Metro HS
IB Biology
SIB Fall Exam I
Chapter 2: Cells
Cells Theory
Functions of Life:
 metabolism
 growth
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reproduction
response
homeostasis
nutrition
Cell Reproduction & Differentiation: stem cells vs. fully differentiated cells
Cell Sizes: differences between prokayotes & eukaryotes
Compare Characteristics of Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (plants vs. animals)
**Which cells contain what structures??
 nucleus?
 flagella?

 Plasmids?
 pilli?

 cell wall?
 ribosomes (70S vs. 80S)?
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 plasma membrane?
 mitochondria?
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 organelles?
 growth via binary fission?

growth via mitosis?
chloroplasts?
central vacuole?
smooth ER?
rough ER?
**Please note that you must understand the basic functions of all of the above structures!
When Comparing/Contrasting Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (plants vs. animals)
which are heterotrophs? autotrophs?
which cells/organisms engage in sexual reproduction? asexual reproduction?
Analysis of the Basic Nature & Structure of Cell Membranes:
receptors)
 phospholipid bi-layer (polar heads/nonpolar tails)?
 glycoproteins (immune system ID tags)
 integral proteins (channels/ATPase/hormone
 cholesterol (structure)
Analysis of Membrane Proteins:
 bind hormones
 active transport of ions across membranes
 passive transport(CO2/O2)
 channels for facilitated transport(glucose
transport/H2O)
Analysis of the Basic Mechanisms of Transport across Cell Membranes:
-energy independent passive transport (relies on simple diffusion)
-energy independent facilitated diffusion (simple diffusion & membrane channels). Examples?
- energy dependent active transport (NA+/K+ pump /E.T.C. H+ ion channels)
Be able to draw membranes and associated proteins: maybe a channel? A pump?
Compare and Contrast Exocytosis vs. Endocytosis
 function of the smooth ER & Golgi apparatus. Cis vs. Trans? Connection to nucleus?
Analysis of Cell Division: Compare & Contrast Mitosis/Meiosis
Interphase: what happens here?
 G1
 S
Mitosis: what happens in the different stages?
 prophase
 metaphase
 anaphase
Cytokinesis
Senior IB Fall Test 1
 G2
 telophase
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Metro HS
IB Biology
*What controls movement through the cell cycle?
*Recognize all cellular components associated w/ cell division. (centrosomes/spindle microtubules etc.)
*Meiosis: remember cross over & independent assortment. What are these? Why important? When?
Chromosome Structure:
 sister chromatids/homologous chromosomes
 centromeres
 metaphase vs. anaphase chromosomes
 histones/nucleosomes
Chapter 8: Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
Cellular Chemical Reactions (mediated by enzymes).
oxidation/reduction reactions
Chloroplasts & mitochondria: similarities between the two?
Respiration
 anaerobic vs. aerobic
 Glycolysis (where does it happen? what is the result?)
 **remember NAD+ vs. NADH and FAD+ vs. FADH2 (unreduced form vs. reduced form?)
 glucose > fructose-1,6-bisphosphate > glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate > pyruvate (What is
produced/ where does this occur?)
 What is lactic acid (when might it build up on muscles?)
 Pyruvate > Acetyl CoA (what is produced? where does this occur?). Link Rxns?
 Krebs cycle...Acetyl CoA + 4 Carbon Oxaloacetate > 6 carbon Citrate
 (what is produced in Krebs? where does this occur? Why is it a cycle?)
 ATP synthesis via electron transport chain & chemiosmosis). What causes movement of electrons?
Could it be electronegativity?
 If no oxygen present, anaerobic respiration? Lactate or ethanol & CO2, in which organsisms
Photosynthesis
 Photosynthesis: light rxns. vs. dark rxns. Relationship between the two?
 basics of the light spectrum: 680 nm and 700 nm. What absorbed? What reflected?
 anatomy of a chloroplast
 what is in the reaction centers of the photosystems? In the antennae around the reaction centers?
 **remember NADP+ vs. NADPH (unreduced form vs. reduced form?)
 ATP synthesis & the ETC (what are H+ ions? Where from? Where do they go?)
 Photosystem I. vs. Photosystem II. (which one makes ATP/NADPH?)
 Calvin cycle... CO2 + 5 carbon RuBP > 6 carbon “intermediate” > Glycerate 3-phosphate >
Triose Phosphate > 6 carbon Glucose
 (study the rxn. carefully... some Triose Phosphate is recycled!...some Triose phosphate goes to
making RuBP and so goes towards making what?
 RuBisCO: why so well loved? What does it do? What is it famous for?
 Photolysis? Photophosphorylation?
Action & absorption spectra of photosynthesis: relationship between wavelength absorption &
photosynthetic rates
Factors affecting photosynthesis: Light & CO2 & Temperature
Cyclic photophosphorylation
Senior IB Fall Test 1
kmz