Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1
1.1 About the Plan ...................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Scope .....................................................................................................................2
1.1.3 Authority................................................................................................................2
1.1.4 Funding ..................................................................................................................2
1.1.5 Goals ......................................................................................................................3
1.1.6 Definition of Terms ...............................................................................................5
1.1.7 Point of Contact .....................................................................................................5
1.2 Community Description ....................................................................................................6
1.2.1 Geography .............................................................................................................6
1.2.2 Climate ................................................................................................................10
1.2.3 History .................................................................................................................10
1.2.4 Demographics ......................................................................................................12
1.2.5 Lifelines ...............................................................................................................16
1.2.6 Economy ..............................................................................................................21
1.2.7 Development........................................................................................................22
1.2.8 Critical Facilities .................................................................................................25
Chapter 2: Existing Mitigation Strategies ............................................................... 2–1
2.1 About Hazard Mitigation Programs ..............................................................................2–1
2.1.1 National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) .......................................................2–1
2.1.2 Firewise Community .........................................................................................2–2
2.1.3 Fire Hazard Mitigation ......................................................................................2–2
2.1.4 StormReady Community ...................................................................................2–3
2.1.5 Business Continuity Mitigation and Planning Programs...................................2–3
2.2 Public Information and Education .................................................................................2–5
2.2.1 Public Information and Education Infrastructure ..............................................2–5
2.2.2 Outreach Programs ............................................................................................2–5
2.3 Preventive Measures ......................................................................................................2–8
2.3.1 Comprehensive Planning and Zoning ...............................................................2–8
2.3.2 Floodplain and Stormwater Management .........................................................2–8
2.3.3 Building Codes ..................................................................................................2–8
2.3.4 Capital Improvements Plan ...............................................................................2–9
2.3.5 Additional Protective Measures ......................................................................2–10
2.4 Structural Projects .......................................................................................................2–11
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2.4.1 Existing Structural Projects .............................................................................2–11
2.4.2 Planned Structural Projects..............................................................................2–11
2.5 Property Protection ......................................................................................................2–12
2.5.1 Existing Protection Projects ............................................................................2–12
2.5.2 Planned Protection Projects .............................................................................2–12
2.6 Emergency Services ....................................................................................................2–13
2.6.1 National Incident Management System (NIMS) .............................................2–13
2.6.2 Emergency Operations Plan ............................................................................2–14
2.6.3 Emergency Operations Center .........................................................................2–15
2.6.4 Emergency Notification and Warning Systems ..............................................2–16
2.6.5 Fire Department and Resources.......................................................................2–19
2.6.6 Police Department and Resources ...................................................................2–20
2.6.7 Public Works Department and Resources .......................................................2–20
2.6.8 County Sheriff Department and Resources .....................................................2–21
2.6.9 Chickasaw Nation and Resources ...................................................................2–22
2.6.10 Health Care Facilities and Shelters..................................................................2–22
2.6.11 Volunteer Support Organizations ....................................................................2–23
2.7 Natural Resources Protection ......................................................................................2–25
Chapter 3: The Planning Process ............................................................................ 3–1
3.1 Step One: Organize to Prepare the Plan ........................................................................3–2
3.2 Step Two: Involve the Public ........................................................................................3–6
3.3 Step Three: Coordinate with Other Agencies and Organizations .................................3–7
3.4 Step Four: Assess the Hazard ........................................................................................3–9
3.5 Step Five: Assess the Problem ....................................................................................3–11
3.6 Step Six: Set Goals ......................................................................................................3–12
3.7 Step Seven: Review Possible Activities ......................................................................3–12
3.8 Step Eight: Draft an Action Plan .................................................................................3–13
3.9 Step Nine: Adopt the Plan ...........................................................................................3–13
3.10 Step Ten: Implement, Evaluate, and Revise ................................................................3–13
Chapter 4: Natural and Man-Made Hazards ............................................................ 4–1
Introduction ...................................................................................................................4–1
Hazards Summary .........................................................................................................4–2
Annual Average Damages .............................................................................................4–6
Hazards Analysis: Probability and Vulnerability ..........................................................4–6
Secondary Events ..........................................................................................................4–8
Vulnerability Assessment ..............................................................................................4–8
4.1 Floods ...........................................................................................................................4–9
4.1.1 Hazard Profile ....................................................................................................4–9
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4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.1.2 Ada Streams.......................................................................................................4–9
4.1.3 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–13
4.1.4 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–15
4.1.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–16
4.1.6 Sources ............................................................................................................4–16
Tornadoes ....................................................................................................................4–17
4.2.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–17
4.2.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–18
4.2.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–22
4.2.4 Tornado Scenario.............................................................................................4–24
4.2.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–27
4.2.6 Sources ............................................................................................................4–28
High Winds ..................................................................................................................4–29
4.3.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–29
4.3.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–30
4.3.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–33
4.3.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–33
4.3.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–33
Lightning .....................................................................................................................4–34
4.4.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–34
4.4.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–35
4.4.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–36
4.4.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–37
4.4.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–38
Hail .........................................................................................................................4–39
4.5.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–39
4.5.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–40
4.5.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–42
4.5.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–42
4.5.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–43
Winter Storms ..............................................................................................................4–44
4.6.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–44
4.6.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–46
4.6.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–48
4.6.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–48
4.6.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–48
Extreme Heat ...............................................................................................................4–50
4.7.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–50
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4.7.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–52
4.7.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–54
4.7.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–54
4.7.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–55
4.8 Drought ........................................................................................................................4–56
4.8.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–56
4.8.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–58
4.8.3 Water Conditions in Ada and Pontotoc County ..............................................4–60
4.8.4 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–61
4.8.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–62
4.8.6 Sources ............................................................................................................4–62
4.9 Expansive Soils ...........................................................................................................4–64
4.9.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–64
4.9.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–65
4.9.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–66
4.9.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–66
4.9.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–66
4.10 Urban Fires...................................................................................................................4–67
4.10.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–67
4.10.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–69
4.10.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–72
4.10.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–72
4.10.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–73
4.11 Wildfires ......................................................................................................................4–74
4.11.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–74
4.11.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–76
4.11.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–80
4.11.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–80
4.11.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–81
4.12 Earthquakes .................................................................................................................4–82
4.12.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–82
4.12.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–85
4.12.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–86
4.12.4 Earthquake Scenario ........................................................................................4–88
4.12.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–89
4.12.6 Sources ............................................................................................................4–89
4.13 Fixed Site Hazardous Material Events ........................................................................4–90
4.13.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–90
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4.13.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–92
4.13.3 Vulnerable Population .....................................................................................4–93
4.13.4 Conclusion .......................................................................................................4–96
4.13.5 Sources ............................................................................................................4–96
4.14 Dam Failures ...............................................................................................................4–97
4.14.1 Hazard Profile ..................................................................................................4–97
4.14.2 Historical Events .............................................................................................4–99
4.14.3 Vulnerable Population ...................................................................................4–100
4.14.4 Conclusion .....................................................................................................4–102
4.14.5 Sources ..........................................................................................................4–102
4.15 Transportation Hazards .............................................................................................4–104
4.15.1 Hazard Profile ................................................................................................4–104
4.15.2 Historical Events ...........................................................................................4–110
4.15.3 Vulnerable Population ...................................................................................4–112
4.15.4 Conclusion .....................................................................................................4–115
4.15.5 Sources ..........................................................................................................4–115
Chapter 5: Mitigation Goals and Objectives ........................................................... 155
The Research, Review, and Prioritization Process ........................................................155
Mitigation Categories ....................................................................................................156
5.1 Ada Hazard Mitigation Goals ........................................................................................157
5.1.1 Mission Statement .............................................................................................157
5.1.2 Mitigation Goal .................................................................................................157
5.1.3 Goals for All Natural Hazards ...........................................................................157
5.1.4 Specific Goals and Objectives for Particular Natural Hazards .........................157
Chapter 6: Action Plan and Mitigation Measures ................................................... 6–1
Chapter 7: Plan Maintenance and Adoption ........................................................... 7–1
Appen A: Glossary ....................................................................................................A–1
Appen B: Mitigation Strategies ................................................................................B–1
Appen C: Hazard Mitigation Committee meeting Attendance and Agendas .......C–1
Appen D: Hazardous Materials & First Response Information for Tier II Sites ....D–1
Appen E: Support Documents and Certifications .................................................. E–1
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List of Tables
Table 1–1:
Table 1–2:
Table 1–3:
Table 1–4:
Table 2–1:
Table 2–2:
Table 2–3:
Table 2–4:
Table 2–5:
Table 3–1:
Table 3–2:
Table 4–1:
Table 4–2:
Table 4–3:
Table 4–4:
Table 4–5:
Table 4–6:
Table 4–7:
Table 4–8:
Table 4–9:
Table 4–10:
Table 4–11:
Table 4–12:
Table 4–13:
Table 4–14:
Table 4–15:
Table 4–16:
Table 4–17:
Table 4–18:
Table 4–19:
Table 4–20:
Table 4–21:
Table 4–22:
Table 4–23:
Table 4–24:
Table 4–25:
City of Ada Population Data ....................................................................................13
Population Change, 1940-2000 ................................................................................13
Ada Water System ....................................................................................................17
Highway Traffic Counts ...........................................................................................19
Fire Department Resources ..................................................................................2–19
Police Department Resources ...............................................................................2–20
Public Works Department Resources ...................................................................2–21
Pontotoc County Sheriff Department Resources .................................................2–21
Chickasaw Nation Resources ...............................................................................2–22
ACAC and ATAC Meetings and Activities ...........................................................3–6
How and Why Hazards Were Identified ................................................................3–9
Sample Summary of Damages ...............................................................................4–6
Sample Hazard Analysis ........................................................................................4–7
Summary of Hazard Analysis Ranking Criteria .....................................................4–7
Secondary Hazard Events.......................................................................................4–8
Hazard Vulnerability by Jurisdiction .....................................................................4–8
Ada Drainage Basins ............................................................................................4–10
Ada Floodplain Building Vulnerability................................................................4–15
Fujita Scale and Enhanced Fujita Scale ...............................................................4–19
Tornadoes in Oklahoma and in Ada from 1950 to 2004 ......................................4–20
Tornado Fatalities in the United States ................................................................4–24
Ada Critical Facilities in the Tornado Path ..........................................................4–26
Ada Public Schools Critical Facilities in the Tornado Path .................................4–27
Ada Tornado Scenario Damages ..........................................................................4–27
Beaufort Scale of Wind Strength .........................................................................4–30
Saffir-Simpson Scale ............................................................................................4–30
High Wind Events in Ada from 1995 to 2004 .....................................................4–32
Casualties and Damages Caused by Lightning from 1995 to 2004 .....................4–36
Locations of Injurious Lightning Strikes .............................................................4–37
Casualties and Damages Caused by Hail from 1995 to 2004 ..............................4–40
Casualties and Damages Caused by Winter Storms from 1995 to 2004 ..............4–47
Deaths from Extreme Heat ...................................................................................4–53
Oklahoma Urban Fire Damages, Injuries & Deaths 1999-2003 ..........................4–69
City of Ada Urban Fire Damages, Injuries & Deaths 1999-2003 ........................4–70
Oklahoma Critical Facility Fires 1999-2003 ........................................................4–71
City of Ada Critical Facility Fires, 1999-2003 ....................................................4–71
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Table 4–26:
Table 4–27:
Table 4–28:
Table 4–29:
Table 4-30:
Table 4–31:
Table 4–32:
Table 4–33:
Table 4–34:
Table 4–35:
Table 4–36:
Table 4–37:
Table 4–38:
Table 5–1:
Oklahoma Grass and Crop Fires, 1999-2003 .......................................................4–76
Pontotoc County Grass and Crop Fires, 1999-2003 .............................................4–76
Ada Grass and Crop Fires, 1999-2003 .................................................................4–79
Comparison of Mercalli and Richter Scales .........................................................4–84
Earthquake Damage by Building Type ................................................................4–88
U.S. Hazardous Materials Incidents 1995-2004 ...................................................4–91
Ada Fixed Hazardous Materials Incidents 1995 - 2005 .......................................4–93
Ada Tier II Sites ...................................................................................................4–94
Critical Facilities Vulnerable to Fixed Site Hazardous Material Events..............4–94
Hazardous Material Transport Placards .............................................................4–109
Ada Mobile Hazardous Materials Incidents 1995 - 2005...................................4–112
Ada City Schools Facilities in the Transportation Corridor ...............................4–114
Ada Critical Facilities in the Transportation Corridor .......................................4–114
STAPLEE Prioritization and Review Criteria .......................................................155
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List of Figures
Figure 1–1:
Figure 1–2:
Figure 1–3:
Figure 1–4:
Figure 1–5:
Figure 1–6:
Figure 1–7:
Figure 2–1:
Figure 4–1:
Figure 4–2:
Figure 4–3:
Figure 4–4:
Figure 4-5:
Figure 4–6:
Figure 4–7:
Figure 4–8:
City of Ada City Limits and Fenceline ......................................................................7
City of Ada Base Map ................................................................................................8
Ada Land Cover Map .................................................................................................9
City of Ada Population Aged 65 and Above............................................................14
City of Ada Low Income Areas ...............................................................................15
City of Ada Critical Facilities ..................................................................................28
Ada City Schools Locations .....................................................................................30
City of Ada Warning Siren Locations ..................................................................2–18
Ada Drainage Basins ............................................................................................4–11
Ada Floodplains ...................................................................................................4–12
Historical Tornado Damages ................................................................................4–23
City of Ada Tornado Scenario..............................................................................4–25
Ada Earthquakes from 1980-2004 .......................................................................4–87
Ada Tier II Sites ...................................................................................................4–95
Dams in Ada .......................................................................................................4–101
Ada Transportation Corridor ..............................................................................4–113
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