Reproduction and Animal Production
EFFECTS OF COMBINATION OF VITAMIN C AND E ON
SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS AND HAEMATOLOGY OF
NIGERIAN MIXED-BREED DOGS IN ZARIA
MUSTAPHA1, R.A., BAWA2, E.K., AYO3, J.O., ATE1, I.U.,
ABDURRAHMAN4, M., LAWAL4, M. AND EHIMIYEIN5, M.A.
1*
Department of Theriogenology and Production, Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria
2
Artificial Insemination Unit, National Animal Production Research
Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
3
Deptarment of Veterinary Physiology, 4Department of Veterinary Surgery
and Radiology, 5Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria
*
Correspondence: E-mail: rhyme4bee@yahoo.com; Tel:
+2348035049184
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antioxidant vitamins,
Ascorbic acid (AA), vitamin E (VE) and their combination (AA + VE) on
semen characteristics, serum testosterone level and haematological
parameters. Nine (n = 9) healthy, sexually matured, Nigerian mixed-breed
male dogs aged 2-3 years with an average weight of 20 kg were used, and
were assigned into treated group of five (n = 5) and untreated group of four
(n = 4). The experiment was conducted in three phases, each lasting four
weeks, with an interval of four weeks between each treatment phase. Dogs
(n=5) were orally treated with 5 mg/kg AA (Phase 1), or 5 mg/kg VE (Phase
1
2), or 5 mg/kg AA + 5 mg/kg VE (Phase 3), while the control (n=4) received
5 ml normal saline for four weeks. Semen and blood were collected and
evaluated once weekly and results were expressed as mean ± standard error
of mean (mean ± S.E.M). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the
values of semen volume, sperm motility, semen concentration, sperm motility
and morphological defects recorded between the treated and the control
group. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the values of packed cell
volume and haemoglobin concentration recorded in the AA+VE-supplemented
group and control group. The highest values however were recorded in the
AA+VE-supplemented group (43.67 + 2.62 %). There were no significant
differences (P > 0.05) in the total and absolute leukocyte count between the
treated dogs and the control. In conclusion, supplementation with the
combination of vitamins C and E in the Nigerian mixed-breed dog enhanced
semen quality while supplementation with the combined Vitamins C and E
increased the erythrocytic parameters of the Nigerian mixed breed dog.
Key words: Antioxidants, Nigerian mixed-breed dogs, Semen quality,
Haematology
2
ULTRASOUND STUDY OF OVARIAN RESPONSE TO ADMINISTRATION OF
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) TO INDIGENOUS BITCHES
LAWAL1, M., HASSAN1, A.Z., CHOM2, N.D., REMI-ADEWUNMI1, B.D., IDRIS1,
S.Y. AND OGUNKOYA3, A.B.
1*
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
2
Department of Radiology Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika
Department of Veterinary Medicine Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
*
Correspondence: E-mail: lawmaruf@yahoo.com, mlawal@abu.edu.ng; Tel:
+2348079520549
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to document the sonographic changes that occur in the ovaries
following administration of two injections of Human Chorinic Gonadotropin (HCG) two
days apart. Ten matured Nigerian indigenous breed of bitches that had parturated at least
once and at most twice were used for the study. They were acquired from local dog
owners around Samaru and environs in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Their ages ranged from 2
½ to 3 ½ years, and weighed between 12 and 18 Kg. The bitches were housed in the
Canine Research Kennels of the Small Animal Unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria. They were fed once a day and
provided water ad libitum. The ovaries were studied before administration of HCG and
the results were documented. HCG was administered to each bitch on day 1 of the
experiment. The bitches were sonographically examined twice a day for the 6 months
3
duration of the experiment. The results showed that during the anoestrous period, the
ovaries were not always easy to locate. The ovaries were small in size, and appear a
slightly heterogeneous. In pro-oestrous bitches, the shape of the ovaries was easier to see
and the ovaries were found in a more caudo-ventral position from the kidneys. They were
found to contain several small circular anechoic follicles, surrounded by a thin echoic
wall, less than 1 mm in thickness. The size of the ovaries increases just before oestrus,
due to the large amount of anechoic fluid within the follicles, which made them easily
visible. At the time of ovulation, in some cases a complete disappearance of the follicular
cavities (follicular collapsus) can be visualized. This study shows that ultrasonography
can be utilized to follow the various phases of the reproductive cycle of indigenous
bitches as an aid in dog breeding programmes.
Key words: Ultrasound, Ovarian response, HCG, Indigenous Bitches
APPLICATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN EARLY PREGNANCY
DIAGNOSIS AND AGEING IN RED SOKOTO GOAT
BELLO¹*, A. A., LAWAL², M., VOH (Jr)³, A. A., OGWU¹, D. AND
TEKDEK4, B. L.
4
¹Department of Theriogenology and Production, ²Department of Surgery
and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University
Zaria
³National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Ahmadu Bello
University Zaria.
4Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University Zaria
*Correspondence: E-mail: Zyyor@yahoo.com ; +234 803 615 348 3
ABSTRACT
Early diagnosis of pregnancy and ageing using ultrasonography in Red
Sokoto Goat (RSG) was carried out in 52 pregnant does. The does were
randomly divided into three groups of 18, 18 and 16 as prostaglandin
F2-alpha (PGF2), progesterone (P4) sponges and control groups. A
double injection protocol of PGF2, 12-days apart, and progesterone
sponges, inserted for 12-days were used to synchronize oestrus. Seven
bucks were used as breeders while six as heat detectors. Intensive and
non-intensive oestrus detections were employed using visual and
apronisation methods. Standing to be mounted was used as the cardinal
sign of oestrus. At detected oestrus, the does were bred by handmating. Real-Time B-mode ultrasonography was used to diagnose and
age pregnancy in four different strategic ultrasonographic procedures
from the second week post-breading to the twentieth week of gestation.
Amniotic vesicle, conceptus and various foetal organs were used as
positive signs for pregnancy diagnosis and ageing. Overall pregnancy
accuracy was 80.8%. Amniotic vesicles were detected at the second
week (8 to 14 days) of gestation. Conceptus/Embryos were detected on
the fourth week (22 to 28 days) of gestation. Between days 43 to 147,
5
the foetuses and their specific developmental structural organs were
detected. It was concluded that early diagnosis of pregnancy and ageing
can be done with ultrasonography in Red Sokoto Goat does as early as
second week of gestation.
Key words: Early, Pregnancy, Diagnosis, Ageing, Red Sokoto goat
Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Treatment and the Ameliorative
Effects of Ascorbic Acid in Pregnant Wistar Rats
SAMSON O. EJEH, AGNES I. NWANNENNA and JOSEPH O. AYO
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
KEY WORDS: Dexamethasone, reproductive dysfunctions, ascorbic acid, ameliorative
effects, Wistar rats.
Dexamethasone (Dexa), a glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory medication used in humans,
domestic animals, birds and laboratory animals, is linked with generation of reactive
oxygen species and various reproductive dysfunctions. Ascorbic acid (Vit-C) is a
reducing agent which can neutralize reactive oxygen species. We investigated the
adverse effects of Dexa and the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (Vit-C) pretreatment in pregnant Wistar rats. Four groups of 10 pregnant Wistar rats each, were
treated with drinking water, Dexa (0.6 mg/Kg, i.m.), Vit-C (100 mg/animal, p.o.), and
Vit-C pre-treatment plus Dexa (DV), respectively. All treatments were carried out on
days 16, 17 and 18 of pregnancy. Observations were made for gestation lengths (days),
still-births (%), weak young (%), body weights (g) at birth and at weaning, and ages
(days) of pups at hair development and eye opening. Obtained values were expressed as
means
Standard Deviation (means
SD) and differences between two means were
evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Dexa treatment significantly (P < 0.05)
6
lowered mean ( SD) birth weight (3.5
0.3 g vs 4.6
0.6 g vs 4.9
0.7 g) and
increased mean ( SD) age of pups at hair development (8.1 0.7 days vs 6.6 0.8
days vs 7.0
0.0 days) when compared with controls and Vit-C pups, respectively.
Weak (moribund) young (66 %) were observed only in Dexa group and still-births only
in Dexa (17.5 %) and DV (11 %) groups. The adverse effects of Dexa on birth weight
(3.5 0.5 g vs 4.1 0.5 g) and age at hair development (8.1 0.7 days vs 7.6 0.06
days) were also significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated in the DV group. Mean ( SD)
gestation lengths (22.6 1.2 days, 23.0 0.0 days, 23.1 0.9 days and 23.6 days) in
dams, weaning body weights (14.2 0.6 g, 14.2 1.1 g, 13.9 1.3 g and 14.5 2.4 g)
of pups, and age (16.8 1.4 days, 17.0 1.2 days, 15.6 1.1 days and 17.0 0.7 days)
at eye opening between control, Dexa, Vit-C and DV respectively, were not significantly
(P > 0.05) different. These results indicate that Dexa treatment in third trimester of
pregnancy reduces viability of the young at birth and growth rate of the neonate in Wistar
rats; and that Vit-C pre-treatment ameliorates these adverse effects.
(Oral presentation please)
Experimental Trypanosoma congolense infection in Yankasa rams.
Observations on sperm head abnormalities
1,2,*
Okubanjo O.O. ; Ajanusi O.J1.; Sekoni V.O.3; Nok A. J.4;Ogwu D.1
1
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology,Ahmadu Bello
University, Zaria
2
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology,College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue state.
3
College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State
4
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
*
Corresponding Author e-mail:sokubanjo2002@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out using Trypanosoma congolense isolated from a
bovine in Lafia in Nassarawa state of Nigeria. Six out of nine clinically
7
healthy, intact, uncastrated rams whose testes were examined clinically by
palpation and maintained under zero grazing for over a year were
experimentally infected through the jugular vein with 1 x 10 6 Trypanosoma
congolense in 2mls. of blood. The effects of the parasite on reproduction in
Yankasa rams was investigated over a forty-five week period. All infected
rams became parasitaemic within a period of 7 – 11 days post infection.
Fluctuating levels of parasitaemia and pyrexia occurred but no mortalities
were observed. Clinical signs seen included peri- orbital and scrotal oedema,
emaciation, increase in reaction time of semen collection and an increase in
percentage of sperm abnormalities from an initial 4.89% to 91.2% ( P <
0.001) in infected rams. In addition to an overwhelming increase in
percentage of sperm abnormalities in infected rams, the highest recorded
abnormality post infection was a mean of 91.20% (8 weeks post infection)
Mean preinfection value of sperm head abnormalities which was well within
normal range (0.04%) at day of infection rose drastically to a postinfection
mean of 7.67% at the end of the study (9 weeks P.I.) in infected rams. At the
end of the pre- infection period the percentage abnormalities increased
steadily from week one post infection to a maximum value of 9.55% attained
by seven weeks post infection. In comparison, pre infection values (0..8 –
1.0) and post – infection values (0.08 – 0.67%) for the control reams were all
8
within normal ranges. The results from this study shows mean values of the
various sperm morphological abnormalities recorded as responsible for
rendering the rams temporarily unsuitable for breeding. It is concluded that
trypanosomosis due to T. congolense infection may be an important
economic causative factor of infertility in rams in trypanosomosis endemic
areas of Africa
Symptoms of Drug Exposure in the Offspring of Wistar Rats
administered with Dexamethasone in Different Trimesters of Gestation
A. I. NWANNENNA, J. O. AYO, I. U. ATE, D. OGWU and L. O. EDUVIE
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
KEY WORDS: Dexamethasone, Wistar rats, pregnancy, offspring, growth profile
Glucocorticoids are considered an important cause of reproductive influence in
mammals. The aim of this work was to study the symptoms of the drug exposure in the
offspring of Wistar rats administered with Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic, long-acting
glucocorticoid, during pregnancy. We investigated litter size, birth weight, and growth
profile of offspring in 4 groups (n = 20) of timed–pregnant rats. Three groups were
treated with Dex (0.6 mg/Kg, i.m.) for 3 to 4 days in the first (GD 0 - 3), second (GD 12 14) and third (GD 16 - 19) trimesters of pregnancy, respectively. The fourth group
(control) received saline injections in the third (GD saline) trimester. Pups were
9
physically examined daily for changes in litter size, body weight and appearance and age
at hair development and eye opening. Calculations were made for mean litter size at birth
and at weaning, body weight at birth, day 5 and at day 21 (weaning age), and mean age at
double birth weight, appearance of lanugos, hair development and eye opening. Mean
values were compared between treatment groups and between treatment and control. .
Maternally administered dexamethasone in pregnancy presented obvious symptoms on
the offspring. Pups presented varying degrees of palor, cachexia and body score index
from birth to weaning according to the trimester. Dexamethasone had no adverse effect
on litter size at birth but percentage litter size at weaning in the control group was
significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the second and third trimesters, but not the
first trimester (P > 0.05). The effect on mean body weight of pups was significant (P <
0.05) at birth, but not at day 5 or at weaning age (P > 0.05). Age of offspring at different
stages of development was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with dexamethasone groups
than control. In conclusion, symptoms of dexamethasone administration in pregnancy
appear as late development of growth parameters and poor body score index in the
offspring of Wistar rats.
Enhanced spermiogram in salt induced hypertensive Wistar albino rats
Adeleye O.E.1*, Famuyiwa S.O.1, Olukunle J.O. 1, Adetomiwa A.S. 2 and Adeleye
A.I.3
10
1. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary
Medicine,
University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.
2. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Reproduction, College of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta.
3. Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Agriculture,
Abeokuta.
*eayerbour@yahoo.com, adeleyeoe@unaab.edu.ng
Abstract
Dietary salt intake has also been shown from epidemiological studies to be related
to the incidence of high blood pressure in some communities (Turswell, 1985 and
Sofola, 1992).
An investigation was conducted to determine the effect of salt induced hypertension
on the reproductive functions of male Wistar albino rats.
Results obtained showed that high saline concentration (1.2%) which induces
hypertension also enhanced progressive motility of sperm (P= 0.0006) and sperm
percentage livability (P= < 0.0001 and 0.000).
On the other hand, 0.8% saline concentration induced hypertension and also
affected sperm cells negatively in that a higher percentage of abnormal sperm cells
were observed (P= < 0.0001).
Sperm mass activity was significantly reduced in the 0.8% saline group
(P= 0.0077).
Sperm concentration was also significantly reduced in the 0.8% saline group (P=
0.0005).
It was discovered that 1.2% saline drink did not cause deleterious effect on sperm
cells while inducing hypertension and 0.8% did.
It is now established that while a particular concentration of salt enhances male
fertility, other concentrations (0.8%) do not.
Effects of Momordica charantia on the serum chemistry and some
Reproductive parameters in the Female Wistar Rats.
Oyeyemi M.O.,¹ Esan Oluwaseun.,² Esan O.O.,¹ Oyerinde C.M.¹
11
¹Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
²Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Corresponding Author
Dr Esan Oluwaseun.
Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
E-Mail:oiuseunsol@yahoo.co.uk
Phone: +2348069217610.
Abstract:
The effects of the leaf extract of Momordica charantia commonly known as Bitter
melon on serum chemistry and some Reproductive organs were studied in the
female wistar rats.
The rats were treated with a daily dose of 300mg and 600mg per os of the leaf
extract for seven (7) days while control group received distilled water. There was a
significant difference (P˂0.05) between the mean Packed cell volume, White blood
cell Values, Mean corpuscular volume, Mean heamatocrit concentration and Mean
corpuscular heamatocrit concentration of the different groups.
There was a significant difference (P˂0.05) in the valves of Protein, Albumin,
Globulin, Sodium, Blood urea nitrogen and AST between the groups.
For the reproductive indices, there was a significant difference (P˂0.05) in the mean
value of the length of the uterine horn and diameter of the right ovary whereas;
there is no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean length values for the other
parts of the reproductive tract across the groups.
There was a significant difference (P˂0.05) in the mean values of the weight of the
left ovary across the groups but between the groups in the right ovary. However,
there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the mean values of the weight of the
left and right kidneys, spleen and the weight of reproductive tract.
This result therefore, suggests that the leaf extract of Momordica charantia probably
induce follicular growth which may be responsible for the heavier ovaries in the test
groups.
Key Words: Momordica charantia, Female Reproduction, Witar Rat.
12
Morphometric Analysis of the Pelvic Limbs of Broiler Chickens treated with
Chickimmune®
Nwufor O.C.1*; Fasanmi G.O1.; Ajayi J.O. 1; Ademiju A.H. 1; Olukole S.G2.
1
Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural
Training and Research, Ibadan, Nigeria.
2
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Ibadan, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: E-Mail: yemmy21a@gmail.com
Abstract
The morphometric analysis of the pelvic limbs of 40 day old broiler chickens treated with
Chickimmune® was carried out with the aim of determining the effect of the drug on the
growth of the pelvic limbs of the birds. Chickimmune® is a nutritional supplement
scientifically formulated to promote growth of birds and is usually administered within
the first 72 hours of life in birds. The birds were assigned to 5 groups of 8 birds each:
control (normal medication and vaccination); Chickimmune® alone; Chickimmune®
with medication; Chickimmune® with vaccination; and Chickimmune®, medication and
vaccination. The Chickimmune® mixture was obtained by mixing the 200mg pack in 2
litres of water which was then administered to the birds. The birds were feed with rations
13
with 22% crude protein and 3112.40 Kcal mg/kg energy during the starter stage. For the
finisher stage, 20.7% crude protein and 2995.94 Kcal mg/kg energy feed was used. The
experiment lasted for 8 weeks after which the birds were weighed, slaughtered and the
muscles of the pelvic limbs were removed to investigate the morphometry of the pelvic
bones of the birds. The average weight of the birds was 2.4 kg. A total of 20 parameters
comprising the lengths and circumference of the left and right femur, tibia, fibula,
tarsometatarsus and digits were measured for each group and data recorded as mean and
standard error of mean while analysis of mean was carried out using the 2 way ANOVA.
There was no significant difference (P> 0.05) among the groups although the group with
the combination of Chickimmune®, medication and vaccination had the longest and
widest pelvic limbs. It is recommended that for effective growth of the broiler limbs, the
combination of Chickimmune®, medication and vaccination should be adopted.
Key words: Chickimmune®, broiler, morphometry, pelvic limb.
Haematological parameters of Broiler Chickens treated with Chickimmune®
Fasanmi G.O1*.; Nwufor O.C.;1 Oladele-Bukola M.O. 2; Aladeyantan A.I. 1; Olaoye A.S.
1
1
Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Institute of Agricultural Training and Research, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*
Corresponding Author: E-Mail: yemmy21a@gmail.com
Abstract
14
The haematological parameters of Broiler Chickens treated with Chickimmune® were
investigated with the aim of determining the effect of the drug on the general metabolism
of the birds. Chickimmune® is a nutritional supplement scientifically formulated to
promote growth of birds and is usually administered within the first 72 hours of life in
birds. The birds were assigned to 5 groups of 8 birds each: control (normal medication
and
vaccination);
Chickimmune®
alone;
Chickimmune®
with
medication;
Chickimmune® with vaccination; and Chickimmune®, medication and vaccination. The
Chickimmune® mixture was obtained by mixing the 200mg pack in 2 litres of water
which was then administered to the birds. The birds were feed with rations with 22%
crude protein and 3112.40 Kcal mg/kg energy during the starter stage. For the finisher
stage, 20.7% crude protein and 2995.94 Kcal mg/kg energy feed was used. The
experiment lasted for 8 weeks after which the birds were weighed and bled intravenously
using the jugular vein. The mean values for the RBC, PCV, Hb, MCV, MCH and WBC
counts showed no significant difference (P>0.05) across the groups. However, there were
significant differences (P< 0.05) in the lymphocytes and neutrophils encountered between
the group treated with Chickimmune® alone and all the other treated groups. These
increase in counts in lymphocytes and neutrophils suggest certain either an ongoing
infection or an alteration in the immune status of the animals in response to the
administration of Chickimmune® alone. It is being recommended that the administration
of Chickimmune® alone should not be adopted in broiler production.
Key Words: Chickimmune®, broiler, haematological parameters.
15
ORAL PRESENTATION
EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF CLOPROJECT® AS AN ESTROUS
SYNCHRONIZING AGENT IN THE WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) GOAT
ANYA, K.O1*, and R.A. SALAUDEEN
* Correspondence author (Kenneth.anya@unn.edu.ng 07062496170).
Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, University
of Nigeria, Nsukka
ABSTRACT
Some reproductive parameters such as estrous response (ER),
synchronized conception rate (SCR) and synchronized pregnancy rate (SPR)
were used to evaluate the efficacy of cloproject® (0.025% cloprostenol; an
analogue of PGF2α; KEPRO, BV, Holland) as an estrous synchronizing agent for
West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Seven WAD (2 nulliparous and 5 parous) does
aged between 1 and 4 years and weighing between 8 and 15Kg were used for
the study.
A two intramuscular (250µg) injections protocol, 11 days apart was
adopted. Six of the treated does exhibited standing heat following the second
cloproject® injection (SCI), giving a synchronization rate of 85.7%. The mean
interval between SCI and standing heat was 46.7+/-0.5 hr. One nulliparous doe
did not exhibit estrus four days following SCI. Of the six does that exhibited
standing heat and were hand-bred, 5 (1 nulliparous and 4 parous) does had
significantly higher day 21 (day 0=day of estrus/first breeding) serum
progesterone (P4) concentration when compared to day 0-3 (p≤ 0.05). All five
does were subsequently confirmed pregnant by sonographic imaging on day 22.
One doe with low day 21 serum P4 concentration was also diagnosed non
pregnant by sonography, giving a SCR and SPR of 83.3% and 71.4%
respectively. Sonographic cyesiognosis demonstrated twin pregnancies in two of
the parous does. All 5 pregnant does subsequently kidded. A total of 7 kids were
got from the 5 kiddings, giving a kidding rate per doe of 1.4.
The result of this work shows that cloproject® can be an effective estrous
synchronizing agent for use in WAD goats.
KEYWORDS
Cloproject®, WAD goats, Fertility, Estrous synchronization.
16
STANDARDIZATION OF GOAT FARMING: A PANACEA TO INCREASED
PROTEIN INTAKE IN NIGERIA
RAJI, L.O.,1 AJALA, O.O.1 AND JAGUN, A.T. 2
1Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, University of Ibadan,
Ibadan.
2Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
*Corresponding Author: lukmanraji_ui@yahoo.com,
+2348038261951
ORAL PRESENTATION
ABSTRACT
Goat farming occupies an important position in the livestock sector. Indigenous
sheep and goat which are also called “the cattle of the poor” are owned by the
majority of smallholder rural farmers. These small ruminants are useful to
humans during periods of cyclical and unpredictable food shortages especially as
a good protein source. The small size and early maturity which characterise
these animals makes them economically preferable in small-holder situations
than cattle. Breeding of these small animals is vital to the sustainability of the
farm stock. A buck represents half a herd of a breeding goat farm. A bad buck
can ruin a herd just as fast as a good buck can improve it. A good buck can sire
many females, at least ratio 1: 5. However, there are no recorded standards for
breeder bucks in Nigeria. Guidelines are needed to be developed for assessing
viability of stock in order to forestall repeat breeder syndrome and the attendant
reproductive failure. This paper therefore discusses the introduction of age, body
weights, body conformation scores and scrotal circumference measurements as
simple tools for on the farm assessment of breeder bucks in the West African
Dwarf goats. Adoption of this innovation by farmers and veterinarians will
improve goat production and increase protein in-take especially amongst the less
privileged in Nigeria.
KEY WORDS: Buck goats, scrotal circumference, standards, protein.
17
Oral presentation: Reproduction and Animal Production
Administration of equine chronic gonadotrophin concurrent with
progestagen withdrawal enhances estrus response in Red Sokoto and
Sahel goats
B. O. Omontese1, P. I. Rekwot2, I.U. Ate1, J.S. Rwuaan1 and H.J. Makun3
1Department of Theriogenology and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
2Artificial Insemination Unit, National Animal Production Research Institute,
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
3Small Ruminant Research Programme, National Animal Production Research
Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of concurrent administration of
equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) following progestagen (EAZI-Breed™
CIDR® and FGA-30® sponge) treatment on oestrus response (ORR) and
pregnancy rates (PR) in Red Sokoto (RS) and Sahel (SH) breed of goats. RS
does (n=78) and SH does (n=79) were treated with progestagens (RS-CIDR;
n=18, RS-CIDReCG; n=19, RS-FGA; n=20, RS-FGA; n=21, SH-CIDR; n=17, SHCIDReCG, n=16, SH-FGA; n=23 and SH-FGAeCG, n=23) for 15 days. Does in
groups RS-CIDReCG, RS-FGAeCG, SH-CIDReCG and SH-FGAeCG received
400 IU eCG i.m concurrent with progestagen withdrawal. Does in estrus were
identified twice daily (morning and evening) for 5 days using sexually active buck
and bred on standing estrus. Pregnancy was determined by trans-cutaneous
ultrasonography on day 30 after natural mating. Oestrus response rates (ORR) of
22 % (RS-CIDR), 84 % (RS-CIDReCG), 45 % (RS-FGA), 95 % (RS-FGAeCG),
47 % (SH-CIDR), 100 % (CIDReCG), 57 % (FGA) and 74 % (FGAeCG) were
obtained. ORR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the groups receiving eCG
treatment following progestagen withdrawal. Time to onset of oestrus (TOE) was
shorter while duration of induced oestrus (DOE) was longer in the eCG treated
does (RS-CIDReCG, RS-FGAeCG, SH-CIDReCG and SH-FGAeCG) than in the
progestagen alone (RS-CIDR, RS-FGA, SH-CIDR and SH-FGA) treated does.
Pregnancy rates did not differ (p>0.05) between groups. It is concluded that
administration of eCG following a 15-day progestagen treatment enhances
oestrus response rates, decreases time to onset of estrus and increases duration
of the induced estrus period in Red Sokoto and Sahel goats.
Keywords: Red Sokoto, Sahel, goat, progestagens, gonadotrophin, estrus,
pregnancy
18
DETECTION OF STANDING HEAT IN BITCHES: APPLICATION OF VAGINAL
CYTOLOGY
1LEIGH, O.O; 2DIAKODUE, E. AND 3RAJI, O.L.
1,2&3Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan.
Corresponding Author: Dr. O.O. Leigh
Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Reproduction,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Ibadan.
Phone:
08033266825.
E-mail:
damilareolufisayoleigh@gmail.com
ORAL PRESENTATION
AREA OF RESEARCH: REPRODUCTION
ABSTRACT
Many questions bothering on canine reproduction remain unanswered. The
reliability of vaginal cytology for the determination of the optimal mating period
had been reported to be controversial. The aim of this investigation was to
determine the effectiveness/strength of exfoliative vaginal cytology for the
detection of standing heat using twelve adult German shepherd bitches weighing
between 28.5 and 35.0kg. Daily vaginal smears were collected beginning from
proestrus (+proestrual bleeding) until the first successful mating occurred. The
vaginal smears were stained with Giemsa and viewed under x40 using Olympus
microscope. Predominating epithelial cells (Large Intermediate Epithelial CellsLIEC, and Giant Anuclear Cells- GAC) at 38.0 + 21.6 hours before, and at
standing heat were assessed. The mean percentages before and at standing
heat were 49.17% and 50.81% for LIEC, and 45.30% and 54.68% for GAC
respectively. The differences between LIEC before (24.0 ± 14.7), and at standing
heat (35.4 ± 18.1), as well as between GAC (48.7 ± 21.2) and LIEC (35.4 ± 18.1)
at standing heat were not significant (P > 0.05). The differences between GAC
before (38.3 ± 17.1), and at standing heat (48.7 ± 21.2), as well as GAC (38.3 ±
17.1) and LIEC (24.0 ± 14.7) before standing heat were however significant (P <
0.05). These findings indicate the usefulness of vaginal cytology in the
determination of standing heat in bitches.
KEY WORDS: STANDING HEAT, DETERMINATION, GERMAN SHEPHERD
BITCH, VAGINAL CYTOLOGY.
19
TWINNING IN CATTLE: A SURVEY OF FARMS IN IBADAN AND OYO
SUBURBS
1RAJI, L.O; 2 LEIGH, O.O AND 3JAGUN, A.T
1&2Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan.
3Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan.
Corresponding Author: Dr. L.O. Raji
Department of Veterinary Surgery and
Reproduction,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of
Ibadan.
Phone:
08038261951.
E-mail:
lukmanraji_ui@yahoo.com
ORAL PRESENTATION
ABSTRACT
Twinning in cattle is not desirable due to its negative effects both on the cows
calving twins as well as the twin calves. However, certain farms are currently
having incidences of Twinning Deliveries (TD) in cattle. This study is a survey
involving 100 cattle farms located in Ibadan and Oyo suburbs of Oyo State,
Nigeria. A survey questionnaire was prepared and administered among
herdsmen in the farms. The mean percentage for TD in the farms was 0.14%.
For foetuses without Placenta Anastomosis (PA), TD of female and male calves
was 14.29% and 50.00% respectively while TD of opposite sexes was 28.5%.
The occurrence of TD with PA was 71.14%. The percentage neonatal survivals
were 100%, 50% and 0% for 10, 3 and 1 cow(s) respectively. The reproductive
performances of the calves after puberty were assessed. For calves with PA,
88% of female twins were pregnant while 9% had calved. The remaining 3%
were under investigation. 92% of male twins had been used to serve other cows
successfully while the statuses of the remaining 8% were being investigated.
75% of females born co-twin to males had calved and 66.7% of the males had
been used to serve females successfully. For the twin calves born with PA, the
female was anoestrus while the male was sold out on the grounds of nonperformance. These observations indicate that twinning (same or opposite
sexes) in cattle may be desirable where association of gestation with PA is
preventable.
KEY WORDS: TWINNING, PLACENTA ANASTOMOSIS, CATTLE, CALVES.
20
STUDIES ON SOME REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF THE
GRASSCUTTER (THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS) IN SOUTH – WEST
NIGERIA
1FADEYI, O; 1AJALA, O.O; 2OBUDU, C. E. & 3NAFARNDA, W. D.
1Dept. of Veterinary Surgery & Reproduction,
University of Ibadan,
Ibadan, Oyo State.
NIGERIA.
2Dept. of Theriogenology , &
3Dept. of Public Health & Preventive Medicine,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
University of Abuja,
PMB 117, Gwagwalada,
Abuja, FCT
NIGERIA.
2Corresponding
Author
E-mail: ceobudu@yahoo.com
Tel: +234 816 900 1324
ABSTRACT:
A survey of seven grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) farms located in Oyo,
Ogun and Lagos States, south-west Nigeria was carried out in order to analyze
farm records concerning some reproductive parameters such as gestation length,
litter size, sex ratio, birth weight and weaning age and weight. The overall
objective of the study was to validate existing information, some of which has
been inconsistent and often contradictory. Such knowledge is required to
encourage prospective farmers adopt captive breeding of the grasscutter and
hence reduce the incidence of environmental degradation associated with bush
burning which is the usual mode of capture of the animal from the wild. Results
indicated that the gestation length of grasscutters was 156 .61 ± 1.02 days, litter
size of 4.6 ± 0.28, a sex ratio of 1.45 ± 0.13 males : 1 female, weaning age of
28.56 ± 0.38 and birth weight of 133.55 ± 42.31g. This study shows that with
good management, grasscutters can be weaned at 4 weeks of age in this
environment without any adverse effects on the survivability of the young ones,
instead of the 6 weeks advocated in certain quarters. This practice would make it
possible for farmers to breed their stock twice a year for enhanced profitability.
KEY WORDS: Biology, Fecundity, Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus),
Reproduction, Nigeria.
21
Morphological Studies on the Ovaries of Pre-Pubertal Grasscutter
(Thryonomysswinderianus, Temminck 1827)
*B.O. Onoja1and D. N. Ezeasor2
1.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Agriculture, Makurdi,
Benue State, Nigeria.
2.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu
State, Nigeria.
*Correspondence
E-mail: drbenoj@yahoo.com
Tel.: +234(0)8035958939
ABSTRACT
10 Female grasscutters of 1-6 months old were used. They were divided into 3
age groups viz: early, mid and late pre-pubertal age groups. They were
acclimatized for 4 weeks, during which they were fed three times daily with
elephant grass (Penniseteum purpureum) and commercially prepared pelleted
poultry diet. They were sedated for 5 minutes in an air-tight container using liquid
chloroform on a towel. Their live weights were obtained using a weighing balance
and returned into the air-tight container into and the ovaries photographed in-situ.
The ovaries were then carefully dissected out. The weights and lengths of the
ovaries were obtained in grams (g) and centimeters (cm) respectively. Grossly,
the ovaries in all the age groups (early, mid and pre-pubertal ages) were creamcoloured. The ovaries were oval in the early, getting more rounded at the
mid, and almost round at the late pre-pubertal ages. Ovarian mean weights and
standard errors of the means (SEM) were 0.038±0.019, 0.022±0.006 and
0.051±0.009 for early, mid and late pre-pubertal ages respectively. The mean
lengths and starndard errors of the means (SEM) were 0.725±0.025,
0.688±0.045, 0.975±0.062 for early, mid and late pre- pubertalages respectively.
Histologically, primordial follicles surrounded by the tunica albuginea were
predominant in the ovaries at early, primordial and primary follicles being
predominant at the mid, and antral follicles being present at the late pre-pubertal
ages.
Keywords:Morphological, Ovaries, Pre-Pubertal, Grasscutter
Preliminary report on unilateral cryptorchid bulls slaughtered at the Sokoto
abattoir
*Adeyeye, A. A. and Wakkala, S.
22
Department of Theriogenology and Animal Production
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.
* Corresponding author – ayo4wale@hotmail.com; 2348023246320.
ABSTRACT
Report from an on-going study to determine the occurrence of cryptorchidism in
bulls slaughtered at the Sokoto abattoir reveals that out of 343 pairs testes in the
bulls examined, 7 (2.04%) were cryptorchid (retained). Four of which occurred on
the left testis while 3 were on the right. Three cryptorchid were seen among the
Red Bororo breed while 2 each were seen among crosses and the Sokoto
Gudali. According to age, 4 occurred in the young (< 1 years) while 1 each
occurred in age groups 1 ≥ - < 2 years, 2 ≥ - < 3 years and 3 ≥ - < 4 year. Six of
the cryptorchid were subcutaneous testes while 1 was an abdominal testis. The
mean testicular height, mid circumference and weight of the retained testes were
significantly smaller compared to the descended testes. The resultant effect on
reproduction is discussed in the paper.
Keywords: Cryptorchid, dysgenesis. Infertility, Sokoto
REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIALS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAM TREATED
WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya).
M. O Oyeyemi ⃰ and Ajani O.S
23
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Key words: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Heamatological parameters, Semen
characteristics.
⃰ Corresponding Author.
ABSTRACT
Background: Chaya is traditionally being used in the treatment of ailments
including diabetes, obesity, kidney stones, hemorrhoids, acne, and eye problems.
And its shoots and leaves are being fed to animals as a laxative, diuretic,
circulation stimulant, to improve digestion, to stimulate lactation, but no study has
been carried out to establish its implication on reproduction in animals especially
sheep. This study is therefore carried out to know the effect of Chaya plant
extract on the reproductive potentials of West African Dwarf Breeding Rams.
Methods: Eight West African Dwarf Rams were used in this study. The
experiment spanned through 14 weeks. The weight of the animals was between
20kg-25kg and the age between 18-24 months at the completion of the
experiment. These animals were divided into groups A and B, there were 4
animals in each group. The animals were fed on concentrates and Chaya leaf
extract. Group A was fed with 20% Chaya leaf extract while Group B was fed
with 30% Chaya leaf extract.
Results: The result showed a mild effect on the semen characteristics though
there were no significant changes (P>0.05) in the semen volume, motility,
percentage livability and the semen count (sperm concentration). The total
abnormal sperm cells were increasing as week post treatment increases. There
was also no significant effect (P>0.05) on the semen morphology as the number
of morphologically abnormal sperm cells was within the normal percentage of
(10%) reported by Reece, (1997).
It had only a mild effect on the blood picture as there was reduction in the
Haemoglobin value for the group treated with 20% extract, control from
(12.27±0.70%) to (9.43±0.39%) at 2nd week and then slightly increased, though
not significant (P>0.05), to (10.93±0.43%) at 4th week post-treatment.
There was a progressive increase in the ESR as the week post treatment
increases in both groups treated with 20% and 30%, although this increase was
not significant (P>0.05). No significant effect (P>0.05) was noticed on all other
blood parameters.
Hormonal assay result reveals that there is a progressive decrease in
Testosterone values of WAD rams fed 30% as the week post treatment
increases. Testosterone value decreased from control (7.48± 9.48) to
24
(6.90±10.34) at 2nd week post treatment and further decreased to (1.33±0.44) at
4th week post treatment, although the changes were not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The use of 20% or 30% aqueous extract of Cnidoscolus
aconitifolius for a period of four weeks has a mild effect on the spermiogram,
heamatology and serum testosterone value of West African Dwarf rams.
Therefore, the prolonged feeding of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius may cause infertility
in the male animals.
THE EFFECTS OF ARTESUNATE AND CHLOROQUINE ON REPRODUCTIVE
POTENTIAL OF THE FEMALE WISTAR RAT
25
Matthew Olugbenga Oyeyemi; Adetoun Olubukola Ekanade and Benedict
Akpodedeh Otarigho
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author
Matthew O. Oyeyemi
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction
University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
momattyemi@gmail.com
mo.oyeyemi@mail.ui.edu.ng
+2348038059952
ABSTRACT
Background: Artesunate and Chloroquine are commonly used in malaria
therapy. Many anti-malaria drugs have been associated with reproductive
dysfunction. This work is therefore carried out to know the effect of two
antimalarial drugs (Chloroquine and Artesunate) on the reproductive tract of the
female Wistar rats.
Methods: 15 female Wistar rats with an average weight of 200grams were
randomly selected to three different groups. Group A was the control group,
while Group B and Group C were the experimental groups.
Group A was given distilled water while group B received Chloroquine at a dose
rate of 0.57 mg/kg for a period of three days. Group C rats received Artesunate
at a dose rate of 4mg/kg for the first day then 2mg/kg daily for the next six
consecutive days.
Results: Hematological finding reveals that there were significant difference in
the mean values of the white blood cell concentration between the control group
(group A) and group B. The PCV values should no significant difference (P >
0.05) between the group A (37.6), group B (31, 6) and group C (34.2).
The mean and standard deviation of percentage weight of reproductive organs to
that of the body weight showed that rats treated with Chloroquine (group B) have
significant differences (P < 0.05) reduced length and diameter of the ovaries and
cervix compared with those of the control group (group A).
Conclusion: Comparing the data obtained, it can be deduced that prolonged
administration of Chloroquine can cause a significant atrophy of the reproductive
tracts of the female Wistar rat than prolong administration of Artesunate.
Keywords: Artesunate, Chloroquine, Female Wistar rat, Reproductive potential.
DYSTOCIA AND FOETAL MUMMIFICATION IN A WEST AFRICAN DWARF
DOE
(A CASE REPORT)
26
OGBU, E. O; OMAMEGBE, J. O; UKAHA, R; NJOKU, U.N; NNAKWE, K. AND
NWOHA, R. I. OΩ
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology,
Ω
Department of Veterinary
Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike
Contact Address: Dr E. O. Ogbu, Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology,
College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike,
Abia State.
Tel: +2348037838750. e-mail: talk2eby11@yahoo.com
A three year old, tri-gravidae West african dwarf (WAD) doe with dystocia of about 18
hours duration, was presented at the department of Veterinary Surgery and
Theriogenology of the Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike.
At presentation, parturition efforts had ceased, the vital parameters were normal while
abdominal palpation revealed a solid mass on the right flank of the abdomen suggesting
the presence of a foetus(es)
Based on clinical findings, a diagnosis of dystocia due to mal-presentation and/or malpositioning with non viable foetus(es) was made and was successfully relieved by a
routine caesarian section (CS).
The dystocia was found to be caused by a mummified foetus and a full term mal
presented and mal positioned foetus.
Key words: dystocia, mummification , caesarian section, doe
COLOSTOMY FOR THE RELIEF OF A RECTOVAGINAL FISTULA (RVF)
AND ATRESIA RECTI (AR) IN A SOW: A CASE REPORT
Jeremiah, K.C, Omamegbe, J. O, Ukaha, R.O, Njoku, U.N, Ogbu, E.O. and
Uzuegbu, O.M*
27
Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenolgy, and *Veterinary Teaching
Hospital, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
Correspondence:E-mail: kclaughs@yahoo.com Tel:+2348037575024
A nine month old sow was presented at the surgery unit of the College of
Veterinary Medicine Michael Okpara of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State with a
complaint of defaecating and urinating through the same orifice. On clinical examination,
it was found that the sow had no anal orifice and that both faeces and urine were being
voided through the vulva. The animal was in good body condition. Based on the history
and clinical findings, a recto-vaginal cum atresia ani was diagnosed. The sow was
managed surgically by creating a colostomy on the caudo-ventral abdominal wall. The
surgery was successful, A the sow fully recovered, served and farrowed normally.
Key word: colostomy, recto-vaginal fistula, sow
28