Midterm 2 Study Questions
1. Each pound of fat represents _______ kcals of stored energy.
a. 2000
b. 2500
c. 3000
d. 3500
e. 4000
2 Which of the following foods are rich sources of saturated fatty
acids?
a. cashew nuts
b. olive and canola oil
c. canola and corn oil
d. butter and lard
3. Eicosapentataenoic acid (EPA) and diocosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
are metabolic derivatives of:
a. trans fat
b. alph-linolenic acid
c. linoleic acid
d. cholesterol
4. Omega-3 fatty acid has its end-most double bond _______ carbons
from the end of its carbon chain.
a. one
b. three
c. five
d. six
5. Olestra is also called sucrose polyester. Although this at first
thought sounds like a pair of pants your grandfather might wear,
in actuality it describes a molecule which contains ______ and
__________.
a. sucrose, fatty acids
b. sucrose, amino acids
c. sucrose, carbohydrates
d. sucrose, vitamins
e. vitamins, minerals
6. Familial hypercholesterolemia is characterized by:
a. the absence of LDL-receptors
b. very high levels of HDL-cholesterol
c. a deficiency of the omega-3 fatty acids
d. internal hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fats
e. lack of pancreatic lipase enzyme
7. Diets high in trans-fatty acids are associated with:
a. decreased cancer risk
b. increased blood cholesterol levels
c. osteoporosis
d. decreased blood glucose levels
8. Which are recommended serum cholesterol (milligrams per deciliter) and
blood pressure (millimeters of mercury (HG)) levels according to the American
Heart Association?
a. under 200; under 160/105
b. under 240; under 140/90
c. over 200;
under 140/90
d. under 200; under 120/80
e. under 240; over 140/90
9. What dictates the structure of a protein molecule synthesized by
the body?
a. the body's need for a protein
b. the DNA inside the nucleus of the cell
c. the number of essential amino acids available
d. the combination of proteins consumed in the diet
10. When amino acids are degraded for energy, their amino groups are
stripped off and used elsewhere or incorporated by the liver into:
a. bile
b. urea
c. glucose
d. feces
11. Negative nitrogen balance occurs in
a. people confined to bed rest
b. growing children
c. pregnant women
d. lactating women
12. The process of combining two incomplete proteins to make a complete
protein is called:
a. the protein combining method
b. amino acid sequencing method
c. mutual supplementation
d. protein
13. Proteins can help to maintain acid-base balance by
a. releasing or binding hydrogen ion as needed.
b. producing additional carbohydrates as needed.
c. producing additional lipids as needed.
d. b and c
e. none of the above.
14. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding free radicals?
a. free radicals are formed as a by-product of healthy metabolism
b. our body has no mechanism to combat free radicals
c. exposure to pollution increases free radical production
d. many diseases, such as cancer and heart disease, are linked to
free radical damage
15. How do antioxidant vitamins stabilize free radicals?
a. donate electrons or hydrogens
b. enzymatic destruction
c. phagocytosis
d. break down and convert them to less damaging molecules
16. Which water soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it
has been oxidized?
a. vitamin D
b. vitamin B12
c. vitamin C
d. folate
17. Which of the following organs is responsible for the synthesis of
vitamin D?
a. skin
b. liver
c. kidneys
d. all of the above
18. Vitamin K serves as a(n)_____to various enzymes involved in the
coagulation of blood
a. inhibitor
b. coenzyme
c. antagonist
d. carrier
19. The primary role of the B-complex vitamins is to:
a. provide the body with energy
b. act as coenzymes
c. maintain and repair body tissues
d. maintain acid-base balance
20. Which vitamin can be made from the amino acid tryptophan?
a. niacin
b. vitamin C
c. vitamin K
d. vitamin B 12
21. Folate deficiency during pregnancy is associated with:
a. Down's syndrome
b. gestational diabetes
c. neural tube defects
d. pellagra
22 Which of the following is true of prostaglandins?
a. they are made from non-essential fatty acids
b. they are made from essential amino acids
c. they are made from essential fatty acids
d. they act like carbohydrates
e. b and d
23 Fats are transported in the body by becoming associated with compounds
called_______.
a. phospholipids
b. sterols
c. lipoproteins
d. amino acids
e. enzymes
24 If amino acids are oversupplied:
a. the body stores them until they are needed
b. the body removes and excretes their amine groups
c. the body converts amino acid residues to glycogen or fat
d. a and b
e. b and c
25 If a person ate a diet consisting only of beans and peas, they might be
deficient in which essential amino acid?
a. methionine
b. alanine
c. lysine
d. arginine
e. none of the above
26 Proteins can help to maintain acid-base balance by
a. releasing or binding hydrogen ion as needed.
b. producing additional carbohydrates as needed.
c. producing additional lipids as needed.
d. b and c
e. none of the above.