Name ____________________________
Biology
Study Guide
Date ________________ Period__________
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
1. What are the three parts to the cell theory?
1. Cells are the basic unit of life (structure and function)
2. All living organisms are made of cells.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.
2. Fill in the chart below.
Name of Scientist
Contribution to the Cell Theory
Hooke
Looked at cork underneath the microscope and used the word
“cell” to describe the empty space he saw.
Leeuwenhocke
Improved the microscope and looked at pond water underneath
the microscope. Saw tiny “animalcules” and agreed with Hooke
that life is made up of cells.
Schleiden
Said that all plants are made up of cells. So plants are living.
Schwann
Said that all animals are made up of cells. So animals are living.
Virchow
Stated that all living things are made up of cell. Therefore all cells
must come from pre-existing cells.
3. How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ?
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and no membrane organelles. Are simple and small in size, only
bacterial cells.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane organelles. Are more complex and larger in size, all
other organisms except bacteria.
4. How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar?
They both contain DNA, have a cell membrane and cytoplasm inside.
5. What organelles are located ONLY in plant cells?
Chloroplasts – used to convert sunlight energy into food for plants.
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Cell wall – used to surround and support the cell, outermost part of plant cell and made of cellulose,
causes plant to stand upright.
6. Fill in the chart below by listing all 5 organelles that make up the Nucleus and its function.
Part of Nucleus
Function of Organelle
Located in the center of the cell. Controls all the cell’s activities.
Nucleus
Located in the center of the nucleus. Makes ribosomes.
Nucleolus
Surrounds and protects the nucleus.
Nuclear membrane
Nuclear pore
Found on the nuclear membrane. Are tiny openings that allow
material (RNA and ribosomes) to leave the nucleus.
Located inside the nucleus, contain genetic information (DNA)
Chromosomes
7. What organelle is found only in an animal cell that is not found in a plant cell?
Centrioles – used in asexual reproduction known as mitosis. Always come in pairs.
8. Identify the three places where one can locate ribosomes and explain why they are located in each
place.
1. Nucleolus – That is where ribosomes are being made.
2. Rough er – Ribosomes leave the nucleus through the nuclear pore and attach onto the er in order to
be moved throughout the cell.
3. Cytoplasm – freely floating in the, not attached onto the er and are making protein.
9. What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
Supports the cell like a skeleton, provides support and structure, keeps the shape of the cell intact and
helps the cell with movement just like a skeleton does.
10. Where are the chromosomes and DNA located in a cell?
Both are located inside the nucleus. Chromosomes contain DNA.
11. What similarities do mitochondria and chloroplasts share?
They both produce energy for a cell. A plant cell has both. An animal cell ONLY has mitochondria.
Chloroplast perform photosynthesis and mitochondria perform cellular respiration.
12. What is chlorophyll and where is it found?
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It is a green pigment that is found inside the chloroplast. It is used during photosynthesis. Green in
color because it absorbs all colors except green; green light is reflected.
13. Why is the vacuole in a plant cell so large compared to an animal cell?
A plant cell needs to store large amounts of water to keep the plant rigid, providing support during
periods of no rain (drought).
14. Name the levels of organization in an organism from the smallest to largest.
Cells ----- Tissue-----Organs-----Organ System------Organism
15. Use the diagram below to draw the organelles of an animal cell. Label the organelles listed below
in your drawing. YOU MAY NEED TO USE YOUR ANIMAL CELL COLORING WORKSHEET!
Mitochondria
ribosomes
golgi
rough er
smooth er
Nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear membrane cell membrane
cytoplasm
vacuole
centrioles
Nuclear pore
lysosomes
Use your cell color diagrams to help with this and to check answers!!!
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16. Fill in the chart below.
Cell Part
Mitochondria
Found in Plant,
Animal or Both
cell
Both
Function of the part
Makes energy for the cell through cellular respiration
“powerhouse”
Make protein.
Ribosomes
Both
Golgi apparatus
Both
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Both
Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
Lysosome
Both
Nucleus
Both
Nucleolus
Both
Nuclear pores
Both
Nuclear membrane
Both
Cell membrane
Both
Vesicle
Both
Produced by the golgi. Tiny sacs that isolate and
transport specific molecules out of the cell.
Cytoplasm
Both
The fluid portion of the cell that fills the space
between the nucleus and the cell membrane in
eukaryotic cells. “air”
Cell wall
Plant
Found in cells of plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria.
It is a thick outer covering surrounding the cell
membrane, provides support and protection and
allows the stem of the plant to stand upright in order
to carry out photosynthesis.
Both
Packs, stores and ships out protein to the cell
membrane so it can be transported to the rest of the
body. “post office”
Long membranes that do not have ribosomes
attached. Site of lipid making and other functions.
“elevators”
Long membranes that DO have ribosomes attached to
the surface. Site of protein making. “steps”
Digestive sacs that contain enzymes to destroy
damaged or worn out cell parts and get rid of
bacteria. “trashcans”
The brain of the cell , located at the center of the cell,
contains our genetic information, controls all of the
cell’s activities and determines what proteins are
made. “principal’s office”
Located inside of the nucleus, made of DNA and makes
ribosomes. “principal”
Located on the nuclear membrane, allow ribosomes
to leave the nucleus. “doors”
Double Membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Contains nuclear pores that allow certain materials to
move in and out of the nucleus.
Surrounds and protects the cell. Is semi-permeable.
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Vacuole
Centrioles
Both
Larger in a plant
Animal ONLY
Chloroplast
Plant ONLY
Cytoskeleton
Both
Fluid filled sac that stores water, food, ions, minerals,
protein and carbohydrates. “kitchens”
Help with cell division in a process known as mitosis form of reproduction. Found in pairs, small cylinder
shaped organelle. Only found in animal cells.
“students”
Found only in plant cells. Are needed for
photosynthesis. Contain the green pigment
chlorophyll. Chlorophyll can trap energy from the sun
and use it for photosynthesis, so plants can make their
own food( glucose) through photosynthesis.
“greenhouse”
Network of proteins and fibers that is constantly
changing to meet the needs of the cell. “support
beams”
17. Describe what it means to have a cell membrane that is semi permeable.
It allows some molecules to pass in or out of the cell through the cell membrane.
18. What type of cell does not contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles?
___Prokaryote (bacteria)_______________
True/False
If the statement is true write the word true and if the statement is false write the word false on the
line provided.
19. ____True______________________ Centrioles are found only in animal cells and are involved in cell
division (mitosis).
20. _______False___________________ The nuclear membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell.
21. ______False____________________ Ribosomes can be found attached to the smooth er or floating
freely in the cytoplasm.
22. ______True____________________ Lysosomes are responsible for getting rid of waste in the cell.
23. ______False____________________ A cell wall is found in an animal cell.
24. ____True______________________ The chloroplast is the organelle responsible for carrying out
photosynthesis in a plant cell.
25. ______True____________________ There are three parts to the cell theory.
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