EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
Kalan, Delhi Including Pipeline from Mathura-Jalandhar Pipeline (MJPL)
CHAPTER-3
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
The area around the proposed pipeline , where the project activities will
take place has been surveyed for physical features and existing
environmental scenario. The area was surveyed around the stations
Bahadurgarh, North West Delhi, South West Delhi and West Delhi. The
proposed 8 km pipeline near Tikri Kalan has also been surveyed. The field
survey has been done for winter season during October 2007 to January
2008.
Based on these primary and secondary data, the existing environmental
scenario along the proposed pipeline is covered in this chapter.
3.1
METEOROLOGY
The meteorological parameters play a vital role in transport and dispersion
of pollutants in the atmosphere. The collection and analysis of
meteorological data, therefore, is an essential component of environmental
impact assessment studies. The long term and short term impact
assessment could be made through utilization and interpretation of
meteorological data collected over long and short periods.
Since the meteorological parameters exhibit significant variation in time and
space, meaningful interpretation can only be done through a careful
analysis of reliable data collected very close to the site.
Historical climatological data on meteorological parameters (for the period
1951-1980) were recorded at Gurgaon Observatory, Haryana, located at
about 50 km in east direction of the project. The data have been used to
establish general synoptic regime of the study area while meteorological data
recorded at site during the monitoring period used for interpretation of the
baseline scenario as well as for prediction model for ambient air quality.
3.1.1 Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions
3.1.1.1
Summary of Climatological Observations
Table 3.1 presents the summary of climatological observations recorded at
Gurgaon Observatory, New Delhi during 1951-1980, with respect to
significant parameters. The observatory records the meteorological
parameters twice a day at 08.30 and 17.30 hours IST. The temporal
distributions of maximum-minimum temperatures, rainfall and wind speed
are presented in the table.
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3.1.1.2
Summary of Meteorological Observations at Gurgaon Observatory
Temperature
It is observed that from February, the ambient temperature gradually rises
till May, which is the hottest month of the year with a maximum and
minimum of 40.5°C and 23.7 °C, respectively. The lowest temperature
recorded was –0.4°C on December 05, 1966 and the highest was 49°C on
May 10, 1966. The annual mean of maximum and minimum temperature
was 31.8°C and 16.8 °C, respectively.
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TABLE 3.1. CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE OF GURGAON OBSERVATORY (1951-1980)
AIR TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
MEAN
MONTH
Extremes
High
Dail est in
Dry Wet Daily
y
the
Bulb Bulb Max
Min Mont
h
Lowe
st in
High
the
est
Mont
h
OCTOBE I 24.2 18.9 33.7 17.4 36.7 12.9
R
II 31 20.8
NOVEMB I 17.3 13.1
ER
II 25.8 16.8
29
10.3 32.8
5.5
38
No.
Relativ
Date
Date
Vapour
of
Lowe
e
All
Low Monthl
and
and
Pressu
Rain
st
humidit
Clouds Clouds y Total
Year
Year
re
y
y
Days
3
9.8
1974
38.4
6
2.6
1974
DECEMB I 11.3 8.6 23.2 5.6 27.9
ER
II 20.5 13.6
2.1
I 10.2 7.8 21.5
1.1
5
25.5
32.5
6
-0.4
1978
28
Humidity
CLOUD
AMOUNT
29
0
31
59
17.9
0.8
0.4
11.7
1974
37
16.5
1.2
0.7
28
59
11.9
1
0.6
1969
37
12.3
1
0.5
5
68
9.4
1.7
0.8
1966
42
10.4
1.9
0.7
11
71
8.9
2.3
1.3
1971
43
9.6
2.4
1.1
62
17.9
2.3
1.3
42
17.4
2.7
1.5
14
13
11
11
16
14
37
71
13
8.9
17.9
11
0.8
2.4
11
0.4
1.5
3.5
14.4
0.8
Total
Wettest
Month
with
Year
53.8
Total
Mea
Heavie
Driest
Date n
st Fall
Month
and Wind
in 24
With
Year Spee
Hours
Year
d
0
46
1975
6
0.3
44.8
0.6
69.5
0
44.8
1.5
29.2
27
3.4
1972
0
30
1967
14.6
3.7
1978
1972
3.5
2
24
3.3
1967
0
22.6
1
3.7
JANUARY
II 19.3 12.8
ANNUAL
TOTAL
OR
MEAN
NUMBER
OF
YEARS
1969
I 22.4 17.6 31.8 16.8 46.1
0.8
49
-0.4
II 29.5 20.2
I
14
II 14
14
15
14
15
15
15
14
Min 21.5 5 25.5 1.1 28
Max 33.7 17.4 36.7 12.9 38.4
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2
1978
-0.4
1
9.8 1974
1977
743
1975
34.8 1698.2 631.3
282.2
5.4
13
1978
1972
16
16
16
16
0.3
34.8
29.2
1977
0
1979
22.6
44.8
1
3.3
1978 3.7
14
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Relative Humidity
The annual relative humidity of the area varies from 22 to 81%, the lowest
being in the month of May and maximum in the month of August. Relative
humidity remains high during July and august i.e. monsoon. The annual
mean varies from 62% to 42%.
Rainfall
Normal rainfall is received during monsoon i.e. July to August. The
average annual rainfall is 743 mm with about 34.6 rainy days in a year.
The rainiest month is July and the driest month is December.
Wind Speed
Analysis of wind records during 1951 – 1980 shows that the winds are
generally light to moderate in this area. It can be seen that the annual
mean wind speed is 5.4km/h. The strongest winds are observed during
May – June i.e. Summer Season and the weakest i.e. NovemberDecember.
3.1.2 Methodology of Data Generation
During study, a continuous automatic weather monitoring station was
established at site to record wind speed, wind Direction, relative humidity
and temperature at 2 m and 10 m above ground. Atmospheric pressure was
recorded twice a day at 0830 and 1730 hrs. Cumulative rainfall was
monitored by rain gauge on daily basis. This station is in operation since
November, 2007 and the present report incorporates the data from
November, 2007 to January, 2008.
The methodology adopted for monitoring meteorological observations is as
per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards and the
India Meteorological Department (IMD). Hourly maximum, minimum and
average values of wind speed, direction and temperature are recorded
continuously at site. The brief details of instruments, parameters and
frequency are presented in Table 3.2.
3.1.3 Meteorological Observation at Site
A fully instrumented continuous recording meteorological observatory is
established and operated at IOCL site from October 2007. The parameters
are being monitored at site ia given in Table 3.2. The aforesaid
meteorological parameters shall be monitored over a period of 3 months
starting from October 2007. Meteorological data from November 2007 to
January 2008 have been considered for EIA. The meteorological data
recorded at site are given in Table 3.2.
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Table 3.2. Instruments, Parameters and Frequency For
Meteorological Monitoring At Site
S.N.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Parameters
Wind Speed
Wind Direction
Ambient
Temperature at two
heights 2m & 10m
Max.
&
Min
Temperature
Humidity
Atmospheric
Pressure
Rainfall
Storm
Instruments
Frequency
Automatic
Weather
Continuous Automatic 1
station
(Envirotech
hourly Average
WM 251)
Wet & Dry
Thermometer
Bulb Daily at 08:30 & 17:30
IST
Daily at 08:30 & 17:30
Hygrometer
IST
Daily at 08:30 & 17:30
Aneroid Barometer
IST
Rain Gauge
Daily
Visual observation
Daily
The analysis of the field observations is given below:
Table 3.3. Meteorological Data Recorded at Site (November 2007 to January
2008)
93.0 54.6
0.0
0.0
989
986
0.0
Dec
7.1 29.5 16.3 38.0
79.5 50.7
0.0
0.0
990
988
0.0
Jan
7.1 29.1 15.8 42.0
59.9 49.8
0.0
0.0
990
988
0.0
3.1.3.1
Max
13.
4.2
4
13.
3.2
0
13.
3.2
0
Ambient Temperature
The observed seasonal minimum, maximum and average temperature
was 7.10C, 34.90C and 18.50C, respectively.
3.1.3.2
Relative Humidity
The seasonal minimum, maximum and average relative humidity during
the study period were 5.5%, 79.5% and 42.8%respectively.
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Mean
Min
5.5
Min
Rainy
Days
Total
Rainfall,
mm
8.5 34.9 20.6
Max
Mean
Nov
Min
Monthly
average
At 17:30
Wind Speed,
km/hr
At 08:30
Month
Rainfall
Max
Relative
Humidity, %
Temperature, °C
Monthly
Mean Atm
Pressure,
KPA
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3.1.3.3
Barometric Pressure
The minimum and maximum monthly atmospheric pressure was 986 and
990 KPA respectively at 17.30hrs and 08:30hrs.
3.1.3.4
Rainfall
The total monthly rainfall during the study period was 0.0 mm.
3.1.3.5
Wind Speed
Analysis of hourly wind speed shows that the winds are generally light to
moderate in this area. The monthly mean wind speed varied from 0.0 to
13.4 km/hr respectively and calm condition existed for 0.5% of the time.
3.1.3.6
Wind Pattern
The windrose diagram for pre monsoon season has been drawn on the
basis of hourly wind speed and direction data. During these months the
wind directions were W (14.1%), and NNW (6.0%), WNW (5.8%) and
WSW (5.4%). The calm situation prevailed 53.7% of the time. The
seasonal wind rose diagram at site is shown in Figure 3.1.
3.2
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at five locations within
the 15 km radius around the proposed pipeline terminal at Tikri kalan.The
purpose of the estimation of background pollutant concentration was to
assess the impact of the proposed project on the ambient air quality. The
parameters chosen for assessment of air quality were Respirable
Particulate Matter (RPM), Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sulphur
Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).
3.2.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study
Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM) including Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)
were the major pollutants associated with proposed project. Carbon
Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) were minor pollutants, which are
usually ignored because of their low emission quantities as well as their
extremely low concentrations in rural areas.
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Figure3.1. Seasonal Wind-rose at IOCL Tikri Kalan Site
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3.2.1.1
Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established
through field monitoring data on total suspended particulate matters
(TSPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur di-oxide (SO2)
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at five locations within the study area.
The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected
based on the following considerations using climatalogical data of
Gurgaon.




Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale;
Topography of the study area;
Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status;
and
Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas.
The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the proposed
plant site is given in Table 3.4 and shown in Figure 3.2.
Table 3.4. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
Sl.No
Location
Distance (Km)
Direction
IOCL Bottling Plant
Sampling
Points
AQ 1
1
0.0
Core Zone
2
3
4
5
Asauda Sewan
Puth Kurd
Uttam Nagar
Najafgarh
AQ 2
AQ 3
AQ 4
AQ 5
13.5
11.7
9.8
10.5
NW
NE
ES
SW
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out on 24 hour basis with a
frequency of per days at all five locations.
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EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
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77°7'50"
28°48'10"
76°48'10"
28°48'10"
un
ga
sh
pu
r
in
ra
D
N
Ba
wa
na
Dr
ain
Kateora Nangal Thakhuran
Qutabgarh
Bawana
Khor Jat
Ladrawan
M
AQ3
Khor Punjab
Khairpur
Chandpur Kalan
Ladpur
nn
el
rth
Barahi
e rn
Water
Su
pp
ly C
ha
No
Ra
i lw
Garhi Rindhala
ay
Nizampur
Sauda
Rashidpur
Gurgaon
M un
Kasar
gash
pu r
n
ai
Dr
Haryana Urban
Dev. Authority
Rajivnagar
Kanjhawala
Rohini
Rama Vihar
Madanpur Dabas
Budh Vihar
Agarnagar
Ranikera
Mangolpuri
Pitampura
Sultanpuri
Rani Bagh
AQ1
15 km
ar
h
M
in
a
r
Tandaheri Sarai Aurangabad
ha
du
Ba
an
ia
D
r
Jharoda Kalan
Baba Haridas
Dr
ai
n
Enclave
Vinoba Enclave
h
Na
jaf
AQ5
NAJAFGARH
Rajeev Colony
AQ4
Harinagar
Mayapuri
UTTAM NAGAR
Bharat Vihar Lajwanti Garden
Bindapur
la
Sagarpur
Na
da
an
Palam
Dwarka G
Dwarka
Jafarpur Kalan Kharkhari Nahar
Samaspur Khalsa Khera Dabar
Taipur Khurd
Ojwah
Qutab Vihar
Reola
Khanpur
Khrakhari Raund
Pindwala Khurd
28°33'10"
76°48'10"
National Highway
Road
Forest
Drain
Nihal ViharNajafgar
Gurudyal Vihar Chanden Vihar Jnata Colony
Tagore Garden
Siv Vihar
Tilaknagar
Vikaspuri
Vikasnagar
Baprola
Kaushal Minar Ashoknagar
ga
Jafarpur Kalan
Mandhela Khurd
Punjabi Bagh
rh
Gangarwah
Luksar
up
ur
r
na
Mi
Shahpur
iB
hp
a
an
as
ur
lth
ud
ng
hp
rk
ku
h
Ch
Mu
Su
Desalpur
ain
Drain
rg
Tikrikalan
Dabauda Kalan
Nunamajra
Lowah Khurd
Pehladpur Bangar
Mundka Branch D
is
Asauda Sewan
Nangloi Drain
Kanaunda
ry
AQ2
trib
uta
Kulasi
Puth Kurd
28°33'10"
77°7'50"
Scale
0
3
6
9
12
15km
District Boundary
Drain
Railway
Air Monitoring Stations
Figure 3.2. Ambient Air Quality Sampling Locations of the Study Area
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EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
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3.2.1.2
Sampling and Analytical Techniques
Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments were used
for monitoring Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), Respirable
fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO 2 and NOx. Table
3.5 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.
Table3.5. Techniques Used For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
Parameters
Technique
Technical
Protocol
Total Suspended Respirable Dust Sampler IS-5182
Particulate Matter (Gravimetric method)
IV)
Respirable
Particulate Matter
Sulphur Dioxide
Nitrogen Oxide
Respirable Dust Sampler
(Gravimetric method)
West and Gaeke
Jacob & Hochheiser
(Part-
IS-5182 (PartIV)
IS-5182 (Part-II)
IS-5182 (PartVI)
Minimum
Detectable Limit
(ug/m3)
10.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse
and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal
forces acting on the solid particles and these particles fall through the
cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at
the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable particulate
matter (RPM) passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A
tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for
sampling air through a set of impingers for containing absorbing solutions
for SO2 and NOx. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 liters
per minute.
TSPM and RPM have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified
West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for
estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-IV, 1975)
has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been
prepared for all gaseous pollutants.
3.2.2 Presentation of Results
The results of ambient air quality monitoring for the period Nov, 2007- Jan.
2008 are presented in Table 3.6.Various parameters like maximum,
minimum and average have been computed from the monitored data for
all the locations and results presented.
Particulate Matter:
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During study period, the maximum value for SPM is observed at
Najagafgarh, as 306 µg/m3 while 24 hours applicable limit is 500 µg/m3 for
industrial and mixed use areas. High SPM levels may be due to wind
blown dust due to traffic and dust arising from the unpaved village roads.
The area observes RPM in the range of 232-322 µg/m3, with maximum
345 µg/m3 at Najafgarh.
SO2
During the study period, the values for SO2 are observed to be up to 8
µg/m3 at Najafgarh . Considering the landuse in the study area, SO2
pollution is often of mixed origin (traffic and domestic fuel burning).
Relatively lower concentrations of SO2 were observed at all the sampling
locations when compared to the standard limit of 120µg/m 3 for industrial
and mixed use areas.
NOx:
The levels in all the stations show relatively higher values of NOx. The
maximum values of NOx observed were 38 µg/m3 at Najafgarh whereas;
the standard limit is of 120 µg/m3 for industrial and mixed-use areas.
Table3.6. Ambient Air Quality around proposed
24 hourly concentration in micrograms per cubic meter
SPM (g/m3)
Max
Av
98
.
g.
Per
Location
IOCL Bottling
Plant
Asauda Sewan
291
261
255.8
235
212
207.8
Puth Kurd
212
187
183.3
Uttam Nagar
213
198
Najafgarh
306
293
CPCB
Standards
Industrial
Res/Mix use
3.2.2.1
3.3
500
200
194.0
4
287.1
4
RPM(g/m3)
Ma
Av
98
x.
g.
Per
227.3
263 232
6
198 184 180.3
140.1
157 143
4
SO2(g/m3)
Ma
Av
98
x.
g.
Per
NOX(g/m3)
Ma
Av
98
x.
g.
Per
7
6
5.9
35
28
27
6
5
4.9
23
20
19.6
7
5
4.9
25
18
17.64
236
218
213.6
8
6
5.9
34
31
30.38
345
322
315.6
9
8
7.8
4
38
34
33.32
150
100
120
80
120
80
Status of Ambient Air Quality around the Project Site

The concentrations of RPM, TSPM, SO2 and NOx are well within the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for industrial areas.

The location wise analysis reveals similar trends of variation in air
pollutants level at IOCL Bottling Plant, Asauda Sewan, Puth Kurd,
Uttam Nagar, and Najafgarh. The comparatively higher concentration
at Najafgarh may be due to the local activities.
NOISE
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Noise in general is sound, which is composed of many frequency
components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency
range. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A
weighted scale which is measured as dB(A). This is more suitable for
audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz and has been designed to weigh various
components of noise according to the response of a human ear.
The environmental assessment of noise from the industrial activity,
construction activity, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into
consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing,
physiological responses, and annoyance and general community
responses.
3.3.1 Objective
The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish
the baseline noise levels in different zones. i.e. Residential, Industrial,
Commercial and Silence zones, in the surrounding areas and to assess
the total noise level in the environment of the study area.
3.3.2 Methodology
Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major
noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified
considering location of industry, commercial shopping complex activities,
residential areas with various traffic activity and sensitive areas like
hospital, court, temple and schools also near the railway track for railway
noise.
The noise monitoring was conducted at ten locations in the study area
during December 2006. 10 sampling locations were selected for the
sampling of noise, out of which five are residential areas, three are
commercial area and rest two is Silence zone. The noise monitoring
locations are given in Table 3.7 and the locations are depicted in Figure
3.3.
Equivalent sound pressure level (Leq)
The sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period
of time. Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent
to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the
same time period.
Instrument Used for Monitoring
Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter
manufactured by Cygnet (Model No. 2031). It had an indicating mode of
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Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the
corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighting set the
sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all
locations.
Table 3.7. Noise Level Monitoring Stations In The Study Area
Code
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
Locations
IOCL Bottling
Plant
Rajiv Nagar
Near Tikri
Kalan
NajafGarh
Uttam Nagar
Nizampura
Rasidpur
Asauda
Sewan
Bawana
Shalpur
Tilaknagar
Direction
Distance in
(km)
Core Zone
0.0
NE
9.2
SW
1.3
SW
ES
10.5
9.8
NW
2.7
NW
13.5
NE
SW
ES
12.7
14.7
12.7
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76°48'10"
28°48'10"
77°7'50"
28°48'10"
n
ai
ur
u
p
sh
r
D
N
Kateora
Nangal Thakhuran
Bawana
ain
M
a
ng
na
Dr
Qutabgarh
wa
N8
Ba
Khor Jat
Ladrawan
Khor Punjab
Khairpur
Puth Kurd
Kanaunda
N7
Chandpur Kalan
ha
nn
el
Asauda Sewan
r th
N6
Barahi
er
n
Water
Su
pp
ly C
No
Kanjhawala
gash
pur
D
Mangolpuri
Punjabi Bagh
Nihal Vihar
Jharoda Kalan
n
ur
r
na
Mi
Shahpur
hp
as
ur
Baba Haridas
Enclave
lt
ku
Dr
ai
n
Vinoba Enclave
Mandhela Khurd
ga
rh
Dr a
in
N4
jaf
Jafarpur Kalan
Na
Gangarwah
Luksar
Baprola
NAJAFGARH
Siv Vihar
Vikasnagar Vikaspuri
N5
Drain
Najafgarh
Jnata Colony
Chanden Vihar Tagore Garden
Gurudyal Vihar
in
ra
D
ng
hp
da
hu
Ch
nia
Mu
rk
ha
a
up
iB
Pitampura
Rani Bagh
Nangloi Drain
in
ar
Ba
ha
du
rg
ar
h
M
N1
N3 Tikrikalan
Su
N9
Rohini
Budh Vihar
Agarnagar
15 km Sultanpuri
Haryana Urban
Sarai Aurangabad
Tandaheri
Dev. Authority
Lowah Khurd
Desalpur
N2
Ranikera Agarnagar
in
ra
Kasar
Dabauda Kalan
Nunamajra
Rajivnagar
Madanpur Dabas
Nizampur
Sauda
Rashidpur
M un
Pehladpur Bangar
Rama Vihar
Garhi Rindhala
Ra
ilw
a
y
Gurgaon
Ladpur
Mundka Branch D
istr
ibu
tary
Kulasi
Kaushal Minar
Tilaknagar
Ashoknagar
N10Harinagar
UTTAM NAGAR
Mayapuri
Lajwanti Garden
Bharat Vihar Bindapur
la Sagarpur
Na
nd
Ga
Dwarka
a
Palam
Rajeev Colony
Dwarka
Jafarpur Kalan
Samaspur Khalsa
Kharkhari Nahar Taipur Khurd
Khera Dabar
Ojwah
Qutab Vihar
Reola Khanpur
Khrakhari Raund
Pindwala Khurd
28°33'10"
76°48'10"
LEGEND
National Highway
28°33'10"
77°7'50"
Scale
0
3
6
9
12
15km
Road
Forest
District Boundary
Drain
Railway
Noise Monitoring Station
______________________________________________________________________________________
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Figure 3.3. Noise Quality Monitoring Stations
There are different types of fields for measuring the ambient noise level, e
categorized as free field, near field and far field.
Free Field
The free field is defined as a region where sound wave propagates without
obstruction from source to the receiver. In such case, the inverse square
law can be applied so that the sound pressure level decreases by 6dB (A)
as the distance is doubled.
Near Field
The near field is defined as that region close to the source where the
inverse square law does not apply. Usually this region is located within a
few wavelengths from the source.
Far Field
The far field is defined as that region which is at a distance of more than 1meter from the source.
3.3.3 Parameters Measured
The important parameters to be measured are L eq, Lday, and Lnight .
Leq: Latest noise monitoring equipments have the facility for
measurement of Leq directly. However, Leq can also be calculated using
the following equation:
Leq (hrly) = L50 + (L10 - L90)2 / 60
where,
L10 (Ten Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding
10% of the total time of measurement.
L50 (Fifty Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding
50% of the total time of measurement.
L90 (Ninety Percentile Exceeding Level) is the level of sound exceeding
90% of the total time of measurement.
Lday : This represents Leq of daytime. Lday is calculated as Logarithmic
average using the hourly Leq’s for day time hours from 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m
______________________________________________________________________________________
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Lnight: This represents Leq of night time. Lnight is calculated as Logarithmic
average using the hourly Leq’s for nighttime hours from 10.00p.m to
6.00a.m.
Method of Monitoring
Noise monitoring was carried out continuously for 24-hours with one hour
interval. During each hour parameters like L10, L50, L90 and Leq were
directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels.
Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ weighting and in fast response mode.
3.3.4 Result and Discussions
The hourly L10, L50, L90, and Leq values for all the locations and the
summary of computed noise level parameters like L day,and Lnight, were
monitored in December, 2007 and are presented in Table 3.8 and Table
3.9.
Table 3.8. Hourly Leq Noise Level in the Study Area
Times
in
Hours
06 – 07
07 – 08
08 – 09
09 – 10
10 – 11
11 - 12
12 – 13
13 – 14
14 – 15
15 – 16
16 – 17
17 – 18
18 – 19
19 – 20
20 – 21
21 – 22
22 – 23
23 – 24
00 – 01
01 - 02
02 – 03
03 – 04
04 – 05
Location code
N1
N2
N3
41.3 40.2 43.3
42.5 41.7 46.7
45.6 44.6 49.7
44.9 43.7 48.9
46.2 45.9 46.3
45.7 43.5 45.7
46.8 44.7 47.8
47.2 43.7 48.9
46.7 44.6 47.8
45.9 42.9 48.7
46.2 45.8 46.3
45.7 41.6 44.7
44.7 41.3 42.8
42.3 39.9 40.3
39.8 39.6 39.7
38.7 38.4 38.6
37.5 34.7 37.4
35.4 33.2 37.8
35.7 34.6 38.2
35.6 33.9 36.7
36.3 35.4 36.3
35.9 35.7 35.2
38.7 39.3 39.1
N4
41.7
44.3
45.7
44.2
43.8
42.9
43.7
44.8
43.7
42.9
44.5
45.9
43.2
42.7
43.4
39.4
36.1
35.5
34.7
34.9
33.7
33.8
38.9
N5
42.5
43.7
48.7
49.9
47.2
45.3
44.8
43.8
45.1
44.3
43.7
44.3
42.8
39.6
39.9
37.7
34.2
34.6
33.7
34.3
32.7
35.8
36.4
N6
44.3
49.8
51.4
49.7
52.4
47.3
48.3
46.1
49.8
49.3
51.7
52.4
46.3
42.8
38.4
37.5
35.7
35.3
35.4
33.2
33.4
34.7
39.4
N7
54.7
52.3
49.7
45.3
46.7
48.9
46.3
45.3
51.7
52.9
53.9
48.6
45.3
41.8
42.3
39.8
38.9
37.8
36.9
36.5
35.3
34.9
35.1
N8
43.1
47.9
52.8
51.4
52.4
49.8
49.2
51.3
53.5
48.7
52.4
53.5
47.8
43.8
39.6
37.5
36.2
35.8
35.7
34.8
35.9
35.1
39.7
N9
53.9
51.3
46.2
44.2
49.3
43.7
42.5
43.5
40.5
43.5
42.5
41.5
40.3
39.7
38.6
36.2
35.3
34.7
35.2
34.1
33.4
34.1
38.7
N10
42.1
44.5
46.3
45.3
44.3
42.1
43.2
42.7
41.8
42.8
43.1
40.2
39.9
38.4
38.1
37.3
36.2
35.1
34.2
34.8
33.7
32.8
33.9
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05 – 06 39.3
Averag
e
41.9
39.9
41.8
39.2
38.5
41.5
52.7
40.2
49.5
41.7
40.4
42.9
41.0
41.0
43.6
44.7
44.5
41.4
39.8
Table-3.9. Ambient Noise Level in the Study Area
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
Daytime
45.8 48.9 45.7 48.7 52.4 53.9 53.5
43.5 46.3 43.7 44.3 49.3 48.6 49.8
39.6 39.7 41.7 39.6 38.4 41.8 39.6
44.1 47.7 44.0 45.7 52.6 51.0 53.0
N9
N10
51.3
43.5
38.6
46.2
45.3
42.7
38.1
43.6
39.9
35.4
33.9
36.0
37.4
38.2
36.3
38.2
39.2
35.5
33.8
36.0
34.2
35.8
33.7
35.8
35.7
35.4
33.4
35.5
38.9
36.5
35.1
36.7
36.2
34.8
39.7
35.0
35.3
35.2
34.1
35.2
36.2
34.8
33.7
34.9
Leq Day & Night
Ldn 45.3 43.0
46.5
42.8
44.5
51.4
49.9
51.8
45.0
42.4
N1
L10
L50
L90
Ld
46.8
45.7
39.8
46.5
Nighttime
L10 39.3
L50 36.3
L90 35.6
Ln 36.5
3.3.5
Noise Standards
The ambient air quality standards in respect of noise have been stipulated
by Govt. of India vide Gazette notification dated. 14.2.2000. Table 3.10
describes ambient noise standards.
Table 3.10. Ambient Air Quality Standards
In Respect of Noise*
Area
Code
Category of Area
A
B
C
D
Industrial Area
Commercial Area
Residential Area
Silence Zone @
Limits in dB(A), Leq
** Day time
75
65
55
50
#Night time
70
55
45
40
* Environment (Protection) Third Amendment Rules, 2000. Gazette
Notification Government of India, dated 14.2.2000.
**Day Time: 6.00a.m to 10.00p.m.
#Night Time: 10.00p.m to 6.00a.m.
@ Silence zone is defined as an area upto 100 meters around such
premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence
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zones are to be declared by the competent authority; Use of vehicular
horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these
zones.
3.3.6 Results and Discussion
The noise data compiled on noise levels is given in Table 3.8.. The hourly
noise levels varied from 36.2 to 54.7 dB(A) during daytime and 32.8 to 41.7
dB(A) during night dime. The daytime Leq (Ld) varied from 43.6 to 52.4
dB(A) and the nighttime Leq (Ln) from 34.9 to 36.7 dB(A) within the study
area.
Ld and Ln within the residential areas varied from 44.0 to 47.7 dB(A) and
35.2 to 38.7 dB(A) respectively, which iwas well within the prescribed limit of
MoEF. Within the commercial area, Ld varied from 51.0 to 53.0 dB(A) is
well within the MoEF standards. The noise level was mainly due to the
movement of goods carriers, public transportation system and railway within
the commercial zone. The Ln within the commercial area varied from 35.0 to
36.7 dB(A) well within the standards of MoEF. While the Ld and Ln of
silence zone iwas 45.2 and 33.4 dB(A) which was within the prescribed limit
of MoEF. The noise level was mainly due to crossing of traffic movement
near by silence zone sampling site (School).
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3.4 Water Environment
3.4.1
Surface Water Hydrology
There are no natural water bodies within the study area.
3.4.2 Ground Water Hydrology
In the study area, ground water occurs under semi-confined and confined
aquifer conditions. The quality of ground water at Tikri Kalan is saline
because of seepage from network of canals and lack of proper drainage
system.
The depth of water table in the study area ranges between 1.28 and
20.35 meters below ground level (June 2000, Source: CGWB).
3.4.3 Selection of Sampling Locations
The assessment of present status of water quality within the study area
was conducted by collecting water from ground water sources and surface
water sources during November, 2007 to January, 2008. The sampling
locations were identified on the basis of their importance. Five ground
water samples and one surface water samples were collected every
month. The locations of sampling stations for ground water and surface
water are shown in Figure 3.4. Details of sampling locations, their distance
and direction from the proposed plant site are presented in Table 3.11.
Table 3.11 Water Quality Sampling Locations
Station
Code
Location
SW 1
GW1
Najafgarh Drain
IOCL Bottling Plant
GW2
GW3
GW4
GW5
Najafgarh
HUDA
Uttam Nagar
Rajiv Nagar
Locations with respect to
site
Distance ( Km)
Direction
13.5
NW
0.0
Core
Zone
10.5
SW
11.7
NE
9.8
ES
9.2
NE
Description
Surface Water
Core Zone
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
Ground Water
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28°48'10"
76°48'10"
77°7'50"
28°48'10"
un
p
sh
ga
ur
D
N
Kateora
Nangal Thakhuran
Bawana
ain
M
in
ra
Ba
wa
na
Dr
Qutabgarh
Khor Jat
Ladrawan
Khor Punjab
Khairpur
Kanaunda
Chandpur Kalan
Ladpur
Barahi
he
rn
r
Su
pp
ly
Ch
No
rt
Wate
Rajivnagar
Rohini
Rama Vihar
Garhi Rindhala
Madanpur Dabas
Budh Vihar
Nizampur
Sauda
Agarnagar
MunRashidpur
in
gash
pur ra
RanikeraAgarnagar
D
Ra
ilw
ay
Gurgaon
Kanjhawala
Pehladpur Bangar
Kasar
Mangolpuri
Pitampura
Rani Bagh
15 km Sultanpuri
GW1
ar
h
M
in
ar
Tandaheri
Haryana Urban
Dev. Authority
Nangloi Drain
an
ne
l
Asauda Sewan
ibu
tary
Puth Kurd
Mundka Branch D
istr
Kulasi
rg
Ba
ha
du
iB
up
an
ia
r
na
Mi
Shahpur
Gangarwah
Luksar Mandhela Khurd
in
Jharoda Kalan
Baba Haridas
Enclave
Vinoba Enclave
GW2
gar
h
ur
a
lth
an
Jafarpur Kalan
NAJAFGARH
GW5
Rajeev Colony
Jafarpur Kalan
Kharkhari Nahar
Samaspur Khalsa Khera Dabar
Ojwah
SW1
in
hp
ku
ud
Drain
Najafgarh
Jnata Colony
Gurudyal Vihar
Chanden Vihar
Tagore
Garden
Siv Vihar
Vikasnagar Vikaspuri Tilaknagar
Baprola
Kaushal Minar Ashoknagar
pur
Dr
a
D ra
rk
Desalpur
h
Ch
Punjabi Bagh
Nihal Vihar
gash
Su
Lowah Khurd
Mun
in
ra
D
j af
Nunamajra
Tikrikalan
GW3
Na
Dabauda Kalan
GW4
Harinagar
UTTAM NAGAR
Mayapuri
Lajwanti Garden
Bindapur
Bharat Vihar
la
Dwarka
nd
Ga
a
aN
Sagarpur
Palam
Dwarka
Taipur Khurd
Qutab Vihar
Reola Khanpur
Khrakhari Raund
Pindwala Khurd
28°33'10"
76°48'10"
28°33'10"
77°7'50"
LEGEND
National Highway
Road
Forest
Scale
0
3
6
9
12
15km
District Boundary
Drain
Railway
Surface Water Sampling Station
Ground Water Sampling Stations
Figure 3.4. Water Quality Monitoring Stations
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3.4.4 Methodology
Water samples were collected from all the sampling locations and
analysed for relevant physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters.
Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out as per established
standard methods and procedures, prescribed by CPCB, relevant IS
Codes and Standard Methods of Examination of Water. This report
presents data for the four months’ period (Nov, 2007 – Jan, 2008) while
the sampling and analysis shall continue for one year.
Analysis of the parameters like temperature; pH, dissolved oxygen and
alkalinity were carried out at the sampling stations immediately after
collection of samples with the help of Field Analysis Kits. For analysis of
other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to laboratory
at Noida. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium,
chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed
with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.
3.4.5 Ground Water Quality
The monitoring data for the months of Nov, 2007-Jan, 2008 is presented in
Table 3.12.a and Table 3.12.b The physico-chemical characteristics of
Ground water are very good, conforming to drinking water standards,
prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water) except for
bacteriological contamination. This can be used as drinking water after
conventional treatment and disinfection.
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Table 3.12.a Ground Water and drain water characteristics
S. No.
Parameter
Units of
Measurements
IOCL Delhi
Najafgarh
Drain
GW 1
SW 1
7.9
7.99
19
19.2
1.
pH
2.
Temperature
0
3.
Conductivity
micro mhos/cm
320
2200
4.
Total Suspended Solids
mg/l
16
32
5.
Total Dissolved Solids
mg/l
200
1270
6.
Alkalinity as (CaCo3)
mg/l
95
519
7.
Total Hardness as (CaCo3)
mg/l
96
428
8.
Calcium as (CaCo3)
mg/l
72
284
9.
Magnesium as (CaCo3)
mg/l
24
144
10.
Sodium
mg/l
20
280
11.
Potassium
mg/l
4
35
12.
Chloride
mg/l
14
401
13.
Phosphate
mg/l
0.09
0.2
14.
Sulphate
mg/l
42
57
15.
Nitrate
mg/l
3.8
BDL
16.
Oil &Grease
mg/l
BDL
BDL
17.
Chemical Oxygen Demand
mg/l
BDL
100
18.
Biological Oxygen Demand
mg/l
BDL
56
19.
Total Coliform
MPN/100ml
BDL
940
20.
Faecal Coliform
MPN/100ml
BDL
110
21.
Iron
mg/l
BDL
BDL
C
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Table 3.12.b Ground Water Characteristics
S. No.
Najafgarh
HUDA
Uttam Nagar
Rajiv Nagar
GW 2
GW 3
GW 4
GW 5
7.87
7.45
7.2
6.9
Parameter
1.
pH
2.
Temperature
19
21
20
20
3.
Conductivity
4080
3100
2850
3000
4.
Total Suspended
Solids
14
17
18
15
5.
Total Dissolved Solids
2400
1900
1700
1850
6.
Alkalinity as (CaCo3)
893
756
812
429
7.
Total Hardness as
(CaCo3)
168
145
189
162
8.
Calcium as (CaCo3)
74
62
87
65
9.
Magnesium as
(CaCo3)
94
85
56
71
10.
Sodium
690
658
539
743
11.
Potassium
38
42
30
53
12.
Chloride
704
662
613
632
13.
Phosphate
0.24
0.19
0.23
0.19
14
Sulphate
291
153
212
193
15.
Nitrate
BDL
1.2
BDL
BDL
16.
Oil &Grease
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
17.
Chemical Oxygen
Demand
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
18.
Biological Oxygen
Demand
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
19.
Total Coliform
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
20.
Faecal Coliform
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
21.
Iron
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
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3.5 Land Environment
Land is the most vital resource for sustenance of life. Its degradation, due
to industrialization, urbanization and population growth is a matter of
concern. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the existing land use
pattern to optimize the land use as well as minimize degradation due to
the developmental activities.
3.5.1 Objectives of the Study
The objectives of the present study are:
 To map the study area with respect to various land use/land cover
categories
 To identify the sensitive areas within 15 km radius around the project
site.
3.5.2 Methodology
The land use pattern has been established based on Census Data of 2001
and interpretation of Satellite Imageries of the study area with limited
ground truth verifications. Ground and ancillary information have been
used to identify the sensitive places within 15 km radius of the proposed
plant. The land use map has been developed based on the satellite
imagery.
3.5.3 Land Use Classification Based on Satellite Data of the Year 2007
Land use classification of the study area with respect to major land use
categories are presented in Table 3.13 and Figure 3.5 and Annexure-I.
Table-3.13: Land Use / Land Cover Classification System
S.N.
1.
2.
3.5.3.1
Level 1
Built – up Land (Settlement)
Agricultural Land
3.
Waste Land
4.
Water Bodies
Level 2
Rural
Cultivable Land
Fallow
Plantation
Water Logged
Marsh
River/ Canal / Water bodies
Built-Up Land
All the residential settlement mainly villages covering about 146607.29
harea and more are included in these categories. This settlement is
scattered in the study area with LPG Bottling Plant near Tikri Kalan its
vicinity.
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3.5.3.2
Agricultural Land
Agricultural land is one of the major constituents of the study area
511754.0355 Ha(72.38%), which indicates considerable agricultural
practices in the area. The cropped land (as on the data of satellite
imagery) comprises about 431182.944 Ha (11.397%) of the study area.
The lands without crop but suitable for cultivation comprise of 80571.0915
ha i.e. almost 11.4% of the study area.
3.5.3.3
Plantation
There are small, scattered patches of plantation present in the study area
that covers an area of about 21505.42 Ha i.e. 3.042%.
3.5.3.4
Waste Lands
The study area has least wasteland comprising of 13424.98 ha i.e. 1.89%
of the study area.
3.5.3.5
Water Bodies
This comprises are of tank and well etc. Area under water bodies is
13658.27 Ha (1.93%).There are a few dry ponds and reservoirs that
are mostly rainfall.
Table-3.14: Land Use Pattern of The Study Area Based on Satellite Imagery
(Year 2007)
S.N.
1.
a)
b)
2.
3.
4.
5.
Class
Agriculture
Cropped Land (With Crop)
Cropped Land ( without
crop)
Settlements
Waste Land
Plantation
Water Bodies( Drain/
Pond / Tank/ Well)
Total
511754.04
431182.94
80571.09
% of the Study
Area
72.39
60.99
11.39
146607.291
13424.98
21505.42
13658.27
20.74
1.89
3.042
1.93
706950.00
100.00
Area in Ha.
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N
Fig. 3.5 : Land Use Pattern at The Study Area
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3.5.4 Land Use Classification Based on Census Data
The land use pattern of villages based on census data of 2001 is given in
Table-3.15 and Figure 3.6.
Table-3.15: Land Use Pattern of Villages in the Study Area based on Census
Data
Land Use Classification
Forest
Agricultural Land
i.
Irrigated
ii.
Un-irrigated
Area not available
cultivation
Cultivable Waste Land
Area,
Hectare
Nil
% of Study
Area
Nil
12432.6
2396.99
59.90
11.55
4481.99
21.6
1443.15
6.95
for
The table shows that there is no forest area within the study area. The
irrigated and un-irrigated agricultural lands are 59.90% and 11.55%,
respectively. The percentage of cultivable wasteland is 6.95% and area
not available for cultivation is 21.6% of the total area. This indicates that
major portions of the land within the study area is agricultural land.
22%
Total Irrigated Land
Unirrigated Land
7%
59%
12%
Cultivated Waste Land
Area Not Available for
Cultivable
Figure-3.6: Land Use Classification based on Census Data 2001
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3.5.5 Sensitive Area
No important archaeological, historical, cultural, aesthetic, religious and
ecologically sensitive area as per MoEF list within the radius of 15 km
exists.
There are three temples, a hospital and school are situated near core
zone area. 8 Police Stations which are 2 Najafgarh, 1 Bada Hari Nagar, 2
Bahadurgarh, 1 Shivaji Park, 1 Ashok Nagar and 1 Nagloi Jat , a reserve
forest in Sultan Pur Dabas located in buffer zone.
3.6 WATER USE
3.6.1 Sources of Water
There are no natural water bodies within the study area, but the area has
two irrigation canals.
Besides canals and drains, a small number of scattered, confined water
bodies viz. tanks, ponds, roadside borrows, etc. exist within the study
area, most of which remain dry or contain very little water during summer.
Ground water conditions in the area are semi confined to unconfined. The
unconfined aquifers are tapped by dug wells while the semi confined
aquifers are tapped by shallow tube wells. The depth to groundwater table
as per Central Ground Water Board varies from 1.28 to 20.35 m. The
ground water resources are exploited for domestic and irrigation purposes
through a number of open dug wells and tube-wells seen in the study area.
3.6.2 Trends of Surface and Ground Water Use
Irrigation Use
Major demand of irrigation is met from the water tanks in the study area.
Lift irrigation, mainly from dug-wells, is practiced in the study area.
According to the land use pattern of the study area established through
2001 Census, it has about 13675 ha agricultural land, out of which 8593
ha land is irrigated. Estimated annual requirement of water for irrigation
from surface and ground water works out to be 51 MCM considering that
the Rabi and Kharif are the main crops of this area as well as the total
irrigated land.
Domestic Use
Drinking water requirement is principally met from tube wells, dug wells
and supply water. The water used for domestic purposes in the study area
has been estimated to be 3.76 MCM based on population based on 2001
census and 70 liters per capita per day average consumption. The annual
water requirement within the study area is presented in Table 3.16.
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Table-3.16: Water Uses Pattern within The Study Area
Use
Agriculture
Domestic
Requirement, MCM
51.00
3.76
3.7 SOILS
3.7.1 Selection of sampling Locations
The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local
distribution of vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling
locations were mainly selected from agricultural field and proposed project
site and ash dyke area in different directions. The sampling locations are
given in Table 3.17 and presented in Figure 3.7.
Table 3.17. Soil Sampling Stations in the Study Area
Station
Code
Location
Locations with respect Description
to site
Distance( km) Direction
Core
0.0
Plant Site
Zone
9.2
NE
Agricultural field
SQ7
IOCL Bottling
Plant
Rajiv Nagar
Near Tikri
Kalan
NajafGarh
Uttam Nagar
Nizampura
Rasidpur
Asauda Sewan
SQ8
Bawana
12.7
NE
SQ9
SQ10
Shalpur
Tilaknagar
14.7
12.7
SW
ES
SQ1
SQ2
SQ3
SQ4
SQ5
SQ6
1.3
SW
Agricultural Field
10.5
9.8
SW
ES
Road Side
Residential Area
2.7
NW
Agricultural Field
13.5
NW
Agricultural Field
Rural Residential
area
Agricultural Field
Agricultural Field
3.7.2 Methodology
The soil samples were collected in the month of Dec 2007 for winter
season. The samples collected from the all locations are homogeneous
representative of each location. At random 10 sub locations were identified
at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was
uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were
filled in polythene bags, labeled in the field with number and site name and
sent to laboratory for analysis.
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3.7.3 Physicochemical Characterization of Soil
Physical Properties
The results of physical analysis of the soil samples are presented in Table
3.18. It may be seen that the sand, silt and clay varied from 78– 54%
(average 69.7%), 22-11% (average 14.5%) and 30-11% (average 15.8%)
respectively indicating that soil is sandy / loamy sand. The soil moisture
varied from 4.12 – 2.51%, while Bulk Density varied between 2.01 to 1.21.
The colour of the soil is brown to deep brown.
Table 3.19. Physical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Winter
Location
Name
Colour
Texture
Near Tikri
Kalan
NajafGarh
Deep
Brown
Deep
Brown
Deep
Brown
Brown
Uttam Nagar
Brown
Nizampura
Rasidpur
Asauda
Sewan
Bawana
Brown
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
Loamy
Sand
IOCL Bottling
Plant
Rajiv Nagar
Brown
Shalpur
Deep
Brown
Brown
Tilaknagar
Brown
Average
Sand
%
Silt
%
Clay
%
Soil
moist
ure
(%)
Bulk
Dens
ity
69.00
11.00
20.00
3.10
1.24
54.00
16.00
30.00
4.12
1.48
73.00
14.00
13.00
3.36
1.54
72.00
13.00
15.00
2.51
1.21
76.00
12.00
12.00
2.63
2.01
71.00
17.00
12.00
3.12
1.69
65.00
22.00
13.00
3.52
156
64.00
17.00
19.00
2.87
1.43
78.00
11.00
11.00
3.12
1.89
75.00
12.00
13.00
2.93
1.66
69.7
14.5
15.8
3.13
1.57
Chemical Properties
The results of chemical analysis of the soil samples are presented in
Table 3.19. The pH varied from 8.53 to 7.13 indicating alkalinity. The
conductivity varied from 366 to 136 mhos/cm. The average concentration
of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil samples varied from
37.12 to 31.30 mg/100gm, 4.56 to 2.78 mg/100gm and 4.12 to 3.13
mg/100gm respectively. The CEC varied from 7.08 to 5.63 mg/100gm. The
______________________________________________________________________________________
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average sodium absorption ration was 2.85, which is much below the
value 9 where after the permeability of soil is affected.
Table 3.19. Chemical Characteristics of Soil in the Study Area (Winter
Season)
Location
Name
IOCL Bottling
Plant
Rajiv Nagar
Near Tikri
Kalan
NajafGarh
Uttam Nagar
Nizampura
Rasidpur
Asauda Sewan
Bawana
Shalpur
Tilaknagar
pH
Conductivi
ty
(mho/cm)
Organic
Matter
(%)
N
P
K
CEC
SA
R
mg/100g
8.53
148.00
0.49
31.30
3.01
3.40
10.98
2.44
7.89
315.00
0.65
36.12
2.89
4.12
16.30
3.17
7.54
320.00
0.66
35.89
3.36
3.98
7.82
2.57
8.01
8.13
210.00
195.00
0.54
0.59
33.12
31.25
4.56
3.96
3.12
2.13
8.58
7.18
2.78
1.97
7.13
313.00
0.44
36.21
3.11
2.89
6.88
2.87
7.66
8.02
7.98
8.19
366.00
254.00
302.00
136.00
0.63
0.41
0.51
0.49
37.12
33.69
31.59
34.26
3.58
2.97
3.22
2.78
2.37
3.23
3.59
2.84
7.76
10.32
6.52
7.48
3.03
3.19
3.99
2.49
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77°7'50"
28°48'10"
76°48'10"
28°48'10"
as
ur
hp
D
ra
Nangal Thakhuran
Kateora
Ba
wa
na
Dr
ain
M
g
un
in
Qutabgarh
Ladrawan
Khor Jat
Puth Kurd
an
n
el
Ladpur
Ch
Su
pp
ly
Water
S6
Garhi Rindhala
Barahi
No
rth
Ra
ilw
ay
Mangolpuri
Pitampura
Rani Bagh
Nangloi Drain
ar
M
in
Ba
ha
du
rg
ar
h
Rohini
Budh Vihar
Agarnagar
15 km Sultanpuri
S1
S3 Tikrikalan
Gurudyal Vihar
n
Mu
h
rk
Su
in
ra
D
S2
Ranikera Agarnagar
a
Dr
Haryana Urban
Sarai Aurangabad
Dev. Authority
Tandaheri
nia
pa
Bu
Rajivnagar
Rama Vihar
Kasar
Dabauda Kalan
Nunamajra
Lowah Khurd
Pehladpur Bangar
Madanpur Dabas
Nizampur
Sauda
Rashidpur
Mun
in
g
ashp
ur
Kanjhawala
Mundka Branch D
istr
ibut
ary
Chandpur Kalan
Asauda Sewan
Gurgaon
S8
Kanaunda
S7
S10
Bawana
Khor Punjab
Khairpur
Kulasi
er
n
N
Punjabi Bagh
Nihal Vihar
Drain
Najafgarh
Jnata Colony
Tagore Garden
Chanden Vihar
ur
r
na
Mi
a
lth
ku
p
sh
ga
r
pu
Jharoda Kalan
Siv Vihar
Vikasnagar Vikaspuri Tilaknagar
Baba Haridas
Baprola
Dr
ai
Ashoknagar
Kaushal Minar
Enclave
n
Shahpur
Harinagar
Vinoba Enclave
Mayapuri
UTTAM NAGAR Lajwanti Garden
Gangarwah
Jafarpur Kalan
Luksar Mandhela Khurd
Bindapur
Bharat Vihar
ala Sagarpur
aN
Desalpur
ni
da
hu
Ch
Rajeev Colony
Na
jaf
ga
rh
Drain
S4
NAJAFGARH
S10
S5
nd
Ga
Dwarka
Jafarpur Kalan
Kharkhari Nahar
Taipur Khurd
Samaspur Khalsa Khera Dabar
Qutab Vihar
Ojwah
Palam
Dwarka
Reola Khanpur
Khrakhari Raund
Pindwala Khurd
28°33'10"
76°48'10"
National Highway
Road
Forest
28°33'10"
77°7'50"
Scale
0
3
6
9
12
15km
District Boundary
Drain
Railway
Soil Monitoring Station
Figure 3.7. Soil Quality Monitoring Stations
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3.8 Biological Environment
3.8.a TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
3.8.a.1 Flora
The study area is an intensively cultivated agricultural area and natural
vegetation occurs in scattered patches mostly on vacant plots around
agricultural fields and on wasteland. A few common plants were also found
on slopes of drains and along the edge of the roads. Among most
common trees found in the area were neem (Azadirachta indica), shisham
(Dalbergia sissoo), jamun (Eugenia jambolana), shahtoot (Morus alba),
and babul (Acacia arabica). There were a few patches of plantation in the
study area. These forest species mainly consisted of shishams,
eucalyptus, babul, neem. The main shrubs and bushes consist of arua,
hina, panwar, madar, karaunda and mako. Main grasses are Munjkans
and Patera. The natural vegetation of the study area was of ‘open scrub’
type.
Majority of the species growing at the site showed xerophytic
adaptations. The list of plant species recorded in the study area is given in
Table 3.20.
Three types of ecosystem existed in study area.
Agro Ecosystem:
The main crops were rice, wheat, millet, maize and sugarcane. Vegetables
are grown in small patches. The major agricultural crops were Mustard
(Brassica juncea), wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), rice
(Oryza sativa), and millets (Sorghum vulgare). A number of leguminous
crops were grown for crop rotation purpose such as moong (Phaseolus
mungo), masoor (Lens culnaris), arhar (Cajanus cajan), gram (Cicer
arietinum), and pea (Pisum sativum).
Grassland Ecosystem:
Mostly covered by congress grass and doob.
Manmade Plantation Ecosystem:
This has been developed by the State Forest Department and industries.
Babul, Neem, Shisham, Jamun, were the main species, planted under
afforestation programmes.
3.8.a.2Fauna
The domestic animals found in the study area were mainly mammals, as
listed in the Table 3.21. In absence of natural forest in the study area, wild
animals in the study area did not exist. A list of birds, reptiles, amphibians
and rodents based on information gathered from local enquiries and
Forest department is presented in Table 3.22.
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Table 3.20. List of Plants
S. No.
Scientific Name
Common Name
1.
Acacia nilotica
Babool
2.
Azardiracta indica
Neem
3.
Aegle marmelos
Bel
4.
Bombax ceiba
Simbal
5.
Cassia fistula
Amaltas
6.
Dalberga sissoo
Shisham
7.
Delonix regia
Gulmohar
8.
Eucalyptus sp
Eucalyptus
9.
Ficus racemosa
Fig tree
10.
Ficus benghalensis
Banyan tree (Bargad)
11.
Ficus religiosa
Peepal
12.
Melia azadirachat
Bakain
13.
Moringa oleifera
Sohanjna
14.
15.
Phoenix sylvestris
Pithecoloeobium dulce
Phoenix (khajoor)
Jungle Jalebi
16.
Parkinsonia aculeata
Parkinsonia
17.
Tamarix articulata
Frash
18.
Zizyphus mauritiana
Beri
19.
Zizyphus jujuba
Ber
Shrubs/Grasses
1.
Abutilon indicum
Pathaka
2.
Achryranthes aspera
Puthkanda
3.
Adhatoda vasica
Bansa,Basuti
4.
Amaranthus spp.
5.
Antherum muricatum
Gandhara
6.
Boughainvillaea spp.
Bougainvillea
7.
Cassia tora
Panwar
8.
Chenopodium albus
Bathu
9.
Datura stramonium
Dhatura
10.
Euphorbia hitra
Dudhi
11.
Imperata cylindrica
Siru
12.
Nerium odorum
Kaner
13.
Opuntia dillenii
Nagphani
14.
Saccharum spontaneum
Kans
15.
Zizyphus nummularia
Malha
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Table 3.21. List o Domestic Fauna Observed in the Study Area
S.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Zoological Name
Common Name
Bos indicus
Bubalus indicus
Boselaphus tragocamelus
Cains familieris
Capra hircus
Equus cabilus
Equus hermionus
Felis domesticus
Ovius polic
Sus cristatus
Suborder ruminantia
Cow
Buffalo
Nilgai
Dog
Goat
Horse
Ass
Cat
Sheep
Pig
Camel
Schedule
III
Table-3.22. List of Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians ad Rodents observed
in the Study Area
Sl.
Scientific Name
No
Birds
1.
Alcedo atthis
2.
Cucculus micropterus
3.
Columba livia
4.
Corvus splendens
5.
Eudynomys scolopacea
6.
Prinia hodgsonii
7.
Pycnotus jacosus
8.
Ploceus philippinus
9.
Pavo cristatus
10. Polyplectron bicalearaturn
11. Streptopelia chinensis
Reptiles
1. Calotes versicolor
2. Varanus monitor
Amphibian
1
Bufo malanostidus
2
Rana cynophlyctis
3
Rana tigrina
Rodent
1
Bandicota indica
2
Mus muscatus
3
Ratus ratus
4
Ratufa indica
Common Name
Common Kingfisher
Indian Cuckoo
Rock Pigeon
House Crow
Asian Koel
Grey-breasted
Prinia
Red-whiskered
Bulbul
Baya Weaver
Peafowl
Peacock pheasants
Spotted Dove
Schedule
IV
IV
IV
V
IV
I
I
IV
Garden lizard
Monitor lizards
Toad
Frog
Frog
Bandicoot rat
Mouse
House rat
Squirrel
V
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3.8.a.3 Wildlife Sanctuary
No wild life sanctuary is directly affected through this project.
3.8 .b AQUATIC ECOLOGY
No major natural water bodies in the study area except a few rain fed
ponds existed. The small ponds were not used for human activities and
became dry during summer season.
Fish
Being a non-monsoon period, the water level in the rivers was too low to
support higher fish diversity. During the monsoon season when the water
level was high in the rivers, the following species of fishes were caught.
Sl.No
Zoological Name
Sl.No
Zoological name
1.
Labeo rohita
7.
Puntius chola
2.
Labeo angara
8.
Noemocheilus denisonii
3.
Labeo bata
9.
Channa punctatus
4.
Amblypharygodon mola
10.
Bagarius bagarius
5.
Cirrbinus mrigala
11.
Gambusia affinis
6.
Cirrbinus reba
12
Barilius barna
3.9 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMIC
Demographic and socio-economic profile of the study area is based on
Census Data for the year 2001 of district South West Delhi, West Delhi, North
West Delhi and Jhajjar. The census data has been analyzed with respect to
demographic profile, community structure, educational facilities, occupational
structure and infrastructure facilities. Towns and villages with their major
portions falling within the study area have been considered fully in the study,
whereas those with their minor portions within the study area have not been
considered. The settlements falling under the study area of 15 km radius
around the project site is given in Figure 3.8.
The details of demographic profile, including literacy of villages and towns in
the study area are presented in Annexure – II and Annexure - III for the year
2001 . The demographic and socio-economic characteristics for the 2001 is
given in Table 3.23.
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77°7'50"
28°48'10"
28°48'10"
76°48'10"
un
r
pu
sh
ga
r
D
n
ai
N
Ba
w
an
a
Dr
a in
Kateora Nangal Thakhuran
Qutabgarh
Bawana
Khor Jat
Ladrawan
M
Khor Punjab
Khairpur
Puth Kurd
Kanaunda
Mundka Branch D
istr
ibu
tary
Chandpur Kalan
an
ne
l
Asauda Sewan
Ladpur
Barahi
Garhi Rindhala
Ra
ilw
Water
Su
pp
ly
Ch
No
rt h
ern
ay
Nizampur
Sauda
Rashidpur
Mun
in
g
a s hp
Gurgaon
ur Dra
Kasar
Haryana Urban
Dev. Authority
Rajivnagar
Kanjhawala
Rohini
Rama Vihar
Madanpur Dabas
Budh Vihar
Agarnagar
Ranikera
Mangolpuri
Pitampura
Sultanpuri
Rani Bagh
M
in
ar
Tandaheri Sarai Aurangabad
ga
r
h
15 km
Tikrikalan
Ba
ha
du
r
hp
nia
pa
Bu
Mi
Jharoda Kalan
Baba Haridas
Dr
ai
n
Enclave
Vinoba Enclave
r
na
ur
hp
ur
Baprola
Gangarwah
Luksar
Na
Mandhela Khurd
ja f
Jafarpur Kalan
NAJAFGARH
Rajeev Colony
fgarh
Drain
Chanden Vihar Jnata Colony
Tagore Garden
Siv Vihar
Tilaknagar
Vikasnagar Vikaspuri
Kaushal Minar Ashoknagar
Harinagar
UTTAM NAGAR
Mayapuri
ga
rh
D ra
Shahpur
Naja
Gurudyal Vihar
in
ra
D
as
ng
rk
a
lth
ku
ni
da
hu
Ch
Mu
Su
Desalpur
Punjabi Bagh
Nihal Vihar
in
Dabauda Kalan
Nunamajra
Lowah Khurd
Pehladpur Bangar
Nangloi Drain
Kulasi
Bharat Vihar
Dwarka
Ga
Lajwanti Garden
Bindapur
la
Na Sagarpur
da
n
Palam
Jafarpur Kalan Kharkhari Nahar
Dwarka
Samaspur Khalsa Khera Dabar
Taipur Khurd
Ojwah
Qutab Vihar
Khrakhari Raund Reola Khanpur
Pindwala Khurd
28°33'10"
76°48'10"
LEGEND
Scale
0
3
6
9
28°33'10"
77°7'50"
12
15km
National Highway
Road
Forest
District Boundary
Drain
Railway
Figure 3.8: Rural/Urban Settlement Under the Study Area
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EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
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3.9.1 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Based on 2001 Census Data
Population
There are about 56 Towns and villages falling under the study area (15 km
radius of the project site). The total population of these villages as per
Census of 2001 is 2216370. The percentages of male, female population
and sex ratio are 65%, 35% and 1000 (Males): 824 (females),
respectively. There are about 431134 households in the study area. The
average family size is about 6 persons per house. Detail in Annexure ii
35%
65%
Total Male Population
Total Female Population
Figure 3.9 Demographic Profile of the Study Area Based on 2001
Census Data Population
Social Structure
The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 19% of the
total population out of which male SC population is 54% and female SC
population is 46%. There is no Schedule Tribe (ST) population in the study
area. Detail in Annexure 2
46%
54%
SC Male Population
SC Female Population
Figure 3.10 Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area
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EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
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Literacy
The total number of literates within the study area is 1513044. The
percentage of male and female literacy to the total literate population is
60% and 40%, respectively.
40%
60%
Literate Male Population
Literate Female Population
Figure 3.11 Literate population with in Study Area
Table-3.23: Demographic and Socio–Economic Characteristics
for the year 2001
S. No.
Particulars
1
Total No. of House Holds
2
Total Population
Male (% of area population)
Female (% of area population)
3
Population Density (per Sq Km)
4
SC (% of area population)
5
ST ((% of area population)
6
Literates (% of area population)
2001
431134
2216370
65.00
35.00
3137.11
19.00
0.00
68.00
3.9.2 Socioeconomic Profile of the Study Area (Based on 2001 Census)
Occupational structure
The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been
studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and nonworkers. The main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers in the
study area are 29%, 3% and 68% respectively of the total population. Main
workers have been grouped into three categories namely: cultivators,
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EIA of Pipeline Terminal for storage and Marketing of Petroleum Products and Marketing of Petroleum Products At Tikri
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agricultural labourers and other workers.
following sections.

These are discussed in the
Cultivators
The person who is engaged either as employer, single worker or family
worker in cultivation of land owned is termed as cultivator. Total cultivators
in study area are 24431 (1.1% of total population), out of which 72% are
male and only 28% are female.

Agricultural Labourers
Persons working on the land of others for wages or share in the yield have
been treated as agricultural labourers. The total workers of this category
are about 3419 (0.15% of total population), out of which 73% are male and
27% are female.

Other Workers
The workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers, who have
been engaged in some economic activity, include plantation workers,
commerce, business, transport, mining, construction worker etc. The total
number of other workers in the study area is 608462 (28% of the total
population) out of which the male and female population is 90.00% and
10% respectively.

Marginal Workers
The marginal workers are those workers, who are engaged in some work
for a period of less than six months, during the reference year prior to the
census survey. Total number of marginal workers in study area is 55928,
which is approximately 2.52% of the total population. The percentages of
male and female marginal workers are 63% and 37%, respectively.

Non-Workers
The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties,
students, retired persons, dependants, beggars etc. The total number of
non-worker population is 150786, which is 68% of the total population. In
this category percentage of male is 40% and female is 60%.
The worker of the study area is presented in Figure 3.12.
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100
90
80
70
60
Male %
50
Female %
40
30
20
10
0
Cultivators Agricultural
Labourers
Other
Workers
Marginal
Workers
NonWorkers
Figure 3.12 The worker of the study area
3.9.3 Availability of Infrastructural Facilities & Amenities
A review of infrastructural facilities available in the area has been done on
the basis of the information available in District Census Data for 2001. The
study area as a whole possesses medium level of infrastructural facilities
like education, health, drinking water, electrification, transport and
communication.
3.9.3.1
Educational Facilities
All the villages and town within study area have facilities of primary
schooling with many of them possessing middle school and high school
facilities within 5-7 km radius.Bhagini Nivedita college, Bharti College,
Najafgargh, Bhaskarcharya college Of Applied Science, Dwarka , Deen
Dayal Upadhya college, Karampura, Janaki Devi Memorial College,
Kalandi College, Patel Nagar, Radhani College, Raja Garden are some
college which are located in study area
3.9.3.2
Medical Facilities
Allopathic Hospital existed in Jaffar pur Kalan, Moradabad Pahari,
Bakhtawar pur and Budhan Pur in rural region of study area and rest
villages have Allopathic Hospital facilities within 10km radius. Every town
within study area have adequate medical facilities. Indraprastha Hospital,
Deen Dayal Upadhya Hospital , Rajeev Gandhi Cancer Hospital, Kapoor
Hospital, Raj Memorial Hospital, Mata Chanana Devi Hospital, N,C Jindal
Heart Hospital, R.D Memorial Hospital are name of some hospital which
are located in study area
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3.9.3.3
Drinking Water Facilities
The major sources of drinking water are hand pumps, open well and tube
well. The details are given in Table 3.24.
Table 3.24: Drinking Water Facilities within the Study Area
Drinking Water
Facilities
Well
Tank
Tube well
Hand Pump
3.9.3.4
No. of
Units
69
83
64
58
Power Supply
Electricity is available in all villages and town for domestic and all other
purposes
3.9.3.5
Transport and Communication
The mode of communication in the study area is mainly bus services.
Palam railway station exists near the site.
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