Chapter 7
1. Fitness is defined as the
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
health of an individual organism.
ability of an organism to adapt to new environmental situations.
quality of offspring produced.
number of genes contributed by an individual to the next generation.
all of the above
Answer: D
2. The longer the wavelength, the more energy they carry.
Answer: F
3. Secondary sexual characteristics are often considered a handicap because of increased
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
predation.
competition.
parasitism.
infertility.
all of the above
Answer: A
4. Intersexual competition generally involves dominance or contest competition,
whereas intrasexual selection involves mate selection through secondary sexual
competition.
Answer: F
5. The difference between a male and a female rests largely on
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
anatomical differences.
secondary sexual characteristics.
size and energetic cost of gametes.
presence or absence of a Y chromosome.
all of the above
Answer: C
6. Some species of animals can switch genders.
Answer: T
7. In many species, the females can reproduce by the process of parthenogenesis. Then
why do males persist in those species?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
defense
to increase the number of offspring produced
to assist in rearing of the offspring
to decrease the chance of infertility
to ensure genetic diversity
Answer: E
8. Endler’s research on the male guppy (Poecilia reticulate) color indicates that male
colorfulness is determined by
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
predation.
intrasexual competition.
sexual selection by females.
both predation and intrasexual competition.
both predation and sexual selection by females.
Answer: E
9. Some animals are born as hermaphrodites, but unlike hermaphroditic plants which
can successfully self-pollinate, animal hermaphrodites are sterile.
Answer: F
10. Thornhill’s research on mate selection among scorpionflies (Panorpa latipennis)
indicates that male ____________ translates into successful mating opportunities.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
body size
aggressiveness
nuptial offering
both body size and aggressiveness
both body size, aggressiveness and nuptial offering
Answer: E
11. The greatest degree of sexual dimorphism occurs in species that are the most
polygynous.
Answer: T
12. Research suggests that non-random mating in plants involves
a) intersexual pollen selection.
b)
c)
d)
e)
secondary floral characteristics.
interference competition.
inclusive pollen fitness.
none of the above, plants randomly mate
Answer: C
13. What is not included in the defining characteristics of eusociality?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
reproductive and non-reproductive castes
intrasexual selection of mates
multi-generational cohabitation
cooperative care of young
all are defining characteristics
Answer: B
14. Research on eusociality suggests that the evolutionary driving force(s) to preserve
this form of sociality is/are?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
kin selection
inclusive fitness
environmental adaptation
both kin selection and inclusive fitness
kin selection, inclusive fitness and environmental adaptation
Answer: D
15. The African green woodhoopoes tend to show philopatry because of limited
availability of quality breeding territories.
Answer: T
16. Which of the following statements concerning lion cooperative living is false?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Larger coalitions are composed of unrelated males.
Prides are composed of closely related females.
First and second ranked males sire the majority of cubs.
Males taking over a pride will practice infanticide.
Prides are made up of unrelated females.
Answer: A
17. ___________ species are those in which one male will mate with several females.
Answer: Polygynous
18. In comparing the leafcutter ant’s (Atta sexdens) society and the naked mole rat’s
(Heterocephalus glaber) society, there are several similarities in their cooperative living
situation. What is the exception?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
development of castes
one female ‘queen’ breeder per colony
all workers are non-breeding females
partitioned subterranean living quarters
none of the above
Answer: C
19. If a male scorpionfly (Panorpa latipennis) does not have a dead arthropod to present
a potential mate as a nuptial offering, he can often substitute a
_______________________.
Answer: salivary mass
20. When investigating haplodiploidy, all of the following statements were found to be
true except:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
siblings are more genetically related than an individual’s own offspring.
males have one set of chromosomes.
kin selection is not a implicated.
males develop from unfertilized eggs.
all of the above
Answer: C
21. There is a _________________ correlation with the amount of rainfall and the
reproductive success of the African green woodhoopoes.
Answer: negative
22. Which of the following terms cannot be used to describe the African green
Woodhoopoes?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
inclusive fitness
monogamous
kin selection
philopatry
none of the above
Answer: E