Teacher Resource Booklet on Rhythm in the Visual Arts by Sarah Falconer, Patricia Gautreau, Chantal Harris, Cindy Hemming, Zoe Mullen, and Kate Wagner Rhythm Lesson Plan Grade: 2-5 Date: June 2, 2008 Unit: Rhythm in visual arts Objective: Creating, Making and Presenting: Visual Arts 1. Students will be expected to explore, challenge, develop, and express ideas, using the skills, language, techniques, and processes of the arts. 2. Students will be expected to create and/or present, collaboratively and independently, expressive products in the arts for a range of audiences and purposes. Resources/ Materials: Potato stamps for each student in the class White paper Paint Paint brushes SRS Art Connections Level 4 Vocabulary: Rhythm- occurs when lines, shapes or colors are repeated to create a feeling a movement. Motif- the line, shape or object that is repeated in rhythm. Random Rhythm- motifs appear in no order, with irregular spaces. Regular Rhythm- identical motifs in order, with identical spacing. Alternating Rhythm- when a motif is changed and repeated or a second motif is added. Warm-Up (10 min): Class should set up in a semi circle with the teacher’s chart paper at the opening in the semi-circle. This will open everyone up for discussion and allow everyone to see. Show the students pictures of pieces of art with rhythm. Explain to students what rhythm in visual arts is. Next, on the chart paper show students an example of a random rhythm using a potato stamp. Next, show students create an example, using the potato stamps, of regular rhythm. Using potato stamps demonstrate to the students what an alternating rhythm is. Enter students into a discussion about the similarities and differences between the three. Be sure to point out differences in the spacing between the objects, the different directions of the objects, repetition of the object etc. After students have discussed the differences and similarities, explain what a motif is. Lesson Overview (30 min): Students are to go back to their desks or individual workplaces for the lesson. Give each student a piece of paper, a potato stamp, a paint brush and paint. The potato stamps should be a simple object. Some examples of stamps that could be used are a tree, an animal, an apple, a fence, a fish etc. Before students get started give all students a copy of the rubric and go over it as a class. Have students fold their sheets into three sections. Quickly go over the method of potato stamping. Students must put a light layer of paint on the stamp using a paint brush. The same color must be used for the motifs in that type of rhythm. This is what students are required to do on each section: 1. Create a random rhythm using potato stamps. 2. Create a regular rhythm using potato stamps. 3. Create an alternating rhythm using potato stamps. Closing Activity (5-10 min): Students can sit in a circle with their art work in hand. They will be asked to share one of three things: 1. My favorite rhythm is ____, (and include why) 2. This is how I’d move to this rhythm (and include why). 3. If I could create a name for my piece I would call it ____, (and include why) Students will quickly go around the circle and share their thoughts from their choices. Rubric for students: A B C F The individual successfully created a random, alternating, and regular rhythm. The motifs were a close duplication of the original picture. Random Rhythm- motifs appear in no order, with irregular spaces. Regular Rhythm- identical motifs in order, with identical spacing. Alternating Rhythm- when a motif is changed and repeated or a second motif is added. The individual created only two of the required three rhythms. The motifs were a close duplication of the original picture. The individual created only one of the required three rhythms. The motifs were a close duplication of the original picture. The individual created only one or none of the required three rhythms. The motifs were not a close duplication of the original picture. Lesson Plan- Creative Arts Teacher: Ms. Mullen Grade: 3 Date: June 2, 2008 Unit/Strand/Outcomes: Creating, Making and Presenting: Visual Arts Objective/ Purpose: Students will be expected to Explore colour, shape, line, and texture and the principles of pattern and repetition in the visual environment; explore basic art skills, techniques, and vocabulary; explore a range of materials, tools, equipment, and processes; apply different kinds of line in their own artwork and identify line in the work of artists and in nature. Resources: What I need for class (e.g., transparencies, calculators, handouts, supplies): Paper pencil pastels SMART Board Technology Scissors Warm Up: Ask the students to stand up beside their desks (while playing music in the background). Ask them to raise their hand they use to write. Direct them to make different motions solely exercising their wrists, and then solely exercising their elbow. Vocabulary: Rhythm, Rhythm and movement, Flowing rhythm. Background: Students are expected to have basic background knowledge of rhythm in visual arts (through previous activities). Students are expected to use their knowledge of rhythm and apply it to their design. Lesson Overview: Lesson Overview: Following the warm-up, I will introduce the concept of “Flowing Rhythm” (to further develop their knowledge/application of ‘Rhythm’ in Visual Arts). I will explain that Flowing Rhythm is: another way to create rhythm in a work of art is by repeating curved lines or shapes. There are no sudden changes in lines or breaks in the movement. A flowing rhythm gives a sense of movement, and is often more organic in nature. Following defining Flowing Rhythm, using the SMART board, I will demonstrate examples of Flowing Rhythm in art (by professional Artisans). I will then demonstrate Flowing Rhythm with student examples. To start, I will ask the students to think about how lines can show rhythm (from previous lessons). Cut a variety of curving lines and long, flowing free form shapes from paper. Then, arrange the cut papers until you get a flowing rhythm design you like. Then, glue the papers down. (First show example) (These activities should provide students with adequate practice to create an original design using flowing rhythms). Assessment: Activity: Explain that flowing rhythms can be the change of tides, the bark on a tree, or rolling hills. Think about flowing rhythms in nature. Observe student’s interpretation of aflowing rhythm. Choose an item with adesign flowingand rhythm and create close-up of a part of that item using Assess student’s knowledge of flowing rhythm by their repeated lines. Ask the students to think about how itdesign. might look under a microscope and try to reproduce that idea. Ask them, what lines and shapes did you use in your design to portray flowing rhythm? Closure: In groups of 4-5 people, ask each member of the group to name the types of lines and shapes used and ask each member of the group to decide if he/she Homework: successfully created a flowing rhythm? Ask students to look for other forms of flowing rhythm (they are not limited to art pieces). Resource: Lesson Plan- Creative Arts A practical application of Visual Rhythm Teacher: Grade: 3 Date: June 2, 2008 Unit/Strand/Outcomes: Materials and Technique Painting: explore different painting techniques, e.g., dry brush, wet brush, complete simple mixed media investigations, e.g., paint over wax crayons or oil pastels to create a resist effect Origami Extension - Paper Manipulation: Use a variety of paper manipulation techniques eg. Folding (understand that a two dimensional surface can become three-dimensional) Elements and Principles of Design Discuss simple compositional elements in their art work and the art work of others, e.g. symmetrical balance, repeating shapes Identify different categories of shape (organic, inorganic, geometric) Visual Awareness Identify art elements in the natural and manufactured world Objective/ Purpose: Give students an opportunity to apply their knowledge of visual rhythm in the creation of a ‘textile’ design Demonstrate the proper use and care for new artistic materials (silk dyes, Chinese brushes and wax resists) Review colour theory (formation of secondary colours from primary colours) Resources: What I need for class (e.g., transparencies, calculators, handouts, supplies): 1) Paper (Ori Masa preferably) 2) Primary Colour Silk Dyes, Dixie Cups 4) Brushes (Chinese are best) 5) White Crayons 6) Pottery ‘Wax resist’ 8) Water Jugs and Paper towel 9) Kimono Slideshow 10) Batik Example 11) Mat Borders Warm Up: SSD – Sustained Silent Drawing (5 minutes) at the beginning of each day Vocabulary: Review: Motif (organic, inorganic, geometric), Rhythm (random, regular, flowing), Colour theory (Primary Colours, Secondary Colours) New: Wax Resist, Batik, Textile, Kimono, Silk Dyes Background: Students are expected to be familiar with simple visual rhythm vocabulary and categories. Lesson Overview: Set-up: Materials (brushes, Dixie cups, paper towel and ink are prepared at the front of room). Tables are lined with garbage bags. Introduction (10 minutes): What is a textile and where do we see textiles? Who designs textiles? Show a slideshow of kimonos with diverse fabric patterns that demonstrate visual rhythm. Highlight the uses of the different types of rhythm in the examples. Do you think that the designer was thinking about rhythm in coming up with this design? Activity 1 (10 minutes): What is a batik? (Wax resist on textiles). Show example of batiked textile. Show example of origami kimono. Demonstrate the process of batiking using the wax resist stamping and the crayon at the front of the room. Have paper prepared with wax that is already dry for demos. *Show wet-on-wet painting effect. *Ask for predictions of colour blending. Instructions (40 minutes, can be divided amongst two classes): *Consider the types of motifs and rhythm(s) that you will incorporate into your piece: 1) Start with stamping one piece of paper using the wax resist and found objects. Leave this paper to dry. 2) Draw a rhythmic design using white crayon on another piece of paper. Paint over the design with Ink Dyes (as in demo). 3) Go back to first paper and apply dyes if wax resist is dry. Wait to dry and apply additional wax resist. Repeat process until satisfied. *Because this is an experimental process, students should not be limited to one try. Rather several sheets of paper should be made available. Activity 2 (40 minutes): Students will crop their favourite parts of their textile design using a mat border. They will trace the interior square lines and cut the cropped section out. Teacher will demonstrate the proper steps in folding the kimono in a step-by-step manner with the class. Assessment: Using a clip board, the teacher will note whether the student work is successful in demonstrating rhythm. Students will also explain why they think that their cropped selection would make a nice kimono design. Teacher will probe questions relating to concepts of rhythm, movement, colour and pattern with a focus on comprehension of rhythm. These responses will also be noted. Student can describe how rhythm works to piece: Yes/Somewhat/No Notes: Resource: SRA Art Connections - Grade 4 Distributor MCGRAW-HILL RYERSON LTD. (MHR) Rubric: Demonstrated Comprehension of Concept Excellent Good Student demonstrates notable knowledge of the type of rhythm that he or she has incorporated in his/her design. Student demonstrates basic knowledge of the type of rhythm attempted in his/her design. Student did not demonstrate knowledge of any type of rhythm in his or her design. Student can easily describe and Unsatisfactory Response to Concept identify different types of rhythm in his/her own work and in the work of others. Student demonstrates some knowledge but struggles when asked to describe or identify different types of rhythm in his/her own work or in the work of others. Excellent Good Student does not demonstrate knowledge of rhythm in his/her own work or in the work of others. Unsatisfactory LESSON PLAN Teacher: Ms. Falconer Grade: 2 Date: May 27, 2008 Time: 60 Minutes Visual Arts Outcomes: Create images that reflect their interpretation of or feelings about a piece of music, story, or poem Discuss visual ideas they and other create Recognize they have unique artistic expression Explore introductory printmaking techniques (their feet being used as stamps to reflect the sense of rhythm from a song, may take the form of a repeated pattern) Music Outcomes: Recognize visually and aurally short rhythms and melodies Objective/Purposes: To have students explore and express the rhythm of a song visually in their art to better understand how rhythm in visual arts is seen, not heard. They will be exploring random and regular rhythms as the songs chosen will contain these types of rhythms. They will also gain awareness of what implied line is as they will be making them with their footprints (they will be asked to see whether the series of prints are automatically connected by the viewers’ eye to create the impression of line). Resources (what I need for class): Paint Roll of newsprint that can be cut into large pieces of paper Scissors Paint trays or paper plates that can serve as paint trays Paper towel CD player Music – 2 pieces of your choice demonstrating 2 very different rhythms (one that is random and one that is regular). Suggestions: free jazz and salsa music Warm Up: Have students listen to the first piece of music & think about/identify its rhythm. Discuss. Move tables to the sides of the room so the centre area is open for working there. Have students sit in a circle in the centre of the room. Vocabulary: Rhythm (in music and visual art) Beat Background: Information on what rhythm is in music (from music class) and in visual art (from previous discussions, explorations of work, and activities). Lesson Overview: Warm Up – 5 Mins. Have students listen to the first piece of music & think about/identify its rhythm. Discuss. Move tables to the sides of the room so the centre area is open for working there. Have students sit in a circle in the centre of the room. Painting Activity #2 – 5 Mins. Students listen to the second song while thinking about & identifying its rhythm. Discuss its rhythm and how it differs from the first song. Students follow the same instructions from the first time they created a piece of art to reflect the rhythm of a song, but to the new song this time. Assessment: Participation, understanding, and contribution to discussions as charted in observational records. Homework: Finish reflective journal if they did not have enough time to finish it in the time provided in class. Look for visual rhythms in art around the school and at home. Enrichment: For students requiring enrichment they are encouraged to create pieces of art that truly reflect the rhythm of the music. They are expected to perform at a higher level. They are also asked to contribute at a higher level during discussion. The teacher will challenge them to think more deeply with questioning techniques. Remediation: For students requiring remediation more help and guidance is provided while they are working and during discussion. Evaluation: Students are being evaluated on: participation and understanding, their ability to represent musical rhythm in their art, and their understanding and reflection as evidenced in their journal entries (please see attached rubric). Implications for Future Classes: This lesson will help them in completing the other activities in the unit on rhythm. RUBRIC 3 Participation in Works hard to show 2 Tries to show the 1 Does not try to Creating Art the rhythm of the songs in their art. rhythm of the songs in their art. show the rhythm of the song in their art. More effort is required. Participation in Discussion Answers to questions shows they have thought hard about them. Answers to questions show some understanding of discussion topics. Does not say anything or add to the discussion. More effort is required. Rhythm in Art Work Both art works clearly show / represent the rhythm of the song. Art works show that students have made an effort to show the rhythm of the songs. Art works show that students did not try to show the rhythm of the song. More effort is required. Journal Entry Shows understanding and deep thought about what we did, why, and what they have learned. Shows they have learned something from today’s lesson. No thought was put in to the journal entry or it was not completed. More effort is required. Lesson Plan: Matisse and Rhythm Possible Grade Levels: Grades 3-5 (could easily be adapted for K-2) Unit/Outcome/Objective: Materials and Techniques: Paper Manipulation: -Use a variety of paper manipulation techniques, e.g., folding, curling, weaving or overlapping to create a collage, montage or mobile. -Demonstrate a variety of attachment techniques, e.g. typing, stapling, taping, folding, slotting, gluing. Elements of Art and Principles of Design: Discuss simple compositional elements in their artwork and the artwork of others, e.g., horizontal lone, area of emphasis, symmetrical balance, repeating shapes Development of Imagery: Use a variety of sources to stimulate ideas on artwork e.g., poems, songs, the environment Demonstrates self-confidence and eagerness toward their art production, expression and discussion Responding to Art: Recognize different styles among classmates’ and artists’ artworks Resources: Scissors, construction paper, glue, Meet Matisse by Nelly Munthe, Jazz by Henri Matisse (or prints by Matisse), a CD of jazz music. Vocabulary: Rhythm, Collage, Jazz Classroom Set-Up: Students will come to the story corner to read Meet Matisse and for a discussion of the artist. Students will return to their desks for the majority of the lesson. Supplies such as scissors and glue will be already in their pencil cases. One student from each group of desks will come to the front to get the construction paper. Lesson Overview: Read Meet Matisse by Nelly Munthe and discuss who Matisse was with the students. (10 minutes) o Henri Matisse was a famous 20th century French painter renown for his use of bold design and colourful patterns. o His most important works were his collages, which were known as “the visual counterpoints to jazz” o Because late in his career his health was failing, he gave up painting and used collage (a form of art which involves gluing bits of paper to a flat surface). He designed colours and patterns, but his assistant prepared the shapes that he placed on his collages. o Show some of Matisse’s work (e.g. from the book Jazz). Ask students what they notice about these works. Note how rhythm is used. o Listen to jazz music which students examine his works, and make links between the music and visual rhythms o Ask how does Matisse show rhythm in his artwork? (hint: colour, repeating patterns etc.). Activity: Create a Matisse Collage (20-30 minutes) o Listen to a piece of jazz music and tell students that they will create their own collage to reflect the music. o Teacher will model piling several pages of construction paper together and cut out a shape (to create an identical shape in several different colours). Students may do this several times to make a collage with several different shapes. o Allow students to select the colours of construction paper and create their own shapes to use to represent the song. o Students may practice arranging their shapes on a page in a variety of ways, reflecting representations of rhythm before deciding on one arrangement to reflect the music they have been listening to. Reflection time: (5-10 minutes) o Possible questions to use in discussion or written reflection: 1. Think about your choices in shape, colour and arrangement. How did your art reflect the music? 2. Do you feel your artwork reflected the rhythm of the music? 3. How could you improve your work? What do you admire about others’ work and why? Assessment: This activity will involve both teacher assessment and student reflection Self Assessment: 4. Can you identify rhythm in artwork? 5. Does your collage show rhythm and reflect the piece of music we listened to? 6. How can you improve your artwork? Rubric: Marked out of 9 1 Student is unable to see rhythm present in artwork 2 Student is able to identify some patterns in colour or shape. Responding to music through collage creation Student is unable to respond to music and create collage without teacher support. Ability to reflect on own artwork Student is unable to make reflection and selfcritique. Student is able to somewhat respond to music and create a work of art that shows some rhythm. Student is able to reflect on process and product, but is unable to selfcritique. Identifying rhythm in others’ artwork 3 Student is able to accurately identify repeating patterns in colour and shape. Student is able to respond to music and create a work that is unique and expresses rhythm. Student thoughtfully reflects on the process and product of the lesson and is able to self-critique. Enrichment: Have students choose their own music and make a collage that reflects the visual rhythm of their favourite song. Ask students to create more intricate collage shapes, and allow them to create their own colours by mixing paint, then painting white paper rather than using construction paper. Remediation: For those students who experience difficulty with the fine motor skills needed for cutting, templates could be used. For those having difficulty finding the rhythm in jazz, clapping along to note changes in pace may be helpful, or a simpler piece of music could be used. There is no right or wrong answer for this assignment. Teacher Resources: Matisse, Henri Jazz.4th ed. New York: Prestel. 2000. Munthe, Nelly. Meet Matisse. New York: Little, Brown & Co. 1983. Hyde, Margaret E. Matisse for Kids. New York: Budding Artists. 1996. http://www.storyboardtoys.com/releases/matisse-kids-art-lesson.pdf http://www.artbma.org/flash/F_conekids.swf http://www.kinderart.com/arthistory/meetmatisse.shtml Lesson Plan: Rhythm Teacher: Mrs. Patricia Gautreau Grade: 3–5 Duration: 30 min Date: June 2, 2008. Visual arts outcomes: Materials and techniques: Printmaking – create a unified composition combining different stencils and/or stamping and/ or rubbings Technology: name various sources that supply information on art, e.g., CD ROM, internet, libraries Elements of art and principles of design: discuss simple compositional elements in their art work and the art work of others Development of imagery: demonstrate self-confidence and eagerness toward their art production, expression and discussion Visual awareness: use a variety of sources for images, such as, memory, fantasy, observation and recording Responding to art: describe art works using appropriate vocabulary Objectives: - Students will gain an understanding about the use of rhythm in art through the works of Andy Warhol and the origins of "Pop Art". - They will use repetition of images and the manipulation of colour to create a statement. - Students will also learn techniques in the correct placement of facial features. Vocabulary: Andy Warhol, pop art, regular rhythm, portraits, colour, bold, repetition Materials: visuals of Andy Warhol's work (or use of internet link) class textbook: Art Connections, level 4 6x6 inch drawing paper pencils mirrors crayons glue 18x24 inch black construction paper black marker projector or Smartboard digital camera computer with printer Warm-up: (5 min) Brief history: Introduce Andy Warhol to the class. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1930, Andy Warhol’s parents were Czech immigrants and his last name was Warhola. He received his education at the Carnegie Institute of Technology and then moved to New York. He then worked for Vogue and Harper’s Bazaar and designed window displays. His art was very different than other artists in the 60’s as he used everyday objects and images or portraits of famous people as the subjects for his work and often repeating them many times on one painting or print. He includes many portraits of the same person in one painting, changing the colours often to bold and vibrant as well as the details. His interest in contemporary and popular things helped to define his work as Pop Art (derived from the word popular). Lesson: (20 min) 1) Discussion: Show reproductions of 100 Soup Cans, Twenty-five Marilyns and Green CocaCola Bottles, 1962 (use overheads or Smartboard to demonstrate). Ask students what they see represented in the artwork? Can they determine what process was used? What can you tell about the colours that have been used? Explain the term "pop art", regular rhythm, and how the terms apply to Warhol's work. Regular rhythm will pull your eyes through a work of art with a steady beat. Warhol was working in the 50’s and 60’s and was interested in many things that were a part of the culture at that time. He was interested in things that were popular and also everyday objects. What are some things that are a popular part of our culture today? People? Foods? Or Music? Also point out the use of repetition in Warhol's work and how he wanted to become a machine. 2) Explain to the students that they will be creating self-portraits, but using Warhol's sense of colour and use of repetition. Show students the correct way of drawing the human head and placement of their facial features. Each student should have a mirror (a picture of them will work also) before working and remind them to use it. Give each student a sheet of 6x6 inch white drawing paper. Each student should then draw his or her face. Remind the students to keep it simple and not to add to much detail and that we only offer constructive feedback. When each student has finished, they are to go over their drawing in black marker. 3) Before the next class, photocopy each student's portrait 6 times. This is the repetition part of the lesson. Cool Down: (5 min) Students will arrange all art supplies in the way they found them when they entered for the next class (or return all supplies to designated storage areas if last class of the day). They will place all finished artwork into a pile on one table with their names on the back of the sheet. Assessment: Review student’s progress during class and make note on rubric. Homework: No homework Enrichment: For students who complete their work early, they can scan their drawing and repeat it using the computer in the basic print program menu options, to create in a black outline, save and print their image. Remediation: For students who may have difficulty offer to take their photo and print it off on printer for them to be able to examine it more closely while drawing. Evaluation: Students will be graded on their participation, use of materials, effort, drawings are neat and understandable and demonstrate understanding of art principles. They will also complete a reflection and an end of unit test on Rhythm. Implications for future classes: 1) Recap the day before and talk about Warhol's use of repetition and wanting to be a machine. Give students drawing back with 6 photocopies. The students will colour each portrait using 3 colours. They are to colour each section of the portrait (hair, face, shoulders and background) a solid colour. The students will be encourage to only use a colour combination once. They can use the same colours again, but not the same combination. Discourage the use of black, white and brown crayons. They should keep their portraits as bright and colourful as possible. 2) When the students have finished colouring each portrait they are to cut them out. They should be cut out to their original 6x6 inch size. Give each student a sheet of 18x24 inch black construction paper. The students will arrange and then glue their 6 portraits to the black paper. This should be done horizontally. Before the end of the class, discuss Warhol and how his work related to the project. Have a small art show by hanging up all the works around the room and let the students walk around and look at each one. In a brief reflection, have the students explain why they chose certain colours and compositional material, ask them to choose a favourite work and explain why they like it and to answer the following question; if you could make a portrait of anyone in the world, who would it be? And why? 3) This project could also be extended to introduce progressive rhythm and link it to science using photo images of a flowers different growth stages and the resulting art will depict the changes and growth. Rubric Name: Date: Excellent A Satisfactory B Needs Improvement Student uses tools effectively, follows directions to produce drawings that reflect understanding of art principles discussed. Work is without error, attractive and eye-catching. Student uses tools adequately and follows directions to produce drawings that show some knowledge of art principles discussed. Work may have a few errors, it is recognizable or identifiable and ideas are understandable. Student has either not followed directions or has not used proper tools to produce drawings that show any knowledge of art principles discussed. Work has more than a few errors, is difficult to recognize or unidentifiable and ideas are not understandable. C Failure to Complete F Student has not completed the assigned work. Website resource for samples of art by Andy Warhol: www.artcyclopedia.com Twenty-Five Coloured Marilyn’s, 1962 Green Coca-Cola Bottles, 1962