ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSEHOLDS
REVIEW OF CURRENT ACTIVITIES
This questionnaire examines the availability of statistics on energy consumption
in households in the Member States. It covers surveys / administrative sources
(Part A) as well as modelling activities (Part B), which may be used to make
these statistics available.
In addition to questions on coverage, the questionnaire examines costs, quality
and use made of the collected information.
MEMBER STATE: Germany.
1.
Do you collect data on domestic energy consumption?
1.1
If not, do you plan to start collecting such data?
When?
2.
Yes
No
O
O
O
O
………
If you do collect data on domestic energy consumption, do you use:
 survey(s)
O
O
 administrative sources
O
O
 modelling
O
O
PART A: SURVEYS, ADMINISTRATIVE SOURCES
Part A reviews surveys and administrative sources used at national level. It
examines the availability of typical information normally made available by
such sources (the recommended coverage was used as benchmark), their
quality and associated costs.
3. Please, give the name and a short description of each survey and administrative source
used (include any planned survey, the description of which is already available). Include
information on collected statistics and users at national level. Indicate how this
information is used for policy definition / evaluation. Indicate additional priority user
requirements and associated statistics which should be made available in future data
collections to be carried out in your country.
German Residential Energy Consumption Survey:
Established in 2003, the aim of this study is to estimate the energy consumption of German
private households. A nation-wide survey based on a sample of 10,000 households serves as
starting point to determine the consumption of various fuels for residential purposes and due
to private car-usage. The households were interviewed with respect to their housing
conditions, the characteristics of the respective dwelling, and the equipment with electric
appliances. Using a household location identifier on the municipality level, the household data
were augmented by weather data of the same time interval from the Federal Meteorological
Service to control for temperature, with the final aim of distinguishing between purchase and
consumption of bulk fuels. Thus, the German Residential Energy Consumption survey reports
consumption figures and not just purchases. The sample estimates were extrapolated to derive
consumption figures for the entire population of private households in Germany.
Since renewables gain increasingly importance in the residential sector, the survey was
augmented by telephone surveys among some 80 000 households in 2006 and early 2012.
The collected raw data is going to be made available to researchers in future.
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4. For each survey or administrative source identified in section 3, complete the
following questions, please:
Source: German Residential Energy Consumption Survey………………
Yes
No
(If yes, go to point 1)
O
O
* Is it an administrative source? (If yes, go to point 7)
O
O
* Is it a survey?
1
Is the survey a panel?
O
O
2
Is the survey obligatory?
O
O
3
What is the sample size of the survey?
4
What is the average response rate of the survey?
5
What survey format do you use?
Gross: 10,000 households………..
…~70%………..
Interview
O
CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview)
O
CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) O
Mailed Questionnaire
O
Web Questionnaire
O
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What is the total cost of the survey in Euros?
(2005 survey ~150,000 Euros;
2006 through 2010 ~ 395,000 Euros in total)
…………..
……100%
What part of the total cost is attributed to the energy section?
7
Describe the main purpose of the collection:
8
What is the frequency of the data collection?
9
Since when is such data collected?
.…2 to 3 years..
…in the current way: since 2003…
10
When is the next data collection planned for?
…not yet
determined, households were interviewed in first quarter of 2012 for the years 2009 and 2010
11
Name of the service responsible for the data collection
12
Who are the respondents of this survey?
Energy suppliers
13
O
Importers
O
Traders
Research Institute
O
Households O
For which regional level (NUTS level) are the data significant?
3
…National…
14
Yes
No
O
O
Partly
Type of information collected
a) Housing Stock characteristics
Type of dwelling
Age of the building
(by age category)
Insulation (roof, wall, window)
(If the answer is yes, please specify)
O
O
O
O
O
O
Information about retrofits was collected from homeowners for the years
2006 through 2008
Heated floor area of the dwelling
O
O
O
b) Household characteristics
Number of households
OO
It is a households survey, thus number of households = sample size
Size (number of persons per household)
O
O
Income
O
O
c) Energy Consumption / expenditure by energy commodity type
Type of energy commodities used
O
O
O
Quantities of energy commodities used by type
O
O
O
Expenditure of energy commodities by type
O
O
O
(If any of the answers is "yes" or "partly" please specify commodity types)
Electricity, natural gas and liquefied natural gas, fuel oil, district heating,
wood (logs, chips, pellets, briquettes), coal (hard coal, lignite), solar
heaters, photovoltaics, heat pumps.
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d) Fuel types used for
Space heating
O
O
O
Hot Water
O
O
O
Cooking
O
O
O
(If any of the answers is "yes" or "partly" please specify)
The survey gathers information on the types of fuel and fuel quantities used
for space heating, hot water generation and cooking separately for each
purpose.
e) Space heating system
Type of heating system
O
Age of heating system
O
O
O
O
O
The age of the heating equipment is not surveyed in multi-family homes (a
tenant can hardly give reliable information about this)
f) Availability of electrical appliances
Type/number
O
O
O
(If the answer is "yes" please specify types)
Endowment with appliances was surveyed for 2003 on the full sample. The survey conducted
for 2006 through 2010 used a subsample to collect information on endowment with and use of
appliances. This includes to some extent the consumption intensity, like hours watching TV.
Surveyed appliances were:
Fridge, freezer, washing machine, dryer, dish washer, TV, computer, air-condition, micro
wave, electric heaters (small scale)
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g) Penetration of renewable energy sources
Solar collectors (surface, type)
O
O
O
Photovoltaic (power)
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
Heat pumps (type, power, electricity consumption)
Wood (quantity)
O
O
(If any of the answers is "yes" or "partly" please specify)
All of these technologies are surveyed. A special CATI-questionnaire was
designed for that purpose.
Technical parameters were surveyed to compute the “consumption” of
renewable energy (e.g. the surface of the solar collector, performance
coefficient of heat pumps and the respective electricity consumption of
heat pumps)
h) Penetration of energy efficiency technologies
such as high efficiency lamps, appliances, etc.
O
O
O
(If the answer is "yes" or "partly" please specify)
i) Please specify any other relevant statistics that are collected
and are not mentioned above:
ZIP-code to locate households (e.g. to merge climate conditions to the observation)
Household structure (children -> probably more appliances),
Employment status = absence from home
Residential energy consumption for mobility (especially cars) is a substantial
issue. The German survey has spent a lot of effort to gain insights into gasoline
and diesel consumption, and has further investigated the market penetration of
alternative fuel vehicles.
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15 Do you validate the data with external/additional information?
If the answer is "yes" or "partly" please specify (e.g. data from
energy suppliers, heating devices sold/ installed)
O
O
O
Basically, we read-out billing data. As a quality check, we cross-check our result. For a
sample of 100 households we merge their surveyed data with consumption/billing data from
the respective utility. By these means, we check on the one hand whether the households
deliver reliable data, and on the other hand whether our plausibility procedure discovers the
errors.
16 Do you apply automated plausibility checks?
O
O
O
17 Do you use these data for compiling national energy balances?
O
O
O
18 Do you publish the survey results separately?
If "yes" how do you publish (internet, brochure, CD….) and
when did you publish the most recent figures?
Link: …………………………………….
O
O
O
O
All project reports can be downloaded at no cost at http://www.rwiessen.de/haushaltsenergieverbrauch
19 Do you publish a Report of Methods?
If "yes" when did you publish the most recent report?
Link: …………………………………….
Each report includes a thorough description of the methodology employed.
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PART B: MODELLING ACTIVITIES
Part B reviews modelling activities carried out at national level. The questions seek
qualitative assessments and responses to a number of topics (source data, the modelling
objective and methodology, etc.) related to modelling and the associated costs. Three
types of modelling activities are considered, namely:
a) To estimate the total fuel consumption in households by type of fuel and
end-use
b) To estimate the breakdown of the fuel consumption by end-use
c) To model electricity consumption for the different appliances
5
Please, give the name and a short description of each modelling process used:
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6. For each modelling process identified in Part 5 please describe:
Model Name:…………………………….
1
Source data:
Give an overview of the key data sets that populate the model (surveys, administrative
sources, other models). For the various sources, indicate the frequency of the data collection,
an estimate of the robustness of the input data, and what other uses are made of the source
data.
2
Modelling objective:
Specify the objective of the modelling process, in particular whether:
a) The modelling process is a bottom-up estimation of the total fuel consumption in
households (by fuel type and end-use). Specify the fuel(s) and end-uses (space
heating / cooling, hot water, cooking, lighting and electrical appliances) modelled.
Indicate any other relevant statistics (see recommended coverage in part A, point
4) which are part of the modelling output process.
b) The modelling process aims at providing disaggregated statistics by end-use, i.e.
the breakdown of fuel consumption for space heating, space cooling, water
heating, cooking, lighting and electrical appliances.
c) The modelling process aims at the disaggregation of electricity consumption in
households by type of appliance (oven, fridge, compact fluorescent lamps, etc.)
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3 Modelling methodology
Please, provide a description of the modelling methodology (including a web-link to
published methodological papers). Indicate any external (independent) and internal reviews
and their frequencies. Indicate frequency of modelling updates to take account of new
technology (i.e. more energy efficient appliances) and new sources of data.
4 Reconciliation with other data
Please, provide an assessment of the accuracy of the modelling process of the overall
consumption in the bottom-up approach (case "a" above). Indicate how bottom-up estimates
are reconciled with aggregated energy balance data (supply side). What other independent
variables are used in the reconciliation process.
Provide as assessment of the accuracy in the case of the disaggregation of total fuel
consumption into the various end-uses (case "b" above). What other sources of data are there
to validate this element of the modelling against?
5 Uses of the model outputs
Please describe how the results are used to inform / monitor /evaluate national policy.
Describe the way the model outputs are published (internet, brochure, CD….), their frequency
and timeliness. Give links of most recent results.
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6 Cost
Please give an estimate of the amount spent on:
-
setting up the modelling system (if done recently)
annual cost of purchasing data to populate model or additional cost of carrying out
surveys where the outputs are essential input for the modelling work
annual cost of model maintenance/development (staff, IT, etc.)
annual cost of reporting model results
7 Service responsible for the modelling
Please give the name of the service responsible for maintaining and operating the modelling
process. Indicate whether it is produced externally under contract.
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