NAME:____________________BLOCK:____DATE:________
DNA and Chromosomal Mutations
______1. A mutation is any mistake or change in the:
A. RNA sequence
B. DNA sequence
C. ribosomes
D. nucleus of a cell
______2. A point mutation is a change in:
A. several bases in mRNA
B. several bases in tRNA
C. a single base pair in DNA
D. several base pairs in DNA
______3. A mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA is
called:
A. a frame shift mutation
B. a point mutation
C. translocation
D. nondisjunction
______4. Chromosomal mutations are especially common in:
A. humans
B. animals
C. bacteria
D. plants
______5. Few chromosome mutations are passed on to the next generation
because:
A. the zygote usually dies
B. the mature organism is sterile
C. the mature organism is often incapable of producing offspring
D. all of the above
______6. When part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different
chromosome, the result is a(n):
A. translocation B. insertion
C. inversion
D. deletion
______7. A segment of DNA that transmits information from parent to offspring
is:
A. chromosome B. chromatid
C. gene
D. RNA
______8. The failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly is
called:
A. translocation B. disjunction
C. nondisjunction
D. deletion
______9. Mutations that occur at random are called:
A. spontaneous mutations
B. nonspontaneous mutations
C. nonrandom mutations
D. environmental mutations
______10. Two copies of each chromosome that are similar in shape, size, and
have similar genetic information is:
A. homologous chromosomes
B. chromosomes
C. nonhomologous chromosomes D. nondisjunction
______11. Mutations in body cells (somatic cells) sometimes result in:
A. new species B. cancer
C. sterile offspring
D. hybrids
______12. Humans have ________ number of chromosomes and ________
pairs of chromosomes.
A. 46, 23
B. 46, 46
C. 23, 46
D. 23, 23
13. The cell processes that copy genetic material and pass it from one
generation to the next are usually accurate. Sometimes mistakes can occur
in the genetic material. What is a mutation? Explain in detail.
14. Consider what might happen if an incorrect amino acid were inserted into a
growing protein chain during translation of the DNA code. It might affect the
synthesis of the entire molecule. What are the 2 types of mutations in DNA
and describe each.
15. Although rare, mutations can occur in the chromosome also. What is a
chromosomal mutation and why are they rare?
16. Describe the 4 types of chromosomal mutations.
17. Which would cause a greater change in a protein: the deletion of one base in
the DNA that coded for it or the deletion of three sequential bases in the DNA
that coded for it? Explain.
18. Many mutations result in changes in protein. Can you give an example of a
mutation in a gene that would result in no changes in the protein for which the
gene coded? Explain.