NAME:
Layers of the Earth STUDY GUIDE ….ALSO REVIEW NOTES FROM CLASS AND
QUIZES
S6E5a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Earth’s inner core is composed of? Is it solid, liquid, or gas ?
Nickel and Iron. Solid metal
Using data from seismic waves, geologists have learned that Earth’s interior is made up of several what?
Layers
Earth’s mantle is composed mainly of? Is it solid liquid, or gas?
Molten Rock. Solid…has plasticity
Earth’s crust is composed mainly of? Is it solid liquid, or gas?
Rock (basalt and granite). Solid
Earth’s outer core is composed mainly of? Is it solid, liquid or a gas?
Nickel and Iron. Liquid metal
2
3.
7. Earth’s magnetic field results from movements in the
a. mantle.
b. core.
c. lithosphere
d. crust.
8.
Which layer has the greatest temperature? Which has the coolest temperature?
The inner core has the greatest temperature. The crust has the coolest temperature
9. List the layers of the Earth in order from most dense to least dense.
Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
10. List the layers of the Earth in order from least dense to most dense.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
11. List the layers of the Earth in order from least amount of pressure to most pressure.
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
12. Label the picture bellow.
CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE
NAME:
True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 13. Pressure increases from Earth’s surface toward the center of Earth.
TRUE
____ 14. The outermost layer of Earth is called the mantle.
FALSE – The outermost layer is the crust
Completion
Circle a or b .
15. The part of the mantle called the (A. asthenosphere,B. lithosphere) is made of soft rock that bends
like plastic.
16. In the mantle, heat is transferred as soft rock flows slowly in cycles known as ( A.plates,B.
convection currents).
17. ( A.granite,B. basalt ) is a rock with a fine, dark texture that makes up the oceanic crust.
18. The lithosphere is broken into sections called (A. plates, B.convection currents), which float on top
of the asthenosphere.
19. Scientists think that the (A. inner core, B.outer core ), made of liquid iron and nickel, moves to
produce Earth’s magnetic field.
20. Geologists learn about Earth’s interior by studying (A.worms ,B. seismic waves), which move
through Earth.
MINERAL STUDY GUIDE….ALSO STUDY NOTES FROM CLASS and QUIZES
S6E5b
What is a MINERAL?
A mineral is a Naturally occurring, Inorganic Solid that has a Crystal structure and has a
definite Chemical Compositon.
For a substance to be classified a mineral it must have all of the five characteristics:
1. It must occur Naturally Occurring
.
2. It must be Inorganic
.
3. It must have a Crystal Structure
.
4. It must have a definite Chemical Composition and be solid.
Identifying Minerals: Each mineral has its own specific properties that can be used to
identify it.
5. Hardness is measured by seeing how easy it is to
Scratch
a mineral
(Mohs Hardness Scale)
6. Color is NOT always a good way to identify a mineral. Many minerals are found in
several colors. Only a few minerals have their own characteristic color.
NAME:
7. Luster is the way a mineral
Reflects light
. Minerals can be
described as metallic, pearly, glassy, silky, or dull
8. Streak is the color of the MINERALS
Powder
. It is made by rubbing
a mineral across a hard, rough surface like a bathroom tile (color of its powder).
Even though the color of a mineral may vary, its streak does not.
9. Density is the mass per Volume
of a mineral.
10. Crystal System is the structure of the mineral based on the number of angles and
faces. Crystals are formed in
Geometric
shapes
11. Cleavage and Fracture is the way a mineral Breaks
apart.
12. What does cleavage mean? Cleavage is a mineral’s ability to split easily along flat
surfaces.
13. What does fracture mean?
Fracture is the way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
More about Identifying Minerals
●During the California Gold Rush of 1849, thousands of people headed west to find
gold. Some found gold, but most found pyrite (fool’s gold).
●Pyrite and gold looks the same.
●Both are the color yellow.
●Both have a metallic luster.
●Both have a similar density and hardness.
●The STREAK test is used to identify gold and pyrite. Pyrite has a greenish
streak and gold has a yellow streak.
●Pyrite is called fool’s gold because people thought it was real gold.
Why is color NOT a good test for identifying minerals?
Multiple minerals can have the same color. The same mineral can be made up of different
colors.
NAME: