19
AGRICULTURE
questionnaire), which was sent to
them by the Agriculture Division of
the Central Bureau of Statistics.
Certain figures are obtained from
production and marketing boards.
Forest area: The data are supplied by
the Jewish National Fund.
This chapter presents annual data on
agriculture
in
Israel
(including
Jewish localities in Judea, Samaria
and the Gaza area).
Agriculture
includes
agriculture,
forestry and fishing as defined in
the
Standard
Classification
of
Economic
Activities,
1993
(except
activity 021 - gardening).
The years in the tables, through
1985/86,
are
agricultural
years
beginning on October 1. As of 1986,
years in most tables are calendar
years (January-December).
PRODUCTION FACTORS AND
INPUTS
(Tables 19.8 -19.13)
DEFINITIONS
Capital stock in agriculture: Total
value of all fixed physical assets,
which
serve
the
production
of
agricultural
produce:
fruit
plantations, livestock, agricultural
machinery and equipment, agricultural
structures,
irrigation
network,
greenhouses, fish ponds and drainage.
Since 1970, land reclamation for
agriculture has been included. Not
included are values of assets: land,
forests, water plants, residential
buildings,
roads,
electricity
installations,
etc.
Neither
are
values of assets in the fishing
activity included, nor the value of
spraying aircraft.
Gross capital stock: Gross value of
assets,
before
deduction
of
cumulative depreciation.
Net capital stock: Gross capital
stock
less
cumulative
annual
depreciation up to the surveyed year.
LAND AND CROP AREA
(Tables 19.1-19.7)
DEFINITIONS
Agricultural area, by activity: The
physical area used for agriculture excluding natural pasture area, and
including area that has been sown but
not reaped.
Area
for
other
uses:
Area
of
buildings, yards and roads in the
agricultural farm as well as areas
fit for cultivation on which there
were no crops during the surveyed
year.
Fishery area: Area of fish ponds and
reservoirs used for growing fish.
Bi-crop: Two crops grown in the same
plot during the same year.
Total species area (during the year):
Includes total area of crop sown and
planted
during
the
whole
year,
including “bi-crop”.
SOURCES AND METHODS OF COMPUTATION
Employed persons: The data are based
on Labour Force Surveys, as well as
on the data of employees from Judea,
Samaria and the Gaza Area who work in
agriculture in Israel; since 1992,
data on foreign workers are also
included. Data on workers from Judea,
Samaria and the Gaza Areas as well as
data on foreign workers are obtained
from analyses presented in reports of
the National Insurance Institute and
the Employment Service.
As of 1988, data of employees from
Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Area were
SOURCES AND METHODS OF COMPUTATION
Agricultural Areas: Data are obtained
from an annual census conducted in
co-operation with the Ministry of
Agriculture
through
questionnaires
sent to all co-operative localities,
moshavim, and non-Jewish localities
including
Bedouin
tribes
(one
questionnaire for each locality). A
sample of other Jewish farms (private
farmers
in
urban
localities,
education and research institutions)
was
surveyed
with
an
identical
questionnaire
(to
the
census
(99)
revised according to actual workdays
in each year compared to 1987. As of
1995, the data are according to the
Standard Classification of Economic
Activities
1993.
The
chaining
coefficient
from
the
1970
classification
to
the
1993
classification is 100.2 (calculated
according
to
the
data
from
the
January-March
1995
Survey).
See
introduction to Chapter 12 Labour
and Wages.
Capital
stock:
computed
by
the
“perpetual
inventory”
method,
according to which a given year's
capital stock includes the sum of
gross capital formation in assets
according
to
whose
"lifetime"
depreciation is still deducted.
The price indices that serve for
deducting
annual
investment
are
specific for each type of asset.
Part of the gross capital formation
is obtained from estimates of capital
formation for the national accounts
(agricultural
equipment
and
machinery, agricultural structures,
greenhouses, irrigation network and
land reclamation); see introduction
to Chapter 14 - National Accounts.
Another part is estimated as follows:
Livestock: Data on fixed value of
capital
stock
are
obtained
by
multiplying the number of livestock
(with a life span exceeding one year)
at the beginning of each year by the
respective price of each unit in 1986
(see also the definition of “number
of animals” below).
Fruit
plantations:
The
data
on
capital
formation
value
in
new
plantations according to species are
obtained by a normative computation
of
the
value
of
expenditure
expenditure per dunam multiplied by
the number of dunams according to the
age of the plantation until fruit
bearing. The area of new plantations
is obtained from the annual census of
agriculture.
Fish ponds. Data on the value of
capital formation in fish ponds are
obtained each year by a normative
computation of the expenditure - the
additional
area
(in
dunams)
multiplied by the expenditure on
digging out one dunam of a pond. As
of 1990, the series has been updated;
therefore comparison with data of
previous years should be done with
caution.
Number of animals: Since 1972/73,
inventories of cattle, sheep and
goats have been based mainly on the
findings
of
the
above-mentioned
annual census on the cultivated area,
with additions from various records,
especially for sheep and goats.
Historical data are based on annual
updating of census bench marks, as
well as on records of professional
organizations and of the Ministry of
Agriculture.
The poultry inventory is based mainly
on data regarding chick hatchings.
Water for agriculture: See Chapter 21
- Energy and Water.
OUTPUT AND PRODUCT
(Tables 19.14-19.21)
DEFINITIONS
Output: The value of agricultural
production
(including
intermediate
produce)
with
the
addition
of
investment in new plantations and
afforestation.
The
data
include
output mostly produced (especially
harvested) during the survey year,
even if production began during the
previous year and the marketing in
the years that followed. The data on
citrus fruit, avocados, bananas and
flowers, for the survey year, include
all the harvest from August-September
of the preceding year to July-August
of the survey year.
Input: composed of total materials
and services purchased by agriculture
from other activities in Israel and
from imports (the purchased input),
the intermediate produce and the
depreciation in renewal prices.
Destinations of output:
For local consumption: The produce
destined for direct consumption by
the population of Israel including
consumption by the farmer and the
farmer’s
household
("home
consumption").
For local manufacturing includes all
of the fresh produce supplied for
manufacturing,
including
fresh
produce after industrial processing.
Exports: Fresh agricultural produce
destined for export - not necessarily
(100)
identical to the actual exported
produce in the same year. As of 1986,
excluding sales to the Judea, Samaria
and Gaza Area.
Intermediate produce is agricultural
produce
that
re-enters
the
agricultural
production
process
(e.g., locally grown barley used for
livestock feed).
Data on intermediate produce also
include
data
on
destruction
of
agricultural produce and changes in
livestock inventory, and as of 1986 sales to Judea, Samaria and the Gaza
Area.
Income originating in agriculture is
the income of "primary" production
factors (labour and capital) employed
in agriculture. Income is estimated
as the sum of the value of total
agricultural
output
as
well
as
compensation and additional activity
receipts, less the value of the
input. The estimates of agricultural
income that appear here differ from
those appearing in Chapter 14 National Accounts, where income from
non-profit institutions that serve
agriculture are added.
Compensation and other receipts of
the activity include all transfers
(excluding subsidies to production
units), compensation from insurance
(like
natural
damages),
drought
compensation, wage supplements and
other receipts (various subsidies).
As
of
1991,
also
including
compensation from private insurance
companies.
SOURCES AND METHODS OF COMPUTATION
Purchased
input
is
an
inclusive
estimate for each of the main input
items.
The
main
sources
are
as
follows:
imports
of
agricultural
inputs (such as feed); supply from
local production (such as oil cake
and fertiliser); water consumption,
as estimated by the Water Commission;
data from surveys of distributors and
production
boards
(such
as
pesticides); financial reports of the
government
and
local
authorities;
analysis of the balance sheets of
various organizations.
Depreciation is estimated at renewal
prices by the 'straight line' method
and is based on the Bureau's series
on investments in agriculture (see
"Capital stock", above).
Wages are based on wage series as
obtained
from
the
summaries
of
employers' reports to the National
Insurance Institute (see Chapter 12 Labour and Wages). They include wages
of workers paid through the Wages
Administration
of
the
Employment
Services
in
addition
to
social
supplements paid by the employer.
Wages include only compensation of
employees,
and
do
not
include
imputation of wages for the farm
owners’ work.
Output:
estimates
of
vegetables,
fruit, poultry, cattle, milk, eggs,
fish and part of the field crops are
based chiefly on monthly reports from
wholesalers, production boards, and
from
industrial
enterprises,
on
produce received from the farms for
the local market, for export and for
manufacturing. Estimates of private
sales,
home
consumption
and
intermediate produce are added to
these data.
Production of some field crops is
estimated by multiplying the average
yield per dunam by the area sown.
The value of agricultural output
(quantity multiplied by price) is an
estimate adjusted to the average
general price level of each year. The
value of each product in the month of
marketing is adjusted to the average
of the year according to the Consumer
Price Index. The agricultural output
value usually excludes board fees and
marketing commissions.
Production value at previous year
prices is obtained by multiplying the
quantity of each item by the price of
the previous year. This value is used
in
calculating
the
quantitative
change in the series (see "Indices"
below).
New plantations and afforestation.
Data on investments in afforestation
are
obtained
from
the
Land
Development Authority, while data on
investment in new plantations is
obtained by normative computation of
the
costs
of
cultivating
the
plantation
fields
until
fruit
bearing.
(101)
Indices: Changes in quantity and
price of the various components of
the
agricultural
account
were
computed according to the Laspeyres
and Paasche methods, respectively,
using an estimate of the value at
previous year's prices. It should be
noted that the differences between
the price indices derived from the
agriculture
account
(“implicit
indices”) and the price indices of
agricultural
output
presented
in
Chapter 13 - Prices, are due mainly
to differences in definition. Whereas
the price indices relate to the
entire agricultural output, those in
Chapter 13 and in Table 19.5 relate
to the traded produce only. Moreover,
the weights of the production price
index are current weights, whereas
the weights of the output price index
are fixed. The same applies to the
Index of Input Prices in Agriculture,
which is derived from the Agriculture
Activity Account, as compared with
the Index of Input Prices in Chapter
13 - Prices
For data on imports of agricultural
produce, see Chapter 16 - Foreign
Trade.
FOOD AND NUTRIENTS
(Tables 19.22-19.24)
DEFINITIONS
The food balance sheet is the record
and sum total of the sources of food
according to their description and
the calculation of their nutritional
value
(calories,
fat,
protein,
minerals and vitamins) consumed on
average per capita per day, by the
actual population living in Israel in
the year surveyed.
The balance sheet is drawn up in the
form determined by the Food and
Agricultural Organization (FAO), with
some adaptations to conditions in
Israel.
Until 1986/87 data were published
according
to
agricultural
years
(October-September). As of 1988, data
are published for calendar years.
Food commodity: The food commodities
recorded here are generally 'primary'
commodities. These commodities serve
as the basis for calculating the
nutritional
values
of
food
commodities obtained from them. For
example, the item 'wheat' contains
wheat used for manufacture of bread,
biscuits, noodles etc., except for
quantities that are a component of
another commodity in the balance
sheet.
Quantities
of
commodities
are
recorded at the weight and measure of
the primary commodity. For example,
canned vegetables are included in the
balance sheet as quantities of fresh
vegetables. Tea leaves, coffee beans
and
alcoholic
beverages
are
not
considered
foods
in
the
balance
sheet. The quantities are those at
the disposal of the consumer, and not
those actually consumed.
The following are details for several
definitions:
Wheat - from the column Production
until the column Total available
supply, data are for grains.
The column Other supply and waste is
comprised of the weight of grain used
for fodder and the weight of products
resulting from grain milling.
Starting from the column Food and
onward, data are for flour.
Vegetables - including peas and corn
for canning.
Fruits
and
melons
fruits,
watermelons and sweetmelons.
Fresh fruits excluding citrus - this
group does not include olives for
oil, almonds and pecans. Those appear
in different items in the balance.
The commodity butter is included
under Oils and Fats, and Cream is
included
under
Milk
and
Dairy
Products. The (general) group from
animals
includes
the
groups
of
commodities: meat, eggs, fish, milk
and dairy products and the commodity
"butter".
Production:
local
agricultural
production in the year surveyed,
i.e.,
the
year
of
agricultural
production. The production date of
winter fruit (bananas, avocado) in
the food balance sheet are according
to the marketing in the balance year.
Data on production (tons) for the
commodities maize, peas, animals for
meat, eggs and milk are recorded in
the balance with a measuring units
(102)
that
are
different
from
the
definitions
of
data
on
domestic
agricultural production. Therefore,
the numbers differ between the two
series.
Exports: exports sent overseas and
surplus
(positive)
of
food
commodities transferred from Israel
to Judea, Samaria and the Gaza Area.
Imports: imports from overseas and
surplus
(positive)
of
food
commodities transferred from Judea,
Samaria and the Gaza Area to Israel.
Change in stocks: commodities in the
stock at the beginning of the year,
both from the domestic production of
the previous year and from imports,
less commodities that remained in the
stock at the end of the surveyed year
- whether they were imported or grown
and produced during the surveyed
year,
but
consumed
during
the
following year.
Other supply and waste: This column
indicates quantities used for fodder
and seed, for industrial processing,
or
for
production
of
another
commodity appearing in the balance.
For perishable food commodities e.g.,
fruit
and
vegetables,
waste
is
estimated
according
to
quantities
that rotted or were destroyed between
the stage of wholesale marketing and
the
retail
marketing
stage.
The
estimate
of
waste
is
calculated
according to coefficients.
SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
1081
SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS
Agricultural
1995
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
58
Input and Output Price Indices
in the Agricultural Activity, 1986
Survey
CURRENT BRIEFINGS IN STATISTICS
15, 2001
Agricultural
Activity
Account in Israel, 1999-2000
JUBILEE PUBLICATIONS (on the occasion
of Israel’s 50th year)
Agriculture (No. 2 in the series)
(103)