25.3
0.21
25.5
-0.20
26.7
40-44
18.7
0.74
28.6
0.30
26.1
0.50
26.1
45-49
11.7
0.82
15.4
0.57
27.2
0.93
20.4
50-54
5.6
0.61
12.3
0.53
19.5
0.59
24.0
55-59
0.3
0.52
5.9
-0.03
10.6
2.17
7.1
60-64
-5.8
-0.03
-12.0
-1.21
-0.7
-0.24
-33.8
65-70
-7.9
-0.19
-13.9
0.58
-14.4
0.61
-21.0

Annual growth average (1994-1999).
Source: Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA). Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
Average
of period
94-99
-0.67
0.91
0.33
-0.45
-0.36
0.22
0.79
2.50
0.56
-4.02
-0.35
Table 3.2
Participation rate, year 1999
Without education
16-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-70
Male
36.26
85.21
86.53
88.83
88.03
91.96
90.36
85.30
71.18
37.47
3.76
Female
28.74
65.38
52.53
47.79
48.15
45.86
38.81
31.40
23.84
13.85
2.15
Primary education
Male
30.67
89.38
96.03
96.07
96.70
94.66
93.34
90.84
77.63
42.18
4.26
Female
23.68
79.05
71.48
57.08
56.50
56.98
51.51
40.17
25.79
14.76
5.85
Secondary education
Male
17.37
46.49
87.80
97.46
97.54
96.60
94.79
92.56
75.87
41.72
6.45
Female
14.08
44.63
78.26
75.68
70.19
69.44
67.39
55.92
47.61
26.07
6.69
Tertiary education
Male
34.88
42.55
78.03
97.04
98.49
97.78
98.48
95.12
87.93
53.64
28.62
Female
30.00
56.75
83.08
88.03
88.41
87.96
86.75
81.64
69.41
36.57
6.84
Source: Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA). Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
Figure 3.1. Male participation rate-age profile (in percentage)
100,0
90,0
80,0
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
16-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-70
Without education
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Figure 3.2 Female participation rate-age profile (in percentage)
100,0
90,0
80,0
70,0
60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
0,0
16-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-70
Without education
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Table 3.3
Participation rate by educational attainment
Lower than
Secondary
Tertiary Education
Secondary.
Education
Male
Female
Male
Spain
82
39
Sweden
80
67
Germany
77
46
UK
68
52
France
77
57
Portugal
90
69
Italy
74
33
Eire
81
38
USA
75
50
G7
77
50
OECD
78
51

Age from 25 to 64.
Source: OECD(2000) page 269.
Female
91
89
84
88
89
87
86
92
88
89
89
Male
68
83
69
76
76
80
64
63
73
70
69
92
93
88
93
91
96
91
95
94
93
93
Female
85
92
83
87
83
93
81
80
82
80
83
Total
Male
86
87
85
86
85
90
80
87
88
82
87
Female
51
81
66
73
69
72
47
55
73
64
64
Table 3.4
Calibrated Participation Rate (in percentage)
Without
education*
Male
Primary education
Female Male
Secondary
education
Female Male
Tertiary education
Female Male
Female Male
Total
Female
Objective
70
45
88
63
89
70
93
80
82
64
25-64
Result
70
45
88
63
89
70
90
84
81
60
25-64
Result
69
45
77
57
71
56
85
80
74
55
16-64
*
The objectives of participation rate in ages 25 to 64 corresponding to “without education” and “Primary education”
attainment levels, reproduce the rates of “lower than secondary “ of the G7 group in Table 2.2.
Source: Encuesta de Población Activa (EPA). Instituto Nacional de Estadística and author’s calculations
Figure 3.3: Age Participation rates Profiles, 1998
SPAIN
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
IRLAND
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
female
45-54
55-59
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
female
45-54
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
female
55-59
60-64
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
female
20-24
55-59
60-64
15-19
20-24
male
25-34
25-34
35-44
35-44
female
55-59
60-64
55-64
45-54
55-59
60-64
55-59
60-64
55-59
60-64
male
45-54
male
G7
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
male
45-54
female
GERMANY
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
45-54
35-44
female
USA
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15-19
male
45-54
25-34
ITALY
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
UK
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
20-24
male
FRANCE
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
15-19
60-64
male
15-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
female
Source: “Labour Force Statistics 1978-1998”. OECD(1999) and author’s calculation.
45-54
male
Figure 3.4
A) Female Objective Participation rate-Age Profile
1,000
0,900
0,800
0,700
0,600
0,500
0,400
0,300
0,200
0,100
0,000
16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70
without education
primary
secondary
tertiary
B) Male Objective Participation rate-Age Profile.
1,000
0,900
0,800
0,700
0,600
0,500
0,400
0,300
0,200
0,100
0,000
16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70
without education
primary
secondary
tertiary
Table 3.5
Okun’s Law, Males
Without education
Age
16-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
̂
-1.68*
(-3.8)
-0.89*
(-2.89)
-0.55*
(-2.75)
-0.48*
(-2.73)
-0.46*
(-2.96)
R2
0.41
0.27
0.24
0.25
0.28
Primary education
̂
-1.76*
(-3.76)
-0.84*
(-3.22)
-0.37**
(-1.88)
-0.23
(-1.03)
-0.19
(-0.56)
Secondary education
̂
R2
0.41
R2
0.44
-1.73*
(-4.01)
-0.76*
(-3.14)
-0.33**
(-1.87)
-0.27**
(-1.78)
-0.51**
(-2.4)
0.32
0.13
0.04
0.00
0.32
0.13
0.12
0.20
Tertiary education
̂
-1.42**
(-2.03)
-0.69*
(-3.78)
-0.16**
(-2.01)
-0.13
(-1.07)
-0.17***
(-1.36)
R2
0.17
0.40
0.15
0.04
0.06
Notes:
1
2
Results estimated with Ordinary Less Square for the equation: Ut=(GDPt-1-GDPpott-1)+t
(t-statistic in brackets).
*, ** and *** denote significant levels to 1%, 5%, 10% and 20 degrees freedom.
Table 3.6
Okun’s Law
Female
Without education
Age
16-24
25-49
50-64
16-24
25-49
50-64
̂
-1.57*
(-4.34)
-0.63*
(-2.69)
-0.29*
(-2.69)
-1.66*
(-4.45)
-0.63*
(-3.48)
-0.43*
(-3.74)
2
R
0.42
0.06
-0.13
0.47
0.31
0.35
Primary education
̂
-1.64*
(-4.65)
-0.88*
(-3.55)
-0.34
(-1.05)
-1.71*
(-4.23)
-0.73*
(-3.7)
-0.20
(-1.18)
Secondary education
̂
2
R
0.50
0.30
0.00
Total
0.47
0.36
0.02
-1.70*
(-4.85)
-0.59**
(-2.37)
0.04
(0.08)
2
R
0.53
0.11
-0.01
-1.72*
(-5.18)
-0.57*
(-2.97)
-0.26***
(-1.59)
Notes:
1
2
Results estimated with Ordinary Less Square for the equation: Ut=(GDPt-1-GDPpott-1)+t
(T-statistic in brackets).
*, ** and *** denote significant levels to 1%, 5%, 10% and 20 degrees freedom.
0.57
0.25
0.07
Tertiary education
̂
-2.03*
(-2.92)
-0.80*
(-4.86)
-0.11
(-0.92)
-1.83*
(-2.93)
-0.59*
(-6.05)
-0.13***
(-1.38)
R2
0.29
0.51
0.00
0.29
0.62
0.03
Figure 3.5: Okun’s Law coefficient stability.
A) Males
Primary education
Secondary education
Without education
-0.5
0.0
0.0
-1.0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.0
-1.5
-1.5
-2.0
-2.0
-2.5
-2.5
-3.0
-3.0
-3.5
-3.5
Tertiary education
4
2
-1.5
0
-2.0
Age 16-24
-2
-2.5
-3.0
-3.5
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
-4
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
-6
82
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
0.2
1.5
0.8
0.4
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.4
-0.2
-0.8
-0.4
-0.2
84
± 2 S.E.
96
98
± 2 S.E.
0.5
-0.4
0.0
Age 35-44
-0.6
-0.5
-0.8
-1.0
-1.0
-1.2
-1.5
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
-1.2
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
0.4
96
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
-0.6
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
0.8
1.0
96
98
± 2 S.E.
0.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
-0.2
0.0
-0.4
Age 55-64
84
Recursive C(1) Estimates
1.5
0.2
82
98
± 2 S.E.
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.5
-0.8
-1.2
-1.5
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
-0.4
-0.8
-1.0
-1.0
-1.2
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
-0.6
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
82
0.0
-0.5
-0.5
-1.0
-1.0
-1.5
-1.5
-2.0
-2.0
-2.5
-2.5
-3.0
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
B) Females
Primary education
Secondary education
Without education
84
± 2 S.E.
96
98
± 2 S.E.
Tertiary education
0
2
-1
0
-2
-2
-3
-4
Age 16-24
-3.0
-3.5
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
0.5
96
98
84
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
0.0
96
98
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
-1.4
-2.0
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
0.2
96
98
-1.6
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
96
98
82
84
± 2 S.E.
86
88
90
92
94
Recursive C(1) Estimates
2
1.5
96
98
± 2 S.E.
0.4
1.0
0.0
98
-1.0
-1.5
-2.5
90
96
± 2 S.E.
-1.2
-2.0
88
94
-0.8
-1.0
86
92
-0.6
-0.5
84
90
0.0
-1.5
82
88
-0.4
-0.5
-1.5
86
-0.2
0.5
0.0
-1.0
84
Recursive C(1) Estimates
-1.0
Age 25-49
-6
82
± 2 S.E.
1.0
-0.5
0.0
-4
82
± 2 S.E.
0.2
1
0.5
0.0
-0.2
0.0
Age 50-64
-0.2
0
-0.4
-0.5
-0.4
-1
-0.6
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-1.5
82
84
86
88
90
92
Recursive C(1) Estimates
94
96
± 2 S.E.
98
82
84
86
88
90
92
Recursive C(1) Estimates
94
96
± 2 S.E.
98
-2
82
-0.8
84
86
88
90
92
Recursive C(1) Estimates
94
96
± 2 S.E.
98
82
84
86
88
90
92
Recursive C(1) Estimates
94
96
± 2 S.E.
98
2050
2047
2044
2041
2038
2035
2032
2029
2026
2023
2020
2017
2014
2011
2008
2005
2002
Figure 3.6: Macroeconomic Scenario. (In growth rates)
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
GDP
Potential GDP
GDP per capita
Productivity
Figure 3.7. Projection V3 (thousand people and percentage)
Employed Population
Employed rate
18000
105.00
16000
95.00
14000
85.00
12000
75.00
10000
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
Male
Total
Active population
Total
Female
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2004
2000
2048
2044
0.00
2040
0
2036
5.00
2032
500
2028
10.00
2024
1000
2020
15.00
2016
1500
2012
20.00
2008
2000
2004
25.00
2000
Female
Unemployment rate
2500
Female
2012
Male
Total
Unemployed Population
Male
2008
2000
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
Female
2008
Male
2024
2020
2016
2012
35.00
2008
45.00
2000
2004
55.00
4000
2000
6000
2004
65.00
8000
Total
Participation rate.
20000
85.00
18000
80.00
16000
75.00
14000
70.00
12000
65.00
10000
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
Total
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
50.00
2008
4000
2004
55.00
2000
6000
2000
60.00
8000
Figure 4.1: Compared total effects. (thousand people and percentage)
2040
2044
2048
2044
2048
2044
2048
2036
2040
2040
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2000
2048
2044
2040
82.00
2036
84.00
10000
2032
86.00
11000
2028
88.00
12000
2024
90.00
13000
2020
14000
2016
92.00
2012
15000
2008
94.00
2004
96.00
16000
2000
17000
2008
Employed rate
2004
Employed Population
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
Unemployed Population
Unemployment rate.
3000
18.00
16.00
2500
14.00
2000
12.00
1500
10.00
8.00
1000
6.00
500
4.00
0
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2000
2048
2044
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2004
2000
2.00
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
Active population
Participation rate
18500
72.00
17500
70.00
16500
68.00
15500
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
2012
2008
2048
2044
2004
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
2040
2036
2032
2028
2024
2020
2016
60.00
2012
62.00
11500
2008
12500
2004
64.00
2000
13500
2000
66.00
14500
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
Table 4.1: Tax level for labour income in Spain (2001)
More than
Quota
(In Euros)
(In Euros)
0.0
0
3678
662
12873
2869
25134
6339
40460
12040
67433
24178
Source: Ministerio de Hacienda.
Tax rate
for the rest.
0.180
0.240
0.283
0.372
0.450
0.480
Figure 4.2: Wage Curves and labour income tax rates.
Wage Curves males (in Euro)
Labour income tax rates males.
18000
0.350
16000
0.330
14000
0.310
12000
0.290
10000
0.270
8000
0.250
6000
0.230
4000
0.210
2000
0.190
0
0.170
16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70
Without education
Primary
Secondary
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
Tertiary
Without education
Wage Curves females (in Euro).
Secondary
Tertiary
Labour income tax rates females.
40000
0.310
35000
0.290
30000
Primary
0.270
25000
0.250
20000
0.230
15000
0.210
10000
0.190
5000
0.170
0
16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 64 67 70
Sin Estudios
Obligatorios
Secundarios
Teciarios
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
Sin Estudios
Obligatorios
Secundarios
Teciarios
Figure 4.3: Tax revenues of labour incomes.
Comparison of projections.
Percentage difference respect projection V1
Males
Males (in millions of Euro)
650000
45.00
600000
40.00
35.00
550000
30.00
500000
25.00
450000
20.00
15.00
400000
10.00
350000
5.00
300000
Aging (generational accounting)
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
Education
2049
2046
2043
2040
2037
2034
2031
2028
2025
2022
2019
2016
2013
2010
2007
2004
2001
2049
2046
2043
2040
2037
2034
2031
2028
2025
2022
2019
2016
2013
2010
2007
2004
2001
0.00
Labour dynamic and growth
Percentage difference respect projection V1
Females
Females (in millions of Euro)
420000
140.00
370000
120.00
100.00
320000
80.00
270000
60.00
220000
Labour dynamic and growth
2049
2046
2043
2040
2037
2034
2031
2028
2025
2022
2019
2016
Education
Labour dynamic and growth
2049
2046
2043
2040
2037
2034
2031
2028
2025
2022
2019
2016
2013
2010
2007
2004
2049
2046
2043
2040
2037
2034
2031
2028
0.00
2025
10.00
400000
2022
20.00
500000
2019
30.00
600000
2016
40.00
700000
2013
50.00
800000
2010
60.00
900000
2007
70.00
2004
Labour dynamic and growth
Percentage difference respect projection V1
Total
1000000
2001
2013
Education
1100000
Education
2010
Labour dynamic and growth
Total (in millions of Euro)
Aging (generational accounting)
2007
2001
2049
2046
2043
2040
2037
2034
2031
2028
2025
Education
2001
Aging (generational accounting)
2022
2019
2016
2013
2010
2007
2004
0.00
2001
20.00
120000
2004
40.00
170000