Ch. 3 – Operating Systems
Operating System Software
•Operating System (OS) – Software that ______________________________________ of a
computer
What is an operating system (OS)?
Software which manages the overall operation of the computer system including:
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
Software files (programs) which are stored on the hard disk
•
_________________________ with the internal programs
•
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
Kernel
•Kernel – The internal part of the operating system.
–Those software components that perform the basic functions required by the computer.
•
________________________________________________
•
________________________________________________
•
________________________________________________
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The functions of an operating system
1. Manages and Interacts with Computer Hardware
2. Provides and Manages System Security
3. Provides the System Interface
4. Provides the Interface for Application Software
1. Manages and Interacts with Computer Hardware
Manages the CPU

What software programs the ___________________ and when
Manages RAM
- What is ________________________ and where it is stored
- Virtual memory
- OS will send message when
RAM is full
Provides the interface for storage devices and _____________________________________
on those devices
- in charge of formatting disks
- creates sectors and clusters
- creates F.A.T. or V.T.O.C.
- sends message when disk is
full or there is some other
problem with writing data to
the disk
- virtual memory
- CD-ROM, DVD-ROM
- Flash drive
Provides the Interface for Input and Output Devices

keyboard, mouse, printer,

device drivers = software programs which allow the hardware device to be used by the
operating system and by application software
Advantages/Disadvantages of Server Operating Systems
Advantages


_____________________________ for the installation and administration of all software
and data
More cost effective - less expensive than multiple computers (PCs, Macs)
Disadvantages


___________________________
Loss of individual user control of their own software, data, and peripherals
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2. Provides and Manages System Security
Single-user Operating Systems


__________________________________
user has full authority (usually)
Server Operating Systems



__________________ capability
protection of user’s data stored on the server’s central hard disk drives
protection and security for software programs
3. Provides the System Interface
System Interface or shell = the interface between the user and the computer
___________________________________________

Linux, UNIX, DOS, older OS’s
4. Provides the Interface for Application Software
Operating systems are _________________________________
Operating systems are designed and developed for a specific CPU or “family of CPUs”
Application software is developed for an operating system
MS Word for Windows 7

Windows 7

Intel CPU
MS Word for the Macintosh

Macintosh OS X

Intel CPU
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Virtualization, Cloud Computing and Big Data
Virtualization
Virtualization - Various techniques and methods of creating a virtual (rather than actual) version
of something, such as:




Computer hardware platform
Operating System (OS) – _____________________________
Storage device
Network resources
Virtual Machine


Software that supports multiple operating systems on a single computer.
Each operating system is it’s own “virtual machine” with it’s own:
•
________________________________________________
•
________________________________________________
•
________________________________________________
•
________________________________________________
VM
A computer can run:
Multiple operating systems simultaneously including the
_____________________________________
Zero Client (thin clients) just:

Connect to the network

Begins a networking protocol to communicate with the VM server

Displays the server's output:

Operating system, applications and data
Basically the full OS and applications are run in _____________________
Fewer client “computers” means:
 Less cost – fewer “computers”
 Do not have to constantly upgrade computers or buy new computers
 Easier installation of software and upgrading current software


_______________________________________________
Easier management of client computers

Access ______________________ from any device on the network.
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Cloud Computing
Centralization – Looks familiar….

The mainframe computer has now become the “cloud”.
Cloud computing – Ability to run a program on many connected computers at the same time.

The popularity of the term is from the ability host application services so that the client
can access from a remote location.

Also known as ___________________________ over a network
A data center is a specialized facility used to house computer systems and associated
components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.
Cloud computing is ______________________________ in which large groups of remote
servers are networked to allow the centralized data storage, and online access to computer
services or resources.
Big data
Big data - The collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
or traditional data processing applications.

Challenges: How to capture, organize, store, search, share, transfer, analyze, and
visualize.

How to use larger data sets of information, analyze the information and use it to "spot
business trends, determine quality of research, prevent diseases, link legal citations,
combat and prevent crime, and
_________________________________________________.
Big Data (2012)
Big Data
Example
Analyzing Data – RapidMiner
Meta Data
_________________________________ is data that describes other data.

A metadata record is a file of information which captures the basic characteristics of a
data or information resource.

Metadata is traditionally in the card catalogs of libraries.

Metadata describes how and when and by whom a particular set of data was collected,
and how the data is formatted.
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