February 11, 2005
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Multiple choice questions
(numbers in brackets indicate the number of correct answers)
All mitochondrial genomes analyzed to date are
circular

linear

<50 kb in size

>50 kb in size

none of the above
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All chloroplast genomes analyzed to date are
circular

linear

<50 kb in size

>50 kb in size

none of the above

Bacterial genomes are compacted by
Histones

Other proteins than histones 
Supercoiling

DNA polymerases

DNA topoisomerases

CP proteins
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Plasmids are molecules that
are linear

are circular

are supercoiled in vivo

are present in all bacteria

contain essential genes

replicate independently

Operons
are characteristic for eukaryotic genomes
contain more than one gene
contain more than one promoter
contain always similar genes
contain almost no intergenic sequences
Telomers are located
(1)
(2)
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(3)
(3)
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(2)
at the ends of ribosomal RNA
in centromers
in the middle of chromosomes
at the ends of chromosomes
in nuclear DNA
in mitochondrial DNA
in prokaryotes
in eukaryotes
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




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
Microsatellites are
frequently found in bacterial genomes
always smaller than 50 bp
used as DNA markers
repeated sequences
movable DNA elements





Transposons
are RNA sequences
are DNA sequences
are only found in eukaryotes
contain no genes
contain at least one gene
can replicate


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
(2)
Most genes are transcribed into
t-RNAs
mRNAs
ribosomal RNAs
repeat elements
small nuclear RNAs
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
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
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(1)
Transcriptomes
consist of RNA
consist of proteins
are translated into proteins
do not change
differ in different cells
-sheets are stabilized by
hydrophobic bonds
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
covalent bonds
all of the above
none of the above
(3)
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
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
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(2)
(3)
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(1)
Chaperons are involved in
translation
transcription
protein degradation
polypeptide folding
mRNA processing


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
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Restriction endonucleases
are located in the nucleus
degrade DNA completely
bind to DNA
are enzymes
are proteins
were discovered in the 1980s
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



(1)
(3)
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PCR is used for
reverse transcribing RNA into DNA
digesting proteins
digesting DNA
copying plasmids
amplifying DNA
amplifying proteins


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
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Transformation
converts DNA into RNA
converts RNA into proteins
joins two DNA fragments
cuts DNA into fragments
introduces DNA into cells
removes genomes from cells
is used in cloning of DNA
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DNA polymerases
join DNA fragments
replicate RNA
replicate DNA
synthesize DNA in 5’->3’ direction
synthesize DNA in 3’->5’ direction
require a primer to function
require nucleotides to function
require ATP
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(1)
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(2)
(4)
Genome markers
Must occur as multiple alleles
Must be repeat DNA sequences
Can be any unique DNA sequence
Are only used in genetic maps
Are composed of foreign DNA
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
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
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Linkage analysis
Is used in physical mapping
Is based on Mendel’s laws
Can only be used with prokaryotes
Is based on recombination frequencies
Requires unlinked genes


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
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Physical mapping
Requires large numbers of organisms
Is always based on optical methods
Can use DNA fragment libraries
Uses polymorphic restriction sites
Can use sequence tagged sites (STSs)
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(1)
(2)
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(2)
Self study questions at the end of chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the GENOMES textbook:
Chapter 2: 20, 22, 24.
Chapter 3: 2, 4, 11.
Chapter 4: 2, 4.
Chapter 5: 1, 3, 8, 10.