SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE MANUFACTURER: HITACHI MODEL: S2300 APPLICATION: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a method for high-resolution imaging of surfaces. The SEM uses electrons for imaging, as optical microscopes use visible light. The advantages of SEM over optical microscopy include greater magnification (up to 100,000x) and higher depth of field. An incident electron beam is raster-scanned across the sample's surface, and the resulting electrons emitted from the sample are collected to form an image of the surface. Imaging is typically obtained using secondary electrons for a better resolution of fine surface topographical features. Alternatively, imaging with backscattered electrons gives contrast based on atomic number, which solves microscopic composition variations, and gives topographical information. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: The main characteristics of the SEM HITACHI S2300 are: Resolution 4.5 nm. (x20 – x200.000) Electron optical system Filament: Tungsten Accelerating Voltaje: 0.5-30 kV 3 lens reduction system 2-stage electromagnetic deflection system Objective lens aperture: 0.1-0.4 mm Specimen stage X Traverse: 0 – 80 mm Y Traverse: 0 – 40 mm Tilt angle: -20º a 90º Work distance: 5 – 35 mm Rotation angle: 360º Evacuating system 1 Oil difusión pump: 400l/sec 1 Oil rotatory pump: 160/min P=10-5 Torr. Ambient conditions Temperature: 15 – 30ºC Humidity < 70% Vibration < 5 Hz