CONTINENTAL FORCES, 28 JUNE 17781
Mid-Afternoon
George Washington, Commander-in-Chief
Prepared by Dr. Garry W. Stone, Historian, Monmouth Battlefield State Park, and used with permission
PERRINE HILL
George Washington, Commander-in-Chief
Major-General Arthur St. Clair, Acting Adjutant
Major-General William Alexander, Lord Stirling
Major James Monroe, Adjutant
SCOTT’S DETACHMENT, Part
Battalion of Picked Men
Battalion of Picked Men
ST
1 PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE
1st Pennsylvania
2nd Pennsylvania
7th Pennsylvania
10th Pennsylvania
2ND PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE7
1nd New York
4th Pennsylvania
5th Pennsylvania
11th Pennsylvania
RD
3 PENNSYLVANIA BRIGADE10
3rd Pennsylvania
6th Pennsylvania
9th Pennsylvania
12th Pennsylvania
1
Forward Screen
Brigadier-General Charles Scott
Colonel Joseph Cilley (1st NH)
Colonel Richard Parker (1st VA)2
Brigadier-General Anthony Wayne3 and
Colonel William Irvine (in Wayne’s absence)5
Colonel James Chambers
720 +/(350)
429*4
6
Colonel William Irvine
Colonel?
487*
Colonel Goose Van Schaick
Lt.-Col. William Butler [detached, picked men]
Colonel Francis Johnson8
Colonel Richard Humpton?9
Colonel Oliver Spencer?
438*
Colonel Thomas Craig
Lt.-Col. Josiah Harmar
Colonel Richard Butler [detached, picked men]
Captain ?11
Brigade structure is based on Charles H. Lesser, The Sinews of Independence: Monthly Strength Reports of the
Continental Army. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.
2
Samuel Smith to Adam Hoops, 17 February 1822, Timothy Pickering Papers, David Library of the American
Revolution, film 44.
3
Brigade commanders are taken from John U. Rees, “’What is this you have been about to day?’ The New Jersey
Brigade at the Battle of Monmouth,” on-line at http://revwar75.com/library/rees/monmouth/MonmouthD.htm.
4
Entries marked * are from a brigade-by-brigade field return taken at Manalapan Brigade, 28 June 1778.
Reproduced in William S. Stryker, The Battle of Monmouth (Princeton: Princeton Un. Press, 1927), p. 120.
5
William Irvine to John Davis, 30 June 1778, in Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 2 (1878),
pp. 147-148.
6
At the Manalapan Bridge muster, only 3 colonels were in the brigade. It is not clear whether Henry Bicker (2PA)
or George Nagel (10PA) was absent.
7
“We were in the front Line though not engag’d.” Lt.-Col. Persifor Frazer to his wife, Polly, 30 June 1778, in
General Persifor Frazer: A Memoir Compiled Principally from his own papers (Philadelphia, 1907), p. 182.
8
Apparently present at Monmouth, though subsequently unwell. General Persifor Frazer: A Memoir, p. 185.
9
Probably absent, as the brigade had only two colonels present at Manalapan Brigade.
10
The Manalapan field return lists no colonels and only three lieutenant-colonels present, but a compilation or
transcription error is present as Craig and Spencer are known to have taken part in the battle.
11
Trussell, Pennsylvania Line, p. 137.
Malcolm’s Additional Regiment
Spencer’s Additional Regiment
Lt.-Col. Aaron Burr
Colonel Oliver Spencer
Main Line
LEARNED’S BRIGADE
Colonel John Bailey?
373*
2nd Massachusetts
Colonel John Bailey
8th Massachusetts
Colonel Michael Jackson
th
9 Massachusetts
Colonel James Wesson [detached, picked men]
GLOVER’S BRIGADE
Colonel?12
636*
1st Massachusetts
Colonel Joseph Vose13
4th Massachusetts
Colonel William Shepard
13th Massachusetts
Colonel Edward Wigglesworth
15th Massachusetts
Colonel Timothy Bigelow
HUNTINGTON’S BRIGADE
Brigadier-General Jedediah Huntington
632*
1st & 7th Connecticut
Colonel Heman Swift
2nd & 5th Connecticut
Colonel Philip Burr Bradley
POOR’S BRIGADE
Brigadier-General Enoch Poor
754*
1st New Hampshire
Colonel Joseph Cilley [detached, picked men]
2nd New Hampshire
Colonel Nathaniel Hale
rd
3 New Hampshire
Lt.-Col. Henry Dearborn [detached, picked men]
2nd New York
Colonel Philip VanCortlandt14
th
4 New York
Colonel Henry B. Livingston [det’d, picked men]
ARTILLERY
Brigadier-General Henry Knox
?
10 to 12 guns including Captain Francis Proctor’s Company, 4th Continental Artillery
PERRINE HILL RESERVES
(Shadowed British flanking column, then rested in Perrine Woods)
Major-General Marquis de Lafayette
NORTH CAROLINA BRIGADE
Colonel Thomas Clark
1st North Carolina
Colonel Thomas Clark
2nd North Carolina
Colonel John Patten
ST
1 MARYLAND BRIGADE
Brigadier-General William Smallwood
1st Maryland
Colonel John Hawkins Stone
3rd Maryland
Colonel Mordecai Gist
5th Maryland
Colonel William Richardson
7th Maryland
Colonel John Gunby
Delaware
Colonel David Hall
15
WEEDEN’S BRIGADE
Brigadier-General George Weeden
2nd Virginia
Colonel Christian Febiger
6th Virginia
Colonel John Gibson
10th Virginia
Colonel John Green
14th Virginia
Colonel William Davies
13th Pennsylvania
Colonel Walter Stewart [det’d, picked men]
MAXWELL’S BRIGADE, Part
2nd New Jersey
Colonel Israel Shreve
12
425*
790*
587*
500 +/-
Brigadier-General John Glover was commanding West Point. George Athan Billias, General John Glover and
His Marblehead Mariners (NY: Henry Holt, 1960), p. 161.
13
Ebenezer Wild, 1 MA, Diary: formed on an eminence our artillery in our front; retired into woods during
cannonade.
14
Deposition supporting pension application of John Van Demark, 2NY: in reserve in edge of woods; ordered to
prime & load as enemy advancing (W16557).
15
“Extracts from the Diary of Captain John Nice [13 th PA],” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol.
16 (1892):406.
1st New Jersey (on extreme left)16
Colonel Mathias Ogden
RIGHT FLANK DETACHMENT
(Dispatched to Solomon’s Tavern; then ordered to Comb’s Hill)
Major-General Nathanael Greene
Lt.-Col. David Rhea (2nd NJ), guide
WOODFORD’S BRIGADE
Brigadier-General William Woodford
3rd/7th Virginia
Lt.-Col. Holt Richardson (7 VA)
11th/15th Virginia
Lt.-Col. John Cropper (11 VA)
4 guns
Lt.-Col. Chevalier du Plessis-Mauduit
475* +Art.
& Militia videttes
LEFT FLANK DETACHMENT?
(Harassing British Column north of Spotswood North Brook)17
Unidentified Continental or Militia units
?Unidentified Unit
Maj. James Monroe (AdC Lord Stirling), Lt.-Col. B. Bassett (14th MA) 70+/-18
RIFLE DETACHMENT19
(Richmond Mills)
Colonel Daniel Morgan (11th VA)
Rifle Battalion
Colonel Daniel Morgan
2 North Carolina Light Infantry Companies
Officer and 25 marksmen from each brigade except NC Brigade
Washington’s Life Guards, part20
Captain Caleb Gibbs
& Militia: 1st Monmouth, 2nd Monmouth, 2nd Burlington
(82)
}
}
}
} 600+/217
DRAGOON DETACHMENT21
(Middletown Road at rear of British 2nd Division)
Colonel Stephen Moylan (4th Light Dragoons)
Detachment drawn from 1st, 2nd22, 3rd, and 4th Light Dragoons
PATERSON’S BRIGADE
10th Massachusetts
11th Massachusetts
HEIGHTS OF ENGLISHTOWN
Major-General Freidrich Wilhelm von Steuben
Reserves
Brigadier-General John Paterson
Colonel Thomas Marshall
Colonel Benjamin Tupper
?
485*
David Cooper pension application: positioned on the extreme left behind the 1 st line (John U. Rees, “I Expect to
be Stationed in Jersey . . ..” (MS, 1994), Appendix P, p. 3.
17
Steven Jarvis (Sergeant, Queen’s American Rangers), Autobiography. New York Historical Society,
Miscellaneous Microfilms, roll 17. Copy courtesy Michael S. Adelberg.
18
James Monroe, The Writings of James Monroe (NY: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1898-1903), vol. 1, p. 1.
19
George Washington, General Orders, 22 June 1778.
20
Elijah Fisher’s Diary, pp. 275-292 in Carlos E. Godfrey, The Commander-in-Chief’s Guard (Washington:
Stevenson-Smith, 1904).
21
John T. Hayes, The Saddlebag Almanac, vol. 4, no. 1 (January 1996), pp. 1-29.
22
Research by Charles W. Griswold . His ancestor, Epaphras Thompson claimed he was at Monmouth, and several
officers remained in Pennsylvania after most of the regiment was sent to New York.. Files, MBSP
16
12th Massachusetts
14th Massachusetts
ND
2 MARYLAND BRIGADE
2nd Maryland
4th Maryland
6th Maryland
MUHLENBERG’S BRIGADE
1st, 5th, and 9th Virginia
1st Virginia State
2nd Virginia State
German Battalion
ARTILLERY
Unknown companies
Colonel Samuel Brewer
Colonel Gamaliel Bradford
Colonel?
602*
Lt.-Col. Thomas Woolford
Colonel Josias Carvil Hall
Colonel Otho Holland Williams
Brigadier-General Peter Muhlenberg
711*
Colonel Richard Parker [detached, picked men]
Colonel George Gibson
Colonel Gregory Smith
Lt.-Col. Ludowick Weltner
?
Advance Force Units
(Reforming)
SCOTT’S BRIGADE 23
Colonel William Grayson
Grayson’s Additional Regiment
Colonel William Grayson
Patton’s Additional Regiment
Lt.-Col. John Parke
4th/8th/12th Virginia
Colonel James Wood (12th VA)
th
rd
10 Company, 3 Continental Artillery Captain Thomas Wells
VARNUM’S BRIGADE
Lt.-Col. Jeremeiah Olney (2nd RI)24
1st/2nd Rhode Island
4th/8th Connecticut
Lt.-Col. Giles Russell (4th CT)
th
rd
11 Company, 3 Continental Artillery Capt.-Lieut. John Cumpston25
300- +Art.
300-350 +Art.
SCOTT’S DETACHMENT, Part
Battalion of Picked Men
Battalion of Picked Men
2 companies artillery
720+/- +Art.
Colonel Richard Butler (9th PA)26
Colonel Nathaniel Gist (Gist’s Additional)27
WAYNE’S DETACHMENT
Battalion of Picked Men
Battalion of Picked Men
Battalion of Picked Men
6th Company, 3rd Continental Artillery
1,000 + Art.
Colonel Henry B. Livingston (4th NY)
(380)
Colonel Walter Stewart (13th PA)
Wounded Colonel, captured Lt.-Colonel28
Captain Thomas Seward
MAXWELL’S BRIGADE, Part
3rd New Jersey
4th New Jersey
Brigadier-General William Maxwell
Colonel Elias Dayton
Lt.-Col. David Brearly
23
400+/- +Art.
Apparently operating as two battalions: Lt.-Col. Patton commanding the combined regiments of Grayson and
Patton, while Grayson commanded 4th/8th/12th VA. Why didn’t Wood command his battalion? He was senior to
Grayson and he is not listed as absent in the muster. Was he on temporary assignment or sick?
24
The commander at the beginning of the day, Col. John Durkee (4 th CT), was wounded at Monmouth Courthouse.
25
Lee Papers, III: 140-143, testimony John Cumpston. His commander, Captain David Cook, was shot through the
lungs at the hedgerow (he survived).
26
Samuel Smith to Adam Hoops, 17 February 1822, Timothy Pickering Papers, film 44; printed in Friends of
Monmouth Battlefield, The Battlecry, vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan.-Feb. 2000).
27
Lee Papers, III:63 (Lt.-Col. Meade);
28
The initial commander, Col. James Wesson (9th MA), was wounded at Monmouth Courthouse. His second, Lt.Col. Nathaniel Ramsay (3rd MD) was captured at the Point-of-Woods.
Company, 2nd Continental Artillery
Captain Thomas Randall29
JACKSON’S DETACHMENT30
Colonel Henry Jackson
Jackson’s Additional Continental Regiment
Henley’s Additional Continental Regiment
William Lee’s Additional Continental Regiment
Garry Wheeler Stone
Revised to 1 December 2010
29
30
Joseph Lummis, pension application, National Archives, S41784
Jackson’s, Henley’s, and Lee’s regiments were formally reconstituted as one regiment 22 April 1779.
200