The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
Multiple Choice Questions
1.Which of the following is NOT true concerning mitosis?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Animal cells have centrioles while plant cells do not.
Both plant and animal cells undergo cytokinesis.
Mitosis allows growth and increase in size in both plants and animals.
Animal cells form a cell plate during cytokinesis while plant cells do not.
Mitosis creates diploid cells from diploid cells
2.The term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
cytokinesis
anaphase
apoptosis
karyokinesis
fission
3.Cancer cells require lots of nutrients, which are supplied by blood vessels. The growth
of new blood vessels to cancerous tissue is called:
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
angiogenesis
metastasis
carcinogenesis
apoptosis
mutation
4.Which is NOT true about bacterial chromosomes?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
There is generally only one chromosome in each bacterial cell.
A bacterial chromosome is present in a single copy per cell.
A bacterial chromosome is attached to the plasma membrane.
A bacterial chromosome is in a loop.
A bacterial chromosome contains both DNA and associated histones.
5.The structure that contains the genetic information in a bacterial cell is called the
A) nucleus.
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B)
C)
D)
E)
nucleoid.
nucleolus.
nucleosome.
nucleoprotein.
6.The term "nucleoid" is built from the Latin and Greek root word meaning .
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
"center" and "outside."
"kernel-like."
"true-center."
"master control."
"control protein."
7.Virtually all specialized cells of multicellular organisms
A)
B)
C)
D)
develop through mutation from less specialized cells of the organism.
contain more genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
contain less genetic material than less specialized cells of the same organism.
have the same amount of DNA and the same number of chromosomes as all other cells
of the organism.
E) None of these
8.The term used for DNA in a nucleus BEFORE it becomes condensed in preparation for
mitosis is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
eukaryote.
chromosome.
chromatin.
cytokinesis.
centromere.
9.Generally, animals build an organism using the diploid number of chromosomes.
However, insects in the order of ants, wasps and bees can use a haploid-diploid
system where adults of one sex are formed with a haploid number of chromosomes.
This would mean that
A) a single set of chromosomes is sufficient to code for a functional individual.
B) a female could determine the sex of the offspring by fertilizing or not fertilizing an
egg.
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C) the males and females are not equally "related" to their mothers considering the
proportion of genes held in common.
D) Not all animals must be diploid in order to be viable organisms.
E) All the above are true.
10. Which is NOT true about the chromosomes of a multicellular organism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
They are made up of DNA and protein.
Each chromosome is replicated into two chromatids during the S phase of interphase.
Each chromosome separates into two daughter chromosomes by binary fission.
All cells contain chromosomes that carry the same genetic information.
Each cell preparing for mitosis contains a diploid number of chromosome.
11. In prokaryotes the chromosome is held in a region called the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
nucleoid.
centriole.
centrosome.
kinetochore.
centromere.
12. Generally, complex organisms do require more genes to control their synthesis and
organization than do primitive organisms. However, the numbers of chromosomes
vary from ants with 2, molds with 8-14, humans with 46, potatoes with 100 and the
crayfish with 200! Given this, then
A) there must be no relationship between amount of genetic information and complexity
of the organism.
B) the number of genes per chromosome may vary among organisms, preventing a simple
relationship between chromosome number and complexity.
C) mitosis must differ from organism to organism.
D) simpler organisms have more DNA than more complex organisms.
E) All of the choices are correct.
13. Which statement is NOT true about eukaryotic chromosomes?
A) There is only one chromosome of each type in each body cell.
B) Chromosomes contain both DNA and associated histones.
C) Chromosomes condense from chromatin at the start of mitosis.
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D) Chromosomes disperse back into chromatin at the end of mitosis.
E) Chromosomes are not located within the nuclear envelope during mitosis.
14. The diploid (2n) number of chromosomes for humans is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23.
24.
44.
46.
48.
15. The haploid (n) number of chromosomes for humans is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23.
24.
44.
46.
48.
16. Which statement is NOT true about mitosis?
A) Mitosis is a process that duplicates and divides the nuclear contents only.
B) Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same number of chromosomes as
the parent cell.
C) Mitosis produces two daughter cells that contain the same kinds of chromosomes as
the parent cell.
D) Mitosis uses a 2n parent cell to form daughter cells containing n chromosomes.
E) Mitosis is involved in development of a fertilized egg into a multicellular organism.
17. Which represents the correct sequence of stages in the cell cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
G1, G2, S, M
G1, G2, M, S
G1, M, G2, S
G1, S, G2, M
G1, M, S, G2
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18. Below the skin are "stem cells" that divide, with some cells continuing the stem cell
line and others being pushed toward the surface to flatten and die and be sloughed
off. In the bone marrow are other stem cells producing cells such as the erythrocytes
that lose their nucleus and function for a few months in the bloodstream before they
too die. Such "dead end" cells that reproduce no further
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
leave the cell cycle in a G0 phase, which immediately follows telophase.
leave the cell cycle in a G3 phase, which immediately follows G2.
halt in the midst of the S phase.
continually cycle but simply fail to go through cytokinesis.
reverse from G2 to G1.
19. At the completion of mitosis which of the following is NOT true?
A) The cell has not yet undergone the G2 phase.
B) Each replicated chromosome has been separated into single chromatids.
C) The daughter cell nuclei have acquired the same number and kinds of chromosomes as
the parent cell nucleus.
D) The cell may not have yet undergone cytokinesis.
E) All of these are true.
20. The critical checkpoints that control the cell cycle are at the
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
G1 to S stage and G2 to M stage.
S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage.
M to G1 stage and G2 to M stage.
M to G1 stage and S to G2 stage.
S to G2 stage and G2 to M stage.
21. During which stage of the cell cycle is cell growth and replication of organelles most
significant?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
M phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase
G0 phase
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22. Which stage is most associated with a cell that is unable to divide again, such as a
muscle or nerve cell?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
M phase
G1 phase
G2 phase
S phase
G0 phase
23. Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
prophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase
prophase, telophase, anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
telophase, anaphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase
anaphase, prometaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase
24. Which occurs in metaphase?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Centrioles move to opposite poles.
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell.
Chromosomes move to opposite poles.
The nuclear envelope disappears.
Chromosomes coil and first become visible.
25. Which occurs in anaphase?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Centrioles move to opposite poles.
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the dividing cell.
Chromosomes move to opposite poles.
The nuclear envelope disappears.
The nuclear envelope is constructed.
26. Plant cells differ from animal cells in mitosis in all EXCEPT which of these ways?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Plants lack centrioles, but animals have them.
Plants lack microtubules and spindles, but animals have them.
Plants lack cell furrows, but animals have them.
Plants form a cell plate, but animals do not.
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E) Plants develop a cell wall between daughter cells, but animals do not.
27. Which does NOT occur in telophase?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cytokinesis usually gets under way.
The nuclear envelope is being constructed.
The centromeres split apart.
Chromosomes de-condense into chromatin.
The nucleolus reforms.
28. Cytokinesis in plant cells differs from animal cells in the following way.
A) The plant endoplasmic reticulum forms a cell plate.
B) Microtubules are constructed into a cell plate pattern.
C) The Golgi apparatus produces vesicles that migrate along microtubules and fuse to
become a cell plate.
D) The inner plasma membrane divides by cytokinesis as in animal cells and then secretes
a cellulose cell wall.
E) Asters coalesce to form a fibrous plate that is then reinforced with cellulose.
29. Binary fission by bacteria differs from mitosis because
A) the chromosome copies attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart by cell
growth.
B) the chromosome is a simple DNA strand without complex proteins and no spindle
forms.
C) there is no nuclear membrane to break down and rebuild.
D) there is but a single chromosome to replicate and place in two separate cells.
E) All of the choices are correct.
30. In multicellular organisms, mitosis is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
the means of tissue growth and repair.
a way of generating new kinds of mutant or recombinant organisms.
the means of sexual reproduction.
not useful in stem cell lines that constantly replace skin, etc.
able to occur in only a few cells of specialized tissues.
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31. Which of the following is NOT true about cancer cells?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
They never fully differentiate.
They exhibit contact inhibition.
They exhibit uncontrolled growth.
They exhibit disorganized growth.
They may undergo metastasis.
32. Which is NOT correctly associated with cancer?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Angiogenesis forms new blood vessels and brings nutrients and oxygen to the tumor.
The disorganized mass of cells is encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue.
Metastasis establishes new tumors distant from the site of the primary tumor.
Cells have receptors to adhere to basement membranes, then secrete proteinase
enzymes to invade underlying tissues.
E) Telomerase keeps telomeres at a constant length.
33. Development of a tumor from a benign form to a malignant form is dependent upon
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
growth of blood vessels into the tumor.
growth of the tumor.
Movement of tumor cells from the original location to another part of the body.
Lack of function of the cells in the tumor.
Disorganization of the tissue of the tumor.
34. Although cancer may originate in many regions of the body, many patients die from
cancerous growth in the lungs, lymph glands, or liver. This is most readily explained
as
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
spreading of cancer by angiogenesis.
metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect.
proteinase enzymes making cancer particularly damaging to these tissues.
growth anywhere but in these organs is called benign.
due to these organs simply being more susceptible to cancer.
35. Apoptosis refers to cell death and
A) is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
B) is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
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C) can be programmed and is essential to normal development.
D) is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism.
E) is any failure of the genetic machinery to work properly.
36. Stages of the cell cycle include
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
G1 stage
mitotic stage
cytokinesis.
S stage
All of the choices are correct.
37. Most of the cell cycle is spent in
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
prophase
cytokinesis
interphase
anaphase
None of these.
38. Apoptosis
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
is programmed cell death.
is a process that acts to decrease the number of somatic cells.
works to oppose the effects of mitosis.
is necessary for the proper development of an embryo
All of the choices are correct.
39. Eukaryotic chromosomes
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
consist of both DNA and protein.
may occur as chromatin.
contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space.
come in pairs in most organisms.
All of the choices are correct.
40. The overall process of mitosis functions to ensure
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The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
growth and tissue repair.
that each new cell receives a complete set of genetic information.
asexual reproduction in some species.
new cells are identical to the cells from which they develop.
All of the choices are correct.
41. The event that signals the start of anaphase is
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
division of the centromeres to separate sister chromatids.
migration of the centrioles to opposite poles of the nuclear space.
a cleavage furrow starts to form.
asters disappear.
chromosomes line up along the center of the cell.
Use the following to answer questions 42-45:
42. Chromosomes typically appear like the above diagram in which stage of the cell
cycle?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
G1
G2
S
Late telophase
Late prophase and metaphase
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43. What is the term for the structure labeled D?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
centromere
chromosome
kinetochore
chromatid
histone
44. Which structure is responsible for attaching to a spindle fiber?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
structure “a”
structure “b”
structure “c”
structure “d”
any portion of the chromosome may attach to the spindle fiber.
45. Which of the statements is NOT true of the above chromosome?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The chromosome is only highly coiled like this during mitosis.
Each half of the chromosome is genetically different from the other.
Each half will split from the other during anaphase.
Each half of the above chromosome will again be called a chromosome after they split
from each other.
E) All of these are true.
Essay Questions
46. In order for organisms to grow they must produce new cells and each cell must
maintain the same genetic identity as the original cell. This will insure the new cells
will function properly and survive.
a. Starting with interphase, explain how the events of the cell cycle insure that each new
cell will be genetically identical to the original.
b. What features of the prokaryotic genetic material eliminates the need for mitosis to
insure identical daughter cells?
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